Occupational Medicine Quarterly Journal
فصلنامه علمی تخصصی طب کار
tkj
Medical Sciences
http://tkj.ssu.ac.ir
1
admin
2251-7189
2251-8274
8
7
14
8888
13
fa
jalali
1404
8
1
gregorian
2025
11
1
17
3
online
1
fulltext
fa
طبقهبندی ریسک آتشسوزی و انفجار با استفاده از استاندارد MIL-STD-882E و تکنیکهای PHL و PHA و تحلیل یک حادثه موردی
Fire and explosion risk classification using MIL-STD-882E standard and PHL and PHA techniques and analysis of a case study incident
ایمنی و حوادث ناشی از کار
Safety and occupational accidents
پژوهشي
Research
<span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="line-height:107%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">مقدمه:</span></span></span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> صنایع فرآیندی همواره با ریسک حوادث فاجعهباری از قبیل آتشسوزی و انفجار همراه بوده است. لذا چارچوبی تلفیقی برای شناسایی، تحلیل و طبقهبندی ریسکهای آتشسوزی و انفجار با استفاده از فهرست و تحلیل مقدماتی خطر</span></span></span> <span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%">(</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%">PHL & PHA</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%">) </span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> به همراه استاندارد</span></span></span> <span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%">MIL</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%">-</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%">STD</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%">-</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%">882E</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ارائه شد</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%">.</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:"B Nazanin""></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="line-height:107%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">روش بررسی</span></span></span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">: ابتدا تیم تحلیل تشکیل و توصیف سیستم انجام شد. سپس یک حادثه آتشسوزی واقعی در واحد</span></span></span> <span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%">HDPE</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">پتروشیمی بهعنوان مطالعه موردی انتخاب و با دادههای عملیاتی، مصاحبه با کارشناسان و مستندات فنی علل ریشهای شناسایی گردید. با بهرهگیری از جداول شدت و احتمال تکنیک</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span cambria="" style="font-family:"></span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">های</span></span></span> <span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%">PHL</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">و</span></span></span> <span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%">PHA</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">و ماتریس ریسک</span></span></span> <span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%">MIL</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%">-</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%">STD</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%">-</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%">882E</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">، سطح ریسک برای هر سناریو تعیین و پیشنهادات اصلاحی ارائه شد</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%">.</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:"B Nazanin""></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="line-height:107%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">نتایج:</span></span></span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> نتایج مطالعه نشان داد 8 وضعیت مخاطرهآمیز میتواند ریسک انفجار و آتش</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span cambria="" style="font-family:"></span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">سوزی را در پی داشته باشد. انفجار راکتورها و حریق سانتریفیوژ در اولین سطح کنترلی مطالعه با درصد 25 قرار گرفت که میتواند ناشی از نقص فنی در کنترل ولوها </span></span></span> <span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%">TICI4</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">باشد</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> که دارای سطح ریسک 1</span></span></span> <span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%">D</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">بود و مطابق با ماتریس سطح جدی به خود اختصاص داد. آمادهسازی لیست</span></span></span> <span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%">PSV</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ها</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> و چک دوره</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span cambria="" style="font-family:">¬</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ای آن</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span cambria="" style="font-family:">¬</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ها میتواند سطح ریسک را تا حد قابل قبولی کاهش دهد. همچنین پیامدهای احتمالی غالباً ناشی از ضعف در ایزولهسازی، نقص در مجوزهای کار و سهلانگاریهای انسانی هستند</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%">.</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:"B Nazanin""></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="line-height:107%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">نتیجهگیری:</span></span></span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> اقدامات کنترلی و پیشگیرانه متناسب با سطح ریسک ارائه شد. یافتهها نشان میدهد ترکیب</span></span></span> <span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%">PHA</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">و</span></span></span> <span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%">PHL</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">با چارچوب طبقهبندی ریسک استاندارد میتواند به بهبود تصمیمگیریهای ایمنی و کاهش خطرات در صنایع پر ریسک کمک کند</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%">.</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:"B Nazanin""></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
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<span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="line-height:107%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:"B Nazanin""></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>
<span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><i><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%">Introduction: </span></span></i></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%">Process industries are inherently associated with the risk of catastrophic events such as fires and explosions. An integrated framework was created to identify analyze, and classify fire and explosion risks utilizing Preliminary Hazard List (PHL) and Preliminary Hazard Analysis (PHA) techniques along with the MIL-STD-882E risk assessment standard. </span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><i><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%">Materials and Methods:</span></span></i></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"> Initially, an analysis team was established and a system description was conducted. A real fire incident in the HDPE unit of a petrochemical plant was then selected as a case study. The underlying causes were identified through operational data, expert interviews, and technical documents. Using severity and probability tables from PHL and PHA methods, along with the MIL-STD-882E risk matrix, the risk level for each scenario was determined and corrective recommendations were proposed</span></span><b><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:"B Nazanin""></span></span></span></b></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><i><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%">Results: </span></span></i></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%">The findings revealed that eight hazardous conditions could possibly result in fire and explosion risks. Reactor explosions and centrifuge fires were identified in the initial control level of the study, accounting for 25%, linked to technical failures in control valves (TICI4). This scenario was assigned a risk level of 1D, classified as serious per the matrix. Compiling a comprehensive list of Pressure Safety Valves (PSVs) and implementing periodic inspections could significantly reduce the associated risk level. Moreover, the predominant consequences were mainly associated with deficiencies in isolation procedures, weaknesses in permit-to-work systems, and mistakes made by individuals.<b><i></i></b></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><i><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%">Conclusion: </span></span></i></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%">Control and preventive measures proportional to the identified risk levels were recommended. The results demonstrate that combining PHA and PHL techniques with the MIL-STD-882E risk classification framework can enhance safety-related decision-making and mitigate hazards in high-risk process industries.</span></span></span></span></span><br>
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<span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"></span></span></span></span></span>
واژههای کلیدی: استاندارد MIL-STD-882E, تحلیل حادثه, ریسک, پتروشیمی, تحلیل مقدماتی خطر(PHA)
MIL-STD-882E, Accident analysis, Risk, Petrochemical, Preliminary Hazard Analysis (PHA)
11
25
http://tkj.ssu.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1400-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1
Mina
Sharifipour
مینا
شریفی پور
mina.sharifipour@iau.ac.ir