Tibbi-i-kar

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Background: Due to the increase of public concern about the physical and psychological effects of radiation on the health of cell phone users, the present study aimed to determine public exposure to microwave propagation from current cell phones in different user conditions. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the effective intensity of microwave radiation from cell phone were measured in different user conditions during call establishment, conversion, short massage and Bluetooth. Microwave meter HI 2200 model made by Holaday Co. was used to measure radiation according to the standard method No.C93.5. Shielding effectiveness of anti radiation covers for cell phone during call establishment was also determined. Results: The effective intensities of microwave radiation emitted from cell phones were equaled to 51.4±31.6μW/cm2,42.7±30.9μW/cm2,8.6±7.1μW/cm2,1.3±0.2 μW/cm2 during call establishment, conversion, short massage and Bluetooth, respectively which were lower than the exposure limits. There was not statistical significance between intensities of microwave radiation of cell phones based on the maker companies (Pvalue >0.05). Correlation between specific absorption rate and microwave intensity of cell phones were significant (Pvalue<0.01). Conclusion: Although the microwave intensities of cell phones was lower than the exposure limits, however, due to the failure to obtain conclusive evidence on the health effects of radiation exposure on humans, it seems to be necessary to inform users about health risks , reduce conversation time as possible and use standard cell phone covers.

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Introduction: Today the rate of human beings exposed to electromagnetic fields is increasing deliriously and human beings are being more drowned in the ocean of electromagnetic fields each day. It has been a long time that the effects of electromagnetic fields on organisms has been studied by researchers and due to the long-term researches and the slow impact of fields on life-cycle processes, in a lot of cases a final opinion is impossible. Considering the detrimental effects of being exposed to electromagnetic radiations, this study aimed to determine the relation between electromagnetic radiations and the level of Melatonin and Cortisol hormones of serum (blood) of the male employees of the 230kV substations in Golestan Province.

 

Materials and Methods: this study has been accomplished with the cross sectional method (descriptive-analytic) on male employees of the 230 kilo-Volt substations in Golestan Province(1396). The results achieved from the serum sample of the case and control groups have been compared, and the measurements and the relation between them has been analyzed, using Spss22 software.

 

Results: 100 % of the measured electric field intensity and magnetic flux density of the 230kV substations in Golestan Province is less than Iran’s occupational limits. There was no significant difference between the average of the level of Cortisol hormone in the case and control groups. The average of the level of Cortisol in the substation job group was not significantly different. There is no significant difference in the average of Cortisol level and age category and work place

Conclusion: Electromagnetic radiations do not affect the level of Cortisol hormones of the male employees of the 230 kV substations in Golestan province and the electric and magnetic fields intensity of substations is in the occupational limits of Iran.

 

 

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Introduction: The quality of work life is one of the most important variables in the field of industrial and organizational psychology, which leads to an increase in individual performance and organizational productivity by creating organizational vitality. Today's organizations use many measures to improve the quality of work life and the vitality of employees, one of the newest methods is the use of virtual reality. 
Materials and Methods: The purpose of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of virtual reality on the quality of work life and organizational vitality of employees. The research was a semi-experimental pre-test-post-test type with a control group. The sample of this research was 30 employees of Iran's New Energy Organization, who were assigned in two groups of 15 people, experimental and control. The tools of this research were Walton's quality of work life questionnaire (1973) and Kroloff's organizational vitality (2007). The experimental group of 15 people underwent the virtual reality training package during 8 sessions (10 minutes each session). After collecting the data, they were analyzed using the covariance analysis method.
Results: The results showed that the difference between the average scores of the post-test of the quality of work life and organizational vitality in the two experimental and control groups is significant (P<0.01). Therefore, it can be said that the virtual reality package has a favorable effect on the quality of work life and organizational vitality and improves the quality of work life and organizational vitality.
Conclusion: It is suggested that organizations and companies use the virtual reality package to improve quality of work life and organizational vitality of their employees.

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Introductio: In recent years, the work environment has gained great importance and has been considered as a suitable place for health improvement activities. The work environment provides opportunities and suitable facilities to influence people's lives. The present research was conducted with the aim of the effectiveness of virtual anger management with Cognitive behavioral methodology using the cognitive behavioral method on anger rumination, mental health, work-family conflict  and interpersonal relationships.
Materials and Methods: The research method was a semi-experimental research method with control groups and pre-test-post-test. The statistical population included all secondary school female teachers in Isfahan city in the academic year of 2021-2020, 30 female teachers were selected by random sampling and randomly assigned to two experimental groups (15 people) and a control group (15 people). The experimental group underwent 60-minute virtual anger management training and the control group remained on the waiting list. Both groups were evaluated in the pre-test and post-test stages by Sakhodolsky et al.'s (2001) anger rumination, shortened form of the SCL-90 inventory, work-family conflict questionnaire (Carlson et al., 2000) and Interpersonal Relationship Quality Questionnaire (Pierce et al., 1991). In order to analyze the data, statistical methods and SPSS version 23 software and multivariate covariance and single covariance analysis were used.
Results: The findings showed that the virtual training of anger management on rumination of anger and its dimensions, thoughts of anger, thoughts of revenge, memories of anger and knowing the causes are equal to 44.7, 16.9, 23.2 and 45.5 percent of the variance, respectively. , mental health is 43.3% of the variance, work-family conflict is 37.2% of the variance, and interpersonal relationships and its dimensions have a significant effect of 65.2% of the variance (p<0.01).
Conclusion: As a result, virtual anger management training as an effective therapy can help to improve mental health. Therefore, it is suggested that counselors and psychologists pay special attention to anger management virtual training to reduce anger rumination and work-family conflict and increase mental health and interpersonal relationships.
 

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Introduction: job stress is defined as the accumulation of stressful factors in job-related situations, which most people agree is stressful, and it can be the direct factor in the intention to leave the job. The present study investigates the effectiveness of virtual reality exposure therapy and compares its effectiveness with mindfulness-based stress reduction based on mindfulness on the components of job stress employees with job stress.
 Materials and Methods: The research design was a semi-experimental pre and post-test with a control group and a follow-up phase. The statistical population included all employees with job stress in a private company in Isfahan City in 2022, and the research sample included 45 employees who were randomly divided into three groups of 15: virtual reality therapy, mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy, and Controls were replaced. The people of the two intervention groups participated in the intervention sessions; The first experimental group underwent eight 20-minute weekly sessions of virtual reality therapy, and the second experimental group underwent eight weekly 45-minute sessions based on the Kabat-Zin training package (1990 and 2013), but for the control group no interventions were performed. The participants responded to the occupational stress questionnaire of the Health and Safety Institute of England Steinmetz (HSE) (1990) in three stages. The research data were analyzed with analysis of covariance and Bonferroni's post hoc test and using SPSS23 statistical software at two descriptive and inferential levels.
 Results: The results of covariance analysis and Bonferroni's post hoc test indicated that both intervention methods equally and effectively reduced occupational stress in the fields of role, communication, support of colleagues, changes in employees, and the effect of both interventions remained stable over time (P<0.01). Although both methods of intervention reduced the pressure and job stress of employees, and the components of stress include support, control, and demand from officials, and its effect remained constant over time, virtual reality treatment was more effective in both stages (P>0.05).
Conclusion: The results showed that virtual reality courses and stress reduction based on mindfulness can reduce the tensions and job stress of personnel and employees of organizations.