Occupational Medicine Quarterly Journal

fa تغییرات اقلیم و شاغلین فضای روباز: یک مطالعه مروری روایتی Climate Change and Outdoor Workers: A Narrative Review عوامل فیزیکی Physical agents مروری Review Article مقدمه: گرمایش جهانی و تغییر اقلیم بـه یکـی از موضوعات بحث‌برانگیز تبدیل شده است که اثر بحرانـی بر سلامت افراد داشته و زندگی بشر را تهدید مـی‌کند. شاغلین، به ویژه آنهایی که در فضای باز کار می‌کنند، اغلب اولین کسانی هستند که در معرض اثر تغییرات آب و هوایی قرار می‌گیرند. لذا هدف این مطالعه بررسی آثار و جنبه‌های مختلف تغییرات اقلیم بر روی سلامتی شاغلین، مطالعه نقش پارامترهای دخیل در آسیب‌پذیری شاغلین در برابر این پدیده و معرفی استراتژی‌های حفاظتی و کنترلی می‌باشد. روش بررسی: این مطالعه مروری روایتی، با تاکید بر نتایج تحقیقات بین‌المللی انجام شده در زمینه جنبه‌های مختلف تغییرات اقلیم در محیط‌های شغلی صورت گرفته است. مقالات چاپ شده در فاصله سال‌های 2023-2005 با استفاده از پایگاه‌های اطلاعاتی Scopus،PubMed  و Web of Science و کلیدواژه‌های تغییرات اقلیم، شاغلین فضای روباز، آسیب‌پذیری و استرس گرمایی مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. نتایج: بررسی مقالات نشان داد که تاثیر تغییرات اقلیم بر روی محیط‌های شغلی و شاغلین شامل افزایش دمای محیط و افزایش استرس گرمایی، افزایش مواجهه با اشعه ماورای بنفش، آلودگی هوا، افزایش بیماری‌های منتقله از طریق حشرات، خطرات ناشی از صنایع نوظهور سبز مانند تولید انرژی خورشیدی و بادی، مسائل مربوط به سلامت روان ( اضطراب، استرس، سوء مصرف مواد) و کاهش بهره‌وری و افزایش زیان اقتصادی می‌باشد. جهت ارزیابی آسیب‌پذیری سلامت شاغلین در برابر تغییرات اقلیم از تلفیق سه پارامتر حساسیت (میزان استعداد جسمی و ذاتی به متاثر شدن از اثرات ناشی از تغییرات اقلیم)، مواجهه (دامنه و میزان تماس‌های مرتبط با تغییرات اقلیم) و قابلیت انطباق (توانایی سیستم در مقابله یا بهبودی ناشی از مواجهه با تغییرات اقلیم) استفاده می‌شود. نتیجه‌گیری: تغییرات اقلیم به عنوان یک چالش جهانی، تأثیر بسزایی بر مشاغل مختلف از جمله مشاغل روباز دارد. مهمترین تاثیر تغییرات اقلیم، گرم شدن جهانی زمین و افزایش استرس گرمایی می‌باشد. این تغییرات می‌تواند طیف گسترده‌ای از عوارض و بیماری‌ها از اختلالات خفیف مانند راش‌های پوستی تا شرایط مرگ‌آور مثل شوک حرارتی، در پی داشته باشد. همچنین می‌تواند با تاثیر منفی بر توانایی انجام کار شاغلین سبب کاهش عملکرد فیزیکی، عملکرد ذهنی و افزایش میزان حوادث گردد. شاغلین فضای روباز نیازمند انطباق با تغییرات اقلیم و استفاده از راهکارهای مدرن و پایدار هستند تا بتوانند به چالش‌های آینده پاسخ دهند.   <ol> <li class="EndNoteBibliography" style="text-align:justify">Nakicenovic N, Alcamo J, Davis G, Vries Bd, Fenhann J, Gaffin S, et al. 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Applicability of the model presented by Australian Bureau of Meteorology to determine WBGT in outdoor workplaces: A case study. Urban Climate. 2020;32:100609.</li> </ol> <div aria-label="Page Break" class="cke_pagebreak" contenteditable="false" data-cke-display-name="pagebreak" data-cke-pagebreak="1" style="page-break-after:always" title="Page Break"></div> Climate Change and Outdoor Workers: A Narrative Review Asghari M 1<a href="#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title="">[1]</a>, Ghanadzadeh MJ 2, Soltani Gerdfaramarzi R 3 1 Associate Professor, Department of Occupational Health and Safety Engineering, School of Public Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran. 2 Assistant Professor, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran. 3 Industrial Diseases Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Abstract Introduction: Global warming and climate change have become one of the controversial topics that have a critical impact on human health and threaten human life. Workers, especially those working outdoors, are often the first ones exposed to the effects of climate change. The study aimed to analyze the impacts and dimensions of climate change on workers' health, investigate the factors contributing to workers' vulnerability to this phenomenon, and propose protective and control strategies. Materials and Methods: This narrative review highlights findings from global studies on climate change and its consequences (heat stress) in occupational environments. The articles published between 2005 and 2023 were analyzed using Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases, focusing on keywords such as climate change, outdoor workers, vulnerability, and heat stress. Results: The review of various articles showed that climate change affects work settings and employees through rising ambient temperature and elevated heat stress, greater exposure to  ultraviolet radiation, increased air pollution, climate-related vector-borne diseases, and other related hazards. It also encompasses risks linked to industrial shifts and the rise of new green industries such as solar and wind energy production, mental health issues (including anxiety, stress, substance abuse) as well as reducing productivity and economic burden. To evaluate the vulnerability of workers' health to climate change, three key factors are  taken into account: sensitivity (the level of physical and inherent vulnerability to climate  change effects), exposure (the extent and intensity of climate change-relate interactions ), and adaptive capacity (the ability of the system to cope with and recover from the effects of climate change). Conclusion: Climate change, as a global challenge, significantly impacts various professions, particularly those in outdoor environments. The foremost consequence of climate change is global warming and the rising levels of heat stress. These changes can give rise to various health problems, from minor issues like Skin rashes to severe conditions like heatstroke. Additionally, they can impede workers' productivity, leading to decreased physical and mental performance and an increased risk of accidents. Outdoor workers must adjust to these climate changes and adopt modern, sustainable approaches to tackle upcoming challenges.   <div>  <div id="ftn1"></div> </div> تغییرات اقلیم, استرس گرمایی, آسیب‌پذیری, حساسیت, مواجهه, قابلیت انطباق Climate change, Heat stress, Vulnerability, Sensitivity, Exposure, Adaptive Capacity 88 100 http://tkj.ssu.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-11-115-12&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Mehdi Asghari مهدی اصغری m.asghari2011@gmail.com 000-0002-5776-1631 Yes Arak University of Medical Sciences علوم پزشکی اراک Mohammad Javad Ghanadzadeh محمد جواد قنادزاده mghanadzadeh.7@gmail.com 000-0002-9734-2124 No Arak University of Medical Sciences علوم پزشکی اراک Razieh Soltani Gerdfaramarzi رضیه سلطانی raziyeh_soltani@yahoo.com 0000-0002-8840-8398 No دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد