Tibbi-i-kar

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Introduction: Absenteeism is one of the challenging issues in managing human resources. Many social, economic and personal factors may affect sickness absence. We studied effects of some personal factors on sickness absence in a governmental organization.    

Methods: In a cross-sectional study, we invited all of white collar workers of one governmental organization to participate in this study. Data regarding personal factors collected for volunteers and combined with long-term sickness absence data which extracted from sickness absence certification files.  

Results: A total of 527 workers, including 408 males and 119 females participated in our study. Of these 527 participants, 70 (13.3%) had a history of long-term sickness absence in the past three years. Sickness absence spells were significantly associated with female sex, smoking, less than three person kinship responsibility, chronic disease and poor self-rated general health, in regression analysis. Working days lost due to sickness absence were significantly associated with female sex, smoking and chronic disease, in regression analysis.    

Conclusion: Diseases are not the sole cause of sickness absence and other personal factors may play a significant role on making a decision to withdraw from the workplace.

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Introduction: One of the main causes of urban noise pollution is traffic noise, which causes a variety of physical and mental effects, sleep disorders, hearing loss, and quality of life. The purpose of this study was to assess the noise pollution caused by traffic and its effects on sleep disorders and the people’s quality of life in Shiraz city.

Methods: This descriptive and analytic study conducted on 280 residents in heavy traffic and low-traffic areas of the city that selected according to the sampling method. Data collection included: quality of life questionnaire (WHOQOL: BREF), Herzberg sleep disorders questionnaire (PSQI) and by the CEL-440 sound level meter. Data analysis was performed using T-test, Chi - square and Pearson's correlation coefficient.

Results: There was a statistical significant difference between traffic noise levels and sleep disorders in people nearby the low traffic boulevards (P<0.05). Also, there was a statistical significant difference was seen between traffic noise levels and the quality of life of people nearby the high traffic boulevards (P<0.05).

Conclusion: The traffic noise level in low and high traffic areas in Shiraz city was higher than the standard levels that lead to increasing the sleep disorders and decreasing the quality of life of people.

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Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine the mediator role of anxiety and depression in relationship between attachment styles and job satisfaction among teachers.

Methods: The method of the present study was correlation. Statistical population in this research, included all of 210 teachers of Jajarm schools in 2015. Then according to Kerjcie and Morganʼ sampling table, 136 teachers (60 women and 76 men) were selected based on stratified random sampling method. Attachment styles questionnaire (Kulinz & Rid, 1990), General Health Questionnaire (Goldberg & williams, 1988), and Job Descriptive Index (Smith, et.al, 1989) were used in order to collect data. Gathered Data were analyzed by Pearson's correlation coefficient and path analysis using SPSS and AMOS softwares.

Results: Results indicated that there was a negative relationship between attachment with anxiety and depression (P<0.001). Also, there was a significant positive relationship between secure attachment style and job satisfaction (P <0.05). There was a significant negative relationship between anxiety and depression with job satisfaction (P <0.05), as well.

Conclusion: Safe attachment style increases the job satisfaction of teachers by decreasing anxiety. The ambivalent attachment style decreases the job satisfaction of teachers by increasing anxiety.

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Introduction: One of the pollutants that is developing in human life day by day is Magnetic field. In modern urban transport systems, diesel motors have been replaced with electric motors, working with alternating and direct currents, and leading to occupational exposure of drivers with magnetic fields. This study aimed to determine the urban train's drivers exposure with static magnetic fields and compare it with national occupational exposure limits.

Methods: In order to measure the train's drivers exposured with static magnetic field, several samples were selected from urban AC and DC and AC intercity trains, in the 1,2,4, and 5 lines of Tehran, Iran. After determination of the sampling location, static magnetic field was measured by three axes magnetic field meter (HI-3550), according to the standard IEEE std C95.3.1 and previous studies. In order to analyze the data, SPSS software (ver. 20) was used.

Results: The maximum exposure of drivers was in DC trains- line 2- (0.52 mT), meanwhile, average exposure of AC trains driver (0.095 mT) was higher than DC trains driver (0.081 mT). The average magnetic flux density between different lines has not have significant differences. The highest levels of time-weighted average exposure were related to line 1 AC train drivers (0.06 mT).

Conclusion: Exposure of train’s drivers was 10 time higher than background level, indicating a significant exposure in this job. However, in none of the assessment situation, the whole body exposure of train’s drivers was not exceeded from National Occupational Exposure Level (TWA= 0.2 and ceiling= 2 T). Of course, it does not imply that this level of exposure is completely safe, because different studies have reported health problems even at lower values of the magnetic field.

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Introduction: Cleaners make up a considerable part of workers in the worldwide and they perform their services as activities in home environment, industry, and work in hospitals and so on. Studies show that cleaning products contain a mixture of chemicals that many of them may affect health of the workers during be exposed to the breathing. So this study investigated the effects of these materials on a group of cleaners.
Methods and Materials: This cross-sectional study has been conducted on 120 of cleaners in Kashan University of Medical Sciences. Data is collected using Persian Saint George Respiratory questionnaire and spirometery was performed once. Each spirogyra’s interpretation was based on the ATS criteria .The results analyzed using SPSS15 and chi square test and t test.
Results: Results show that between 80 cleaners who had inclusion criteria, 36.3%(29 patients) had respiratory symptoms in the workplace .The prevalence of respiratory symptoms, including: Shortness of breath 22/5% (n = 18), cough, 18/8% (n = 15), sputum 6/3% (5 patients), and wheezing 2/5% (2 people).The most common view of  Spirometry is normal and probably normal (79/7%). Contact with acids and bases increase risk of respiratory symptoms in cleaner(3/71 fold). Spirometery view in contact to detergents or acids and bases has no significant relation.
Conclusion: The research shows that a third of patients had respiratory symptoms, So it is required that in review the respiratory system of employers in addition to use spirometric interpretation, the results of clinical signs and respiratory complaints should be considered to diagnosis.
 

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Introduction: Despite much research on musculoskeletal disorders caused by labor in industry, workshops are less studied than other groups .For example, to date, a similar study on a Toreutics job has not taken place The present.this study aims to assess the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in the Toreutics workers the city of Isfahan . Methods and Materials: In the descriptive-analytic study and cross-sectional random sampling, 249 employees in the industry were involved in. The instruments used were demographic and scandivian Body Map questionnaire. Data were analyzed by T-test, Kolmogorov Mann Whitney, Levene Test and Smirnow with using SPSS 16 software. Results: Findings show that musculoskeletal complaints in this occupation are high So that 89.4% of the people surveyed mentioned at least one part of their body. The most common complaints relate to the neck, back and shoulders. The number of complaints increased with age and work experience significantly increased but between complaints of musculoskeletal disorders with working hours BMI and gender was not significantly correlated. Conclusion: skeletal-musculoskeletal complaints were very high. Preventive measures and training programs are essential in this group of workers.

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Introduction: noise is one of the most important harmful factors in the workplace. The physiological effects of noise on humans are gradual in the long run. Despite industrial advances, exposure to excessive noise is one of the health problems of workers in the world's steel industry. This study aimed to investigate the effect of noise on hearing loss in steel industry workers.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was designed and conducted. The study population was 121 workers in a steel rolling industry whose 5-year audiometry was studied from 1391 to 1395. An audiometer performed the audiometric test of these workers in 5 years. Their audiometric results were extracted from their medical records and examined under ethical principles. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 21, and T-Test and Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test was used for statistical analysis.
Results: The mean age of participants was 38.88 ± 4.92 years and the mean work experience was 10.94 ± 3.57 years. In this study, a gradual increase in the average hearing threshold at different frequencies in both ears was seen from 2012 to 2016.
Conclusion: noise as a detrimental factor in the steel industry causes a gradual increase in exposed workers' hearing threshold.
 

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Introduction: light intensity and duration are physical factors that affect hormone secretion and circadian rhythms. This study aimed to determine the effects of various light intensities on serum melatonin and cortisol levels.

 Materials and methods: This experimental study was carried out on 32 male rats: Group 1 as the control group, received a brightness of 150 lux, and groups 2, 3, and 4 as the exposure groups received light intensities of 300, 5000, and 8000 lux for 14 days, respectively. To evaluate hormone levels, blood samples were taken on before and after 7 and 14 days of exposure. Then cortisol and melatonin levels were determined by ELISA. Data were analyzed using SPSS.

Results: The results showed that cortisol levels after seven days of exposure in the groups exposed to the light intensity of 300, 5000, and 8000 lux increased significantly compared to the control group, and after 14 days, the level of cortisol in the groups. Exposure to a light intensity of 5000 and 8000 lux increased significantly compared to the control. Also, melatonin levels in the group of rats exposed to the light intensity of 5000 lux and 8000 lux after 7 and 14 days of exposure compared to the control significantly decreased.

Conclusion: Increased light intensity is associated  with  increased  melatonin  suppression and cortisol levels. It is suggested  that  more studies be done to prove the effect of different light intensities on changes in the levels of these  hormones at varying hours of the day.
 

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Introduction: Rescue worker is one of the jobs that is associated with stressful factors. Among the relief occupations, firefighters are faced various physical and chemical hazards, such as high temperatures, chemicals, noise, etc., due to their responsibilities for firefighting and safety services. Therefore, the main goal of this research was the effect and follow–up results of 8 weeks of operational-skill training on the dynamic balance of firefighters.
Materials and Methods: The subjects of the research were 34 male firefighters of Tehran who had at least five years of continuous shift experience in the experimental group with an age range of 29.00±2.55 years, height of 178.41±4.62 cm, weight 77.39±4.66 kg, and body mass index 16. 24.31±1 kg per square meter, and in the control group with an age range of 28.71±2.39 years, height 177.47±3.32 cm, weight 76.00±4.12 kg, and body mass index 02/0 were 24.13±1 kg/m2, were selected.
Results: The functional balance board of firefighters was used to evaluate dynamic balance. The research base was in the 114th station of the Tehran fire department. The analysis of the data obtained from the research was done by the statistical method of analysis of variance with repeated measures and to compare two groups by Bonferroni's post hoc test at the error level of 0.05 and using SPSS software version 24. According to the results of the research, after the intervention, there was a significant difference in the experimental group (p≥0.05); but no significant difference in the control group (p≤0.05).
Conclusion: Operational-skill training can improve and promote the important factors of injury prevention (fatigue, reaction time, and balance) among firefighters. Therefore, fatigue can affect reaction time and imbalance, which will result in musculoskeletal injuries among firefighters, so it is recommended to improve the mentioned factors of injury prevention. And for the lasting effect, operational skill exercises should be used. Finally, it can be said that operational-skill exercises can improve the dynamic balance of firefighters.