Tibbi-i-kar

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Introduction:
The condition of work in handloom weaving industries cause musculoskeletal (MSDS) disorders which are specially the most prevailing professional problem among women. The aim of this research was to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in various organs of the carver, assessing the carotid posture and workstations, determine the individual and ergonomic risk factors the occurrence of musculoskeletal disorders
 Method:
The present study is done through descriptive cross-section method to assess the organic risk work-related musculoskeletal disorders that loom over 152 handloom weavers. Our data collection tools were: demographic questionnaire, job Nordic questionnaire, and body map prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders to decide the rate of symptoms. Then, we took film from handloom weavers while wearing to know the condition of their bodies. After reviewing the films, we assigned posture marks to each duty using ocra software at the end, data were analyzed and T-test using spss-20.
Result:
The result Ocra showed that the most frequent incidence of pain in different organs of the body during last year was neck and shoulder the average Ocra is 3.65.This indicate that most of the handloom weavers are at high risk and are in the red zone. According to the statistics 1.3% of these weavers are in slight risk and 32.2% are at low risk and 64.4% are at high risk. Thus, our study showed that the level of exposure to the risk in level 4 is more than the other levels. Hence, the station needs immediate correction.
The results also showed that there is a significant relationship between the risk level of Ocra and the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (pain, discomfort, etc., during the past 12 months) in the neck, shoulder and wrist.
Conclusion:
Based on Ocra indices results, handloom weavers are at high risk of musculoskeletal injuries that indicates the inappropriate (unsuitable) work condition and environment that should be corrected as soon as possible.
On the other hand, the Ocra method of evaluation is an appropriate tool to confirm the level of risk factors in the muscoskeletal disorders of handloom weavers.

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Introduction: Electrocution is the cause of many deaths in the world annually, that electric current passing between the body and earth can be the reason; thus, it is of great importance to construct the ground protection system using earth pit. This study aimed to investigate the effective environmental conditions on the earth's pit resistance using the simulation method.
Materials and Methods: In the present study, 192 different experiments were performed and repeated ten times. The parameters evaluated in this study include soil type, reducing agents type, depth, humidity, electrode type, soil density, and electrode placement shape. The resistance value is measured using a three-point ether tester by changing each of them. The obtained data were statistically analyzed, and the results were presented in tables.
Results: According to the results of the experiments, soil density and moisture are considered the most effective parameters in determining the resistance of the earth pit; so that the value of resistance is significantly reduced by changing these two parameters separately or simultaneously. Also, as density and depth of placement increase, the value of resistance in all experiments had a decreasing trend. This study showed that sand was determined as the worst soil type among the soil types due to its high resistance.
Conclusion: According to the results of this study, soil density and moisture among the seven parameters under study play a more important role in pit resistance and consequently the severity of an electric shock that should be given more attention to it.