Tibbi-i-kar

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Abstract Background: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders(WMSDs) are a common health problem and a major cause of disability. In order to control of musculoskeletal disorder risk, it is so important to understand how these disorders develop and manifest themselves in society. In order to assess exposure to risks for WMSDs and provide a basis for ergonomic interventions, this study was done for posture evaluation in FRO- ALEAGE factory workers of Kerman. Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study that accomplished using OWAS, RULA, QEC software method for evaluation of incidence of MSDS. Results :Finding of this study showed that the duties"mineral stone breaker, spout cleaner, outside cleaner and stoker" are the most hazardous tasks. Adjustment of work station, work load reduction and designing of suitable work stations are our recommendation for improvement of work conditions. Conclusion: assessing results of RULA and QEC revealed strong relation and correlation between twomethods. So we recommend using these 2 methods for posture evaluation of workers in similar tasks.

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Abstract Background: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) among bank workers are receiving growing attention. Aim of present study was survey of musculoskeletal disorders among Bank staff of Yazd city. Methods: This study was carried out, involving work observation and interviews. Self-answered questionnaires performed by 102 bank staff operators, the statistical analyzed were software SPSS 15. Results: men represented 87.25% of the bank staff, 92.2% of them were in the age bracket of 20 to 40 yr. daily working time was 6-h with 2-h break time. Among bank staff operators the prevalence of back symptoms was 18.6% and of wrist/hand was 0.9%. Risk factors associated with musculoskeletal disorders were inadequate height of table and making fewer rest breaks. Conclusion: Prevention of musculoskeletal disorders among bank staff operators requires an integrated approach including improved workstation design, thermal comfort environment, well-scheduled work-rest regime and realistic production goals.

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Abstract Background: Each year many people lose their lives resulting from driving accidents. This can cause irreparable mental, physical and psychological loss for the survivals. Driving sleeping is referred to as one of the causes requiring a research on the relationship between driving accidents and damages resulted from with the sleep quality of the truck drivers. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study 150 truck drivers of Darab city were selected randomly. A two-section questionnaire was used the first part of which included demographic information while for the second part it comprised Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). SPSS software was applied to analyze the data. Results: The results indicated the subjects' mean of PSQI as 4.9±2.70 with a bad sleep quality in 39.3% of the drivers. Less than a quarter of the subjects (22.7%) had accidents in the 5 previous years. Sleepiness was the cause of 25.3% of the accidents. Driving accidents, record for the drivers with appropriate sleep quality was lower compared with those with inappropriate sleep quality and the difference was statistically significant. Conclusions: The results represented that around a quarter of the accidents were due to the subjects' sleepiness. Over one third of them were not enjoying a good sleep quality. So it is suggested offering sleep health training to the drivers as well as issuing health card and sleep test as required for them.

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Abstract Background: Tile workers are exposed to a lot of dusts and are susceptible to various pulmonary complications. This study was designed to evaluate the respiratory symptoms and lung capacities of tile workers. Methods: This was a retrospective, cross sectional study on 350 workers in different factory workshops. We assessed respiratory complaints and pulmonary function tests. Data were analyzed by SPSS using T-Test and ANOVA. Results: Among respiratory complaint, dyspnea was the most frequent(22.9%), and cough(13.1%) and sputum production(5.4%) were in the 2nd and 3rd orders. There was a significant relationship between dyspnea and reduction in spirometric indices(P< 0.05),and there was a significant relationship between respiratory complaint and job title, frequency of respiratory symptoms were higher among foundry workers. Conclusion: It is clear that occupational exposures affect pulmonary function, performing pulmonary function tests may show lung term effect of these exposures.

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Abstract Background: Safety culture is one of a number of ideas currently seen as having the potential to move organizations to higher standards of safety. The present study examined the impact of events on the culture safety in the workers of Textile industry. Methods: In this case- control study data collected using questionnaire. In the questionnaire, 75 questions were multiple choices (Standard Safety Culture Questionnaire) and six questions were related to the accident (Accidents questionnaire).The collected data were then coded into the SPSS software. Results: In this study the most common cause of occupational accidents is indiscretion (53%) and most of the accident has been cut (38%). The relationship between negative and positive safety culture with a history of accident was significant (P<0.05) but Age, work experience and education in case and control groups were not significantly associated with safety culture. Conclusion: Occupational accidents are the main factors threatening the human resources in organizations. One way to prevent major accidents is creating and reinforces a culture of safety. Senior managers play a major role of building culture and accelerating this. Accordingly, first, it is necessary for managers and administrators of work to have real belief to safe working until the culture being established in organization.

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Abstract Background: Noise-induced hearing loss is on of the most important disease which may lead to some disturbances in workers' safety and performance. This study was conducted to evaluate the frequency of hearing loss among the workers of a uranium mine in the central region of Iran. Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study. Measurements were performed in A-weighting scale in response to fast detector. Frequency of hearing loss in left and right ears were assessed in 150 workers. Data was analyzed using SPSS. Results: Mean age and duration of employment of the subjects was 33.68±7.56 years and 8.08±5.30 years, respectively. Pearson's correlation test showed a significant relationship between hearing loss at frequencies of 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 6000 and 8000 Hz with age and duration of employment (p<0.05). Hearing loss is increased by increasing age and duration of employment. Considering employment duration to be constant, hearing loss was averagely increased 0.52 for each unit increase in age and considering age to be constant, hearing loss was averagely increased 0.2 for each unit increase in employment duration. Conclusion: This study didn't show a significant hearing loss among the workers because 39.3% of workers were young and 32.7% were office workers without significant exposure to noise but there was a positive correlation between total hearing loss and age and employment duration. Age was more effective on hearing loss than employment duration.

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Background: Proper nutrition can affect the health status of next generation. Nutritional status of women workers is so important. This study has been done to determine energy, macro and micronutrient intakes and to compare with dietary standards. Methods: This descriptive cross sectional study has been done on 300 carpet weaver in Yazd. After measuring height and weight, dietary intake was determined using 3 day 24 h dietary recall questionnaire and analyzed by Nutritionist 4 software. Descriptive analysis and t-test were used by SPSS software. Results: After omitting over and under reporting, data of 170 workers were analyzed. Mean of body mass index was 23.39±3.84 Kg/m2. Mean of energy intake was 2536.4±473.7 Kcal/d while 55.65, 10.86, and 33.48 percents of energy have been supplied by carbohydrate, protein and fat, respectively. Dietary intakes of vitamin A and C were significantly lower than Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI). Energy excess was seen in 91.7 percent of women and 31.8 percent of them were obese or overweight. Conclusion: according to this study, micronutrient deficiencies are the issue in women in spite of energy excess.

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Introduction: Employees are often faced with some stressful situations that with their self-concept content, affect their job satisfaction, mental and physical health. Also, religious orientation plays an important role. The aim of this study was to examine the mediating role of religious orientation in relation to the self-concept of job stress.

Methods: This is a descriptive, correlational study. The population was female employees in Semnan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services. 150 individuals were selected by simple random sampling method, with ages ranging between 32 to 64 years were selected. The measurement tools of this research were Tennessee Self Concept Scale (TSCS), Intrinsic and Extrinsic Religious Orientation Scale (IERS) and Health and Safety Executive (HSE) Stress Questionnaire. For data analysis, descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis were used.

Results: Religious orientation can have a mediating role in the relationship between self-concept and job stress. People with religious beliefs, achieve greater self-awareness, which can be helpful in reducing stress.

Conclusion: Spiritual help making sure of receiving divine support in times of need is a suitable way to reduce job stress.

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Introduction:
The condition of work in handloom weaving industries cause musculoskeletal (MSDS) disorders which are specially the most prevailing professional problem among women. The aim of this research was to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in various organs of the carver, assessing the carotid posture and workstations, determine the individual and ergonomic risk factors the occurrence of musculoskeletal disorders
 Method:
The present study is done through descriptive cross-section method to assess the organic risk work-related musculoskeletal disorders that loom over 152 handloom weavers. Our data collection tools were: demographic questionnaire, job Nordic questionnaire, and body map prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders to decide the rate of symptoms. Then, we took film from handloom weavers while wearing to know the condition of their bodies. After reviewing the films, we assigned posture marks to each duty using ocra software at the end, data were analyzed and T-test using spss-20.
Result:
The result Ocra showed that the most frequent incidence of pain in different organs of the body during last year was neck and shoulder the average Ocra is 3.65.This indicate that most of the handloom weavers are at high risk and are in the red zone. According to the statistics 1.3% of these weavers are in slight risk and 32.2% are at low risk and 64.4% are at high risk. Thus, our study showed that the level of exposure to the risk in level 4 is more than the other levels. Hence, the station needs immediate correction.
The results also showed that there is a significant relationship between the risk level of Ocra and the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (pain, discomfort, etc., during the past 12 months) in the neck, shoulder and wrist.
Conclusion:
Based on Ocra indices results, handloom weavers are at high risk of musculoskeletal injuries that indicates the inappropriate (unsuitable) work condition and environment that should be corrected as soon as possible.
On the other hand, the Ocra method of evaluation is an appropriate tool to confirm the level of risk factors in the muscoskeletal disorders of handloom weavers.

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Assessment of the probability of human error occurring in the process of appendectomy operation using SPAR-H method
 
Taherzadeh Chenani KH1, Jahangiri M 2, Jafari Nodoushan R ^*3, Madadizadeh F 4, Fallah H5^,6
 
1 Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
2 Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
3 Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
4 Research Center of Prevention and Epidemiology of Non-Communicable Disease, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
5 Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
6 Occupational Health Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
 
Abstract
Introduction: The irreparable consequences of human error in the health care sector have made patient safety an important principle in medical professions. The aim of the present study was to investigate the probability of human error in operating room personnel in the process of appendectomy operations.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional and descriptive study was performed to identify and evaluate the probability of human error in operating room personnel's tasks in the process of appendectomy in Shahid Sadoughi Hospital in Yazd. Initially, by interviewing personnel and studying the process and procedures of the work, the job duties of the personnel were analyzed using HTA method. Finally, the probability of error was calculated using SPAR-H method for different tasks.
Results: The average human error probability for all tasks was 0.173. Also, the highest mean of error was related to anesthesiologist duties (0.23) and the least related to scrub duties (0.101).
Conclusion: The SPAR-H method can be used to analyze and quantify the probability of human error in the operating room. To reduce the likelihood of human error, we can reduce dependency by performing different tasks with different people and if possible with long time between them. Also, stress, complexity and procedures were identified as the most important factors affecting the probability of error.

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Introduction: Despite widespread efforts to reduce human error in different occupations, unsafe practices and behaviors are still the main cause of many accidents. The occurrence of medical errors in health care systems as one of the most important factors in decreasing the quality of services in this field has received much attention in recent years. Therefore, this study aimed to identify and evaluate all kinds of human error among nurses of Yazd Mother hospital.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional and descriptive-analytical study was conducted at Yazd Mother hospital in 2019. All nursing duties in gynecology, infertility, emergency, neonatal intensive care, and in vitro fertilization were identified and subdivided using hierarchical task analysis (HTA) and then analyzed using SHERPA method.
Results: The highest number of errors was in a gynecology (83), infertility (73), emergency (54), neonatal intensive care (31) and in vitro fertilization, respectively. The highest percentage of errors was related to performance in all sectors. The least frequent error was selection error.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that functional errors account for a large proportion of errors, which should be the priority of control strategies in each segment for these types of errors in order to prevent such errors. The magnitude of the errors identified after the proposed control solutions in all sections indicated the fact that acceptable solutions can be achieved by applying these strategies.

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Introduction: Occupational accidents have several life and financial consequences in industries. Among the causes of accidents, human error and unsafe behavior are known as the most important factors. Studies showed that biorhythms affect human errors and occupational accidents. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between biorhythms and the severity of occupational accidents in the chemical industry.  
Materials and Methods: This study investigated chemical industry accidents from 2009-2022. After removing the incomplete reports, 279 accidents report was collected. The investigated accidents were classified into two groups major and minor. Information related to the biorhythms cycles was analyzed using Natural Biorhythm software. Data analysis was done using SPSS-24.
Results: The investigation of accidents showed that 115 and 164 people were involved in major and minor accidents, respectively. In this study, in the critical state of the intellectual cycle, the number of major accidents was significantly higher than minor accidents (P=0.009). In the investigation of morning shift work accidents, the relationship between the critical state of the intellectual cycle and the severity of accidents was confirmed (P=0.004). We found no significant relationship between physical and emotional cycles with the severity of accidents. 
Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that the critical days of the intellectual biorhythm are related to the severity of occupational accidents. It is recommended to conduct more studies on different jobs and duties to clarify the exact relationships between the variables. 

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Introduction: Construction industries have a complex nature, so they have a high rate of occupational accidents. Construction workers are known as one of the most stressful jobs. In addition to the mental health of employees, occupational stress also has a negative effect on the safety of the workplace. The present study investigates occupational accidents and job stress in a construction company and its relationship with the demographic characteristics of employees. 
Materials and Methods: In the present study, occupational accident reports in a construction company were examined. After removing the incomplete reports, the information on 100 accidents such as the type of accident, the cause of the accident, the consequence of the accident, and the person who experienced the accident was collected. After collecting the accident data, the job stress of the injured employee was checked using the Osipow Job Stress Questionnaire. Data analysis was done in SPSS-24 software.  
Results: The results showed that slipping and falling from a height had the highest frequency (41%), and electrocution had the lowest frequency (8%) among the accidents. The majority of the injured employees (96%) were placed in the moderate to severe stress group. No significant relationship was found between occupational accidents and demographic variables (P>0.05). Also, a positive and significant relationship was found between job experience and job stress (P<0.05). 
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that it is necessary to take safety measures to reduce fall accidents. Due to the negative effects of occupational stress, it is recommended to implement measures such as developing a training program and holding stress management workshops, increasing organizational support, and identifying and adjusting stress sources.