<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<XML>
<JOURNAL>
<YEAR>1395</YEAR>
<VOL>8</VOL>
<NO>1</NO>
<MOSALSAL>22</MOSALSAL>
<PAGE_NO>87</PAGE_NO>


<ARTICLES>

	<ARTICLE> 
		<TitleF>پیش‌بینی کیفیت زندگی مرتبط با سلامتی بر اساس ناگویی خلقی، سبک‌های دلبستگی وحمایت اجتماعی ادراک شده در زنان نابارور</TitleF>
		<TitleE>Prediction of Health-related Life Quality Based on Alexitmia, Attachment Styles, and Perceived Social Support in Infertile</TitleE>
		<TitleLang_ID>1</TitleLang_ID>
		<ABSTRACTS>
			<ABSTRACT>
			<Language_ID>1</Language_ID>
			<CONTENT>مقدمه: این مطالعه با هدف پیش&#8204;بینی کیفیت زندگی مرتبط با سلامتی بر اساس ناگویی خلقی، سبک&#8204;های دلبستگی و حمایت اجتماعی ادراک شده در زنان نابارور انجام شد.

روش بررسی: جامعه مورد بررسی در این مطالعه را کلیه زنان مبتلا به ناباروری تشکیل می&#8204;دهند. بدین منظور تعداد 74 زن مبتلا به ناباروری بر اساس فرمول انتخاب حجم نمونه در تحقیقات همبستگی به روش نمونه&#8204;گیری در دسترس، از مرکز ناباروری علوم تولید مثل شهر یزد انتخاب شدند و در این پژوهش شرکت کردند. افراد گروه نمونه پرسشنامه&#8204;های حمایت اجتماعی ادراک شده چند وجهی، دلبستگی بزرگسالان هازن و شیور، ناگویی خلقی TAS، پرسشنامه کیفیت زندگی WHO را تکمیل کردند. در نهایت اطلاعات جمع&#8204;آوری شده به&#8204;وسیله پرسشنامه، توسط نرم&#8204;افزار SPSS و با استفاده از روش آماری همبستگی پیرسون و رگرسیون چند متغیره تجزیه و تحلیل شد.

نتایج: یافته&#8204;های حاصل نشان داد بین ناگویی خلقی در زنان مبتلا به ناباروری و کیفیت زندگی مرتبط با سلامتی، رابطه معنی&#8204;دار وجود دارد بین سبک دلبستگی اجتنابی و دوسوگرا با ابعاد کیفیت زندگی، رابطه منفی و بین سبک دلبستگی ایمن و ابعاد کیفیت زندگی، رابطه مثبت و معنی&#8204;دار وجود دارد و بین حمایت اجتماعی ادراک شده در زنان مبتلا به ناباروری و کیفیت زندگی مرتبط با سلامتی نیز رابطه معنی&#8204;دار وجود دارد.

نتیجه&#8204;گیری: نتایج این مطالعه نشان می&#8204;دهد ناگویی خلقی، دلبستگی ایمن و حمایت ادراک شده از جانب خانواده با کیفیت زندگی زنان مبتلا به ناباروری رابطه مثبت و معنی&#8204;دار دارد.</CONTENT>
			</ABSTRACT>
			<ABSTRACT>
			<Language_ID>2</Language_ID>
			<CONTENT>Introduction: The aim of the present research is to predict the quality of life of the women suffering from infertility regarding their health based on alexithymia, attachment styles, and the perceived social support.

Methods: The studied population included all the unfertile women. Therefore, 74 women suffering from infertility were selected through convenience sampling method based on the sample size selection formula in correlation studies from the Infertility Center and Reproduction Sciences of Yazd. The participants filled out the filled out the Multidimentional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), Hazan and Shaver&#8217;s Adult Attachment Questionnaire, TAS Alexithymia Questionnaire, and WHO Quality of Life Questionnaire. The data collected were finally analyzed by SPSS software and through using Pearson correlation statistical method and multiple regression.

Results: The findings indicated that there was a significant relationship between alexithymia and the health-related life quality in infertile women. There was a negative correlation between avoidant/ambivalent attachment styles and the aspects of quality of life. There is also a positive correlation and a significant relationship between secure attachment style and the aspects of quality of life. A significant relationship was found between perceived social support of women suffering from infertility and their quality of life related to health.

Conclusion: It was concluded that there was a positive and significant relationship between alexithymia, secure attachment, and the perceived family support and the quality of life of infertile women.</CONTENT>
			</ABSTRACT>
		</ABSTRACTS>

		<PAGES>
			<PAGE>
			<FPAGE>1</FPAGE>
			<TPAGE>9</TPAGE>
			</PAGE>
		</PAGES>

		<RECEIVE_DATE>
			2016/01/5
		</RECEIVE_DATE>

		<RECEIVE_DATE_FA>
			1394/10/15
		</RECEIVE_DATE_FA>

		<ACCEPT_DATE>
			2016/06/25
		</ACCEPT_DATE>

		<ACCEPT_DATE_FA>
			1395/4/5
		</ACCEPT_DATE_FA>

		<AUTHORS>
			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>ناهید</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>عباسی زاده</Family>
				<NameE>N</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>abbasizade</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد کرج</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country>Iran</Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email>nahidabbasizade@yahoo.com</Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>

			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>مریم</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>بهرامی هیدجی</Family>
				<NameE>M</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Bahrami</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد کرج</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country>Iran</Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email>bahrami_h3@yahoo.com</Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>

			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>سید مجتبی</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>یاسینی اردکانی</Family>
				<NameE>SM</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>yassini Ardekani</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد کرج</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country>Iran</Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email>smya1960@gmail.com</Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>
		</AUTHORS>


		<KEYWORDS>
			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Perceived Social Support</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Attachment Style</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Alexithymia</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Quality of Life</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>حمایت اجتماعی ادراک شده</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>سبک دلبستگی</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>ناگویی خلقی</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>کیفیت زندگی</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>
		</KEYWORDS>

		<REFRENCES>
			<REFRENCE>
				<REF>1-	Schwerdtfeger, K. L., Shreffler, K. M. Trauma of Pregnancy Loss and Infertility for Mothers and Involuntarily Childless Women in the Contemporary United States. J Loss Trauma, 2009; 56(8):520-614 (3), 211-227.##2-	 Saraiya M, Berg CJ, Shulman H, Green CA, Atrash HK. Estimates of the annual number of clinically recognized pregnancies in the United States, 1981–1991. American Journal of Epidemiology. 1999; 149(5):1025–1029.##3-	 Akhoondi r. Climbing statistics for infertility, Journal of Economics.2012; 2564(10), 22-34.(Persian)  ##4-	 Mindesa EJ, Ingrama KM, Kliewera W, Jamesb CA. Longitudinal analyses of the relationship between longitudinal analyses of the relationship between unsupportive social interactions and psychological adjustment among women with fertility problems. Social Science &amp; Medicine; 2003; 56(7): 2165-2180.##5-	 Chen, T. H., Chang, S. P., Tsai, C. F., &amp; Juang, K. D. Prevalence of depressive and anxiety disorders in an assisted reproductive technique clinic. Human Reproduction. 2004; 19(10): 2313–2318.##6-	 Nilforooshan, Parisa. Latifi, Venus. Abedi, Mohammad Reza. Ahmadi, Seyyed Ahmad. Comparison of quality of life and its various dimensions in fertile and infertile women, behavior science research journal2006; 30(4), 66-70 (Persian)##7-	 Van den Akker, O. B. Psychosocial aspects of surrogate motherhood. Hum Reprod Update, 2007; 13(1), 53-62.##8-	 Lal Joshi H, Singh R, Bindu. Psychological distress coping and subjective wellbeing among infertile women. Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology, 2009; 35(6): 329-336.##9-	 Hatameloo sadabadi,. - Manijeh . Hashemi Nosrat Abadi. Tooraj, comparing the mental welfare of the marital satisfaction and fitted in a group of Tabriz city, fertile and infertile women, Journal of reproduction &amp; infertility، 2012;  15(1), 20-31. (Persian)##10-	 Souter, V.L.; Hopton, J.L.; Penney, G.C. &amp; Templeton, A.A. Survey of Psychological health in women with infertility, Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2002; 22(4), 41-9.##11-	 Besharat, Mohammad Ali. The role of psychological conciliation with the couple on attachment style, infertility, infertility and fertility journal, 2000; 23(4), 17-25. (Persian)##12-	Hatami, javad , khorShidy, Mohammad Mehdi. Bahrami Ehsan, conductor. Rahimi,Hadi, Seyyed Ali Sina. Hatami , Amir jalal The role of processing levels and mood are consistent in recognizing the emotional words of mood in people, Journal of applied psychology, 2013; 25(1), 69-83. (Persian)##13-	 Besharat Mohammad Ali.The style of attachment and emotional failures, Journal of psychological research, 2009; 24(12), 63-80. (Persian)## ## ##</REF>
			</REFRENCE>
		</REFRENCES>

	</ARTICLE>


	<ARTICLE> 
		<TitleF>بررسی فعالیت الکتریکی عضلات کاربران در حین کلاچ‌گیری به روش الکترومیوگرافی در تراکتورهای متداول ایران  </TitleF>
		<TitleE>Study on the Muscle Electrical Activity of Drivers during Clutching Using Electromyography Method in Iranian Common Tractors</TitleE>
		<TitleLang_ID>1</TitleLang_ID>
		<ABSTRACTS>
			<ABSTRACT>
			<Language_ID>1</Language_ID>
			<CONTENT>مقدمه: با توجه به شرایط نامناسب کاری کاربران ماشین&#8204;های کشاورزی، انجام مطالعاتی با هدف بهبود وضعیت ارگونومیک کار با این ماشین&#8204;ها ضروری است. بر این اساس، هدف از این مطالعه، مقایسه ارگونومیک کلاچ تراکتورهای MF285 و MF399 با ثبت فعالیت الکتریکی عضلات به روش الکترومیوگرافی بود.

روش بررسی: تعداد افراد مورد بررسی 25 نفر می&#8204;باشد. عضلات مورد بررسی نیز، شش عضله دوقلو داخلی، دوقلو خارجی، پهن داخلی، پهن خارجی، کوادراتوس لومباروم و تراپزیوس بودند. فعالیت الکتریکی عضلات در فواصل زمانی 30 ثانیه قبل از کلاچ&#8204;گیری، در طی 60 ثانیه کلاچ&#8204;گیری و 60 ثانیه استراحت پس از کلاچ&#8204;گیری، ثبت شدند.

نتایج: نتایج نشان داد که عضلات پهن داخلی و دو قلو داخلی با نسبت RMS فعالیت الکتریکی در طی 60 ثانیه کلاچ&#8204;گیری نسبت به قبل از آن، به&#8204;ترتیب 16/6 و 82/2 تحت تنش بیشتری در هنگام کلاچ&#8204;گیری تراکتور MF285 قرار گرفتند. عضله&#8204;های پهن داخلی و دوقلو خارجی نیز در هنگام کلاچ&#8204;گیری تراکتور MF399 تحت تنش بیشتری قرار داشتند. در تمامی عضلات، غیر از عضله دو قلو خارجی، نسبت فعالیت الکتریکی عضلات در هنگام کلاچ&#8204;گیری تراکتور MF285 بیشتر از تراکتور MF399 بود.

نتیجه&#8204;گیری: در نتیجه، کاربران تراکتور MF285 و به&#8204;طور کلی دو عضله پهن داخلی و دو قلو داخلی، در هنگام کلاچ&#8204;گیری تحت تنش بیشتری قرار گرفتند. همچنین این دو عضله در مدت زمان طولانی&#8204;تری پس از کلاچ&#8204;گیری نسبت به سایر عضلات به حالت ریکاوری بازگشتند.</CONTENT>
			</ABSTRACT>
			<ABSTRACT>
			<Language_ID>2</Language_ID>
			<CONTENT>Introduction: Due to the poor working conditions of agricultural equipment operators, it needs to perform studies to improve the ergonomic working conditions with these machines. Accordingly, the aim of this study was an ergonomic comparison of clutching of MF285 and MF399 tractors by muscle electromyography method.

Methods: 25 persons were selected for this experiment. Investigations were performed on six muscles including: Medial gastrocnemius, Lateral gastrocnemius, Vastus medialis, Vastus lateralis, Quadratus Lumborum and Trapezius. Measurements were performed for each person on each muscle in 30 seconds before the clutching, during 60 seconds while clutching and 60 seconds of rest after clutching.

Results: The results revealed that the highest RMS electrical activity after 60 seconds clutching compared to before clutching of MF285 tractors belonged to Vastus medialis(6.16) and Medial gastrocnemius (2.82), respectively. During clutching of MF399 tractor, vestus medialis and lateral gastrocnemius muscles had the highest tension. For all muscles except Lateral gastrocnemius, RMS electrical activity ratio during clutching of MF285 tractor were higher than MF399 tractor.

Conclusions: As a consequence during clutching, MF285 tractor operators of had high stress in own muscles. Generally, two muscles of Vastus medialis and Medial gastrocnemius were under more stress during clutching. Also, these two muscles got back into recovery mode in longer period of time compared to the other muscles after clutching.</CONTENT>
			</ABSTRACT>
		</ABSTRACTS>

		<PAGES>
			<PAGE>
			<FPAGE>10</FPAGE>
			<TPAGE>19</TPAGE>
			</PAGE>
		</PAGES>

		<RECEIVE_DATE>
			2016/01/52014/08/2
		</RECEIVE_DATE>

		<RECEIVE_DATE_FA>
			1393/5/11
		</RECEIVE_DATE_FA>

		<ACCEPT_DATE>
			2016/06/252016/06/29
		</ACCEPT_DATE>

		<ACCEPT_DATE_FA>
			1395/4/9
		</ACCEPT_DATE_FA>

		<AUTHORS>
			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>امین</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>نیکخواه</Family>
				<NameE>A</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Nikkhah</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country>Iran</Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email></Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>

			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>باقر</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>عمادی</Family>
				<NameE>B</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Emadi</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country>Iran</Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email></Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>

			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>مهدی</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>خجسته پور</Family>
				<NameE>M</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Khojastehpour</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country>Iran</Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email></Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>

			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>سیدرضا</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>عطارزاده حسینی</Family>
				<NameE>SR</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Attarzadeh Hossini</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country>Iran</Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email></Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>

			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>مهدی</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>مهجور</Family>
				<NameE>M</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Mahjur</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country>Iran</Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email></Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>
		</AUTHORS>


		<KEYWORDS>
			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Ergonomic</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Muscle</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Tractor</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>RMS ratio</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>ارگونومیک</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>عضله</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>تراکتور و نسبت RMS</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>
		</KEYWORDS>

		<REFRENCES>
			<REFRENCE>
				<REF>1.	International Labour Office (ILO). Ergonomic checkpoints in agriculture, Prepared by the International Labour Office in collaboration with the International Ergonomics Association. Geneva, 2012. Available from http://www.ilo.org/##2.	Almassi M, Kiani S, loiemi. N. 2008. Principles of agricultural mechanization. Forest publications. [Persian]##3.	Fathallah FA. Musculoskeletal disorders in labor-intensive agriculture. Applied Ergonomics, 2010; 41(6): 738-743. ##4.	Dewangan KN, Gogoi G, Owary C, Gorate DU. Isometric muscle strength of male agricultural workers of India and the design of tractor controls. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics 2010; 40: 484-491.##5.	Nikkhah A, Khojastehpour M, Emadi B, Taheri-Rad A, Khorramdel S. Environmental impacts of peanut production system using life cycle assessment methodology. J Clean Prod. 2015 doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.12.048  ##6.	Nikkhah A, Kougir-Chegini Z, Kosari-Moghadam A, Payman SH. Musculoskeletal disorders, energy use and costs of human labor in Rice farming in Guilan Province. The 8th National Congress on Agr. Machinery Eng. (Biosystem) &amp; Mechanization, 29-31 January, Mashhad, Iran 2014. [Persian]##7.	Falahi H, Abbaspour-Fard MH, Azhari A, Khojastehpour M, Nikkhah A. Comparison of applied forces on selective joints and muscles of drivers during clutching of MF285 and MF399 tractors. Journal of Agricultural Machinery. 2015; 5 (1) (In press).##8.	Bovenzi M, Betta A. 1994. Low-back disorders in agricultural tractor drivers exposed to whole-body vibration and postural stress. Applied Ergonomics.1994; 25(4): 231-241.##9.	Rossi D, Bertoloni E, Fenaroli M, Marciano F, Alberti M. 2013. A multi-criteria ergonomic and performance methodology for evaluating alternatives in “manuable” material handling. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics 2013; 43: 314-327.##10.	Furniss D, Masci P, Curzon P, Mayer A, Blandford A. 2014. Themes for guiding situated ergonomic assessments of medical devices: A case study of an inpatient glucometer. Applied Ergonomics 2014; 45(6); 1668–1677.##11.	Weisner K, Deuse J. Assessment methodology to design an ergonomic and sustainable order picking system using motion capturing systems. Procedia CIRP. 2014; 17: 422-427.##12.	Attarzadeh-Hosseini SR, ebrahimi. A, Gharakhanloo R, Rajabi H. Angles of Knee; Closed Kinetic Chain; Fatigue-electrical activity ratio of VMO &amp; VL; Patellofemoral Pain Syndrom. Harkat. 2003; 17(17): 5-24. ##13.	Dehghan N, Choobineh A, Razeghi M, Hasanzadeh J, Irandoost M. 2014. Designing a New Computer Mouse and Evaluating Some of Its Functional Parameters. Journal of Research in Health Sciences. 2014. (In press).##14.	Jaworowska A, Bazylak G. An outbreak of body weight dissatisfaction associated with self-perceived BMI and dieting among female pharmacy students. Biomedicine &amp; Pharmacotherapy 2009; 63: 679-692. ##15.	Bull M.L, Vitti M, De-Freitas V. Electromyographic study of the trapezius (pars superior) and serratus anterior (pars inferior) muscles in free movements of the shoulder. Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol 1989; 29: 119-125.##16.	Kendall FP, McCreary EK, Provance PG. Muscle testing &amp; function. Baltimore: Williams &amp; Wilkins. 1993. ##17.	Simons DG, Travell JG, Simons LS. Travell &amp; Simons my facial pain &amp; dysfunction: the trigger point manual, 1996. Vol. 1, Ed 2. Baltomore. Williams &amp; Wilkins.##18.	 http: //seniam.org/sensor_location.htm ##19.	Agriculture Jihad Mechanization Development Center (AJMDC). 2012. Available on http://www.ajmdc.ir [Persian] ##20.	Iran Tractor Manufacturing Company, 2012. Available from http://www.itm.co.ir/ ##21.	Pheasant ST, Harris CM. 1982. Human strength in the operation of tractor pedals. Ergonomics 1982; 25: 53-63.##22.	Wang X, Pannetier R, Burra N, Numa J. A biomechanical approach for evaluating motion related discomfort: Illustration by an Application to Pedal Clutching Movement. Pages 210-219 in Duffy V, ed. Digital Human Modeling, 2011: vol. 6777 Springer Berlin Heidelberg.## ##</REF>
			</REFRENCE>
		</REFRENCES>

	</ARTICLE>


	<ARTICLE> 
		<TitleF>بررسی تأثیر آموزش بر کد ارزیابی ریسک به روش تجزیه و تحلیل ایمنی شغلی کمی شده در یکی از واحدهای شرکت تولید سیمان</TitleF>
		<TitleE>The effect of training on Risk Assessment Code with the method of Quantified Job Safety Analysis in one of the Units of Cement Production Plant</TitleE>
		<TitleLang_ID>1</TitleLang_ID>
		<ABSTRACTS>
			<ABSTRACT>
			<Language_ID>1</Language_ID>
			<CONTENT>&#160;

مقدمه: با تغییر تکنولوژی و کاربری مواد و ماشین آلات جدید و به تبع آن افزایش حوادث و جراحات شغلی در صنایع مختلف، لزوم انجام آنالیز ایمنی شغلی، همراه با ارائه آموزش&#8204;ها و دستورالعمل&#8204;های اجرایی مشخص می&#8204;شود. هدف از این تحقیق، بررسی تاثیر آموزش بر کد ارزیابی ریسک در واحد بارگیرخانه شرکت تولید سیمان با بهره گرفتن از تکنیک آنالیز ایمنی شغلی کمی شده می&#8204;باشد.

روش بررسی: این مطالعه مقطعی از نوع مداخله&#8204;ای بر روی 10 شغل در واحد بارگیرخانه شرکت تولید سیمان صورت گرفت. پس از مشخص نمودن مشاغل و دسته&#8204;بندی خطرات بوسیله آنالیز ایمنی شغلی (JSA)، شدت و احتمال ریسک از جداول مخصوص استاندارد MIL-STD-E882(ویرایش پنجم)، استخراج و کد ارزیابی ریسک اولیه (RAC1) محاسبه شد. با توجه به جداولJSA، نیازسنجی آموزشی مشاغل، انجام و برنامه آموزشی به همراه دستورالعمل ایمن کار، برای صاحبین مشاغل ارائه شد، سپس کد ارزیابی ریسک ثانویه (RAC2) محاسبه گردید.

نتایج: بطور کلی در مجموع 10 شغل مورد بررسی، 119 ریسک شناسایی شد که 33/53 درصد در محدوده ریسک قابل قبول، 5/22 درصد در محدوده پایین&#8204;ترین حدود ریسک قابل قبول(ALARP) و 17/24 درصد در محدوده غیر قابل قبول قرار گرفتند. این ریسک&#8204;ها بعد از انجام مداخله به 69 درصد در محدوده ریسک قابل قبول و 31 درصد در محدوده پایین&#8204;ترین حدود ریسک قابل قبول تغییر یافت.

نتیجه&#8204;گیری: انتظار می&#8204;رود متصدیان ایمنی و بهداشت شغلی ضمن برگزاری دوره&#8204;های بازآموزی و آموزش پرسنل برای انجام کار به روش ایمن، در جهت کاهش میزان حوادث و کنترل خطرات گام بردارند.</CONTENT>
			</ABSTRACT>
			<ABSTRACT>
			<Language_ID>2</Language_ID>
			<CONTENT>Introduction: Technology updates and the arrival of new machines have caused occurrence of many injuries and job deaths in industries. In any job, technical controlling practices accompanied by trainings and executive instructions can be implemented after doing job safety analysis. The aim of this study is the investigating the effect of training on risk assessment code in a load house of cement production plant with a technique of quantified job safety analysis.

Methods: The study was a before and after study with an interference by safety training program that has performed on ten jobs in a load house of the cement production plant. In this investigation, after determining jobs and grouping hazards in job safety analysis (JSA) table, rate and probability of risk are extracted from particular tables that are translation of standard MIL-STD-882E tables (5th edition) and the initial risk assessment code (RAC1) was calculated. According to JSA tables, training requirement of jobs was done and training program was determined and it was presented despite of safety job instruction for job owners, and then secondary risk assessment code (RAC2) was determined.

Results: Totally, 119 risks were detected in ten investigated jobs. From these, %53.33 in the acceptable risk range, %22.5 in the lowest acceptable risk limit range and %24.17 in unacceptable range were laid. The risk rate (%) was changed to %69 in acceptable risk range and %31 in the lowest acceptable risk limit range after doing interfering.

Conclusions: This study showed that decreasing rate of incidents and hazard controlling in workplaces can be achieved by perform training courses and relearning programs.</CONTENT>
			</ABSTRACT>
		</ABSTRACTS>

		<PAGES>
			<PAGE>
			<FPAGE>20</FPAGE>
			<TPAGE>33</TPAGE>
			</PAGE>
		</PAGES>

		<RECEIVE_DATE>
			2016/01/52014/08/22014/03/4
		</RECEIVE_DATE>

		<RECEIVE_DATE_FA>
			1392/12/13
		</RECEIVE_DATE_FA>

		<ACCEPT_DATE>
			2016/06/252016/06/292014/07/5
		</ACCEPT_DATE>

		<ACCEPT_DATE_FA>
			1393/4/14
		</ACCEPT_DATE_FA>

		<AUTHORS>
			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>غلامحسین</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>حلوانی</Family>
				<NameE>gholamhoseyn</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>halvai</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country>Iran</Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email>Halvani39@gmail.com</Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>

			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>جواد</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>رادپور</Family>
				<NameE>javad</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>radpour</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country>Iran</Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email>j_radpour@yahoo.com</Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>

			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>اسماعیل</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>شجاع</Family>
				<NameE>Esmaeil</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Shoja</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>دانشگاه علوم پزشکی خراسان شمالی</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country>Iran</Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email>shoja.esmaeil@gmail.com</Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>

			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>صالح</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>غلامی ارجنکی</Family>
				<NameE>saleh</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>ghollami arjanaki</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country>Iran</Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email>salehgholami1585@yahoo.com</Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>

			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>یحیی</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>خلیفه</Family>
				<NameE>yahya</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>khalifeh</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country>Iran</Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email>yahyakhalifeh@ymail.com</Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>
		</AUTHORS>


		<KEYWORDS>
			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Risk Assessment</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Job Safety Analysis (JSA)</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Risk Assessment Code (RAC)</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Safety training programs</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>ارزیابی ریسک</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>آنالیز ایمنی شغلی (JSA)</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>کد ارزیابی ریسک(RAC)</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>برنامه های آموزش ایمنی</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>
		</KEYWORDS>

		<REFRENCES>
			<REFRENCE>
				<REF>Lennart F, Drawings G. Safety health and working conditions. First edition. Tiba Tryck AB publish; 1987. ##2- Yousefi M., Farshad A.A., Arghami SH. Evaluation and identification of hazards for employees in oil exploration seismic operations with JSA method. Iran Occupational Health Journal. 2007; 3(4):39-45. ##3- Harm.R L. safety analysis for accident prevention. Second Edition. IRS Riskhantering AB publish; 2005.##4- Halvani GH. Industrial safety 1, Asare Sobhan publisher, .1389:20.##5- Najafi, Evaluation of safety in a refrigerator and safe solutions for different jobs, Thesis for Master's degree, Tehran University of Medical Science, Department of Health,1381. ##6- Yousefi HA. Integrated Management System In Health And Environment (HSE), Fanavaran.##7- Choubineh AR, Occupational Health General, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, 1385; Second edition, p424. ##8- Ebrahimypour A. Evaluation of Risk der one distillery Refinery BANDAR ABBAS, pdf, Position of the first international conference on industrial safety, health and environmental Occupational in organizations, Esfahan, spring 1387.##9- Takala J. Global Estimates of Fatal Occupational Accidents, pdf, September 1999; 10(5):640.##10- Manuele FA, Advanced Safety Management Focusing on Z10 and Serious Injury Prevention, 2008: 63.##11- Hoseyni Human Error Engineering, a Fanavaran, 1389; 1:16.##12- Lahijaniyan Safety Systems, Iran University of Science and Technology, 1379: 8.##13- Kiyani. Effectiveness of safety training on employee attitudes towards safety issues and dimensions: A pathological study. Journal of Public Health and Institute of Health Research, summer 1390; 9(2).##14- Abrams AL. JSA Task Training to Reduce Workplace Accidents. Pdf.##15- Vorster M., 2008. Dig deep for safety. Construction equipment, 111(7), pp. 44-45. ##16- Dave M., 2008. Watch out: the important of protecting your eyes in the industrial workplace. Occupational Hazard, 70(10), pp.23-26. ##17- Diberardinis L.J., 1999. Handbook of occupational safety and health, 2nded.John Wiley and Sons, New York. ##18- Mohammadfam. Safety techniques and safety analysis Fanavaran .1388; Second edition: 6.##19- Jafary. Job safety analysis of the oil companies, pdf, Position of the first international conference on industrial safety, health and environmental Occupational in organizations, Esfahan, Ordibehesht 1387.##20- Alishahi. Evaluation of safety in hazardous occupations Tehran refinery to the &quot;safety analysis&quot; and its impact on workers' perceptions of the risks of occupational Thesis for Master's degree, Shahid Beheshty University of Medical Sciences, Department of Health1385. ##21- Show RLL. Job analysis what it is and how it is used, pdf.##22- Emamipor. Prevention of work-related accidents through job safety analysis (JSA).##23- Singh P, Job analysis for a changing workplace, pdf, Human Resource Management Review 2008; 18: 87, 3.##24- Activity Hazard Analysis (AHA) (how to prepare an AHA), pdf, 9 August 2010; 003-13##25- Nasiry P, Alizadeh SH, Gholbabaei F, Shahtaheri S.J. Identify and evaluate existing or potential hazards in a manufacturing company using job safety analysis. Environmental Science and Technology. 85; 8(5): 77-88##26- Khoshakhlagh A. &quot;The survey of effectiveness rate of procedures on risk assessment code by FMEA - JSA method at unit of implementation plans of Yazd Gas Agency.&quot; Thesis for Master's degree, Department of Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of medical sciences, 1392.##27- Ramsay J. Identifying nursing hazards in the emergency department a new approach to nursing jha pdf. J Safety Res 2006; 37(1): 63-74.##28- Hasheminejad N, Halvani GH, Moghadasi M, Zolala F, Shafiezadeh M. Risk assessment and determine, performance indicators for safety in the design and construction of the Bafgh agglomeration project. Occupational Med Quarter J 92; 4(4): 63-74[Persian].##29- Loukzadeh Z, Torab Jahromi M. Occupational hazards in welding industry. Tkj. 2013; 5 (3):95-114##30- Khalil GM. Job Hazards Analysis among a Group of Surgeons at Zagazig University Hospitals a Risk Management Approach, pdf. Dec 2009; 2(2) [Persian].##31- Rozenfeld O. Construction Job Safety Analysis, pdf. Safety Science 2010; 48: 491-98.#### ##</REF>
			</REFRENCE>
		</REFRENCES>

	</ARTICLE>


	<ARTICLE> 
		<TitleF>کاربرد  GISو نقشه‌های هم‌ تراز آلودگی ناشی از گرد و غبار در محیط کار با هدف ارزیابی مواجهات استنشاقی</TitleF>
		<TitleE>Application of GIS and Alignment Maps of Dust Pollution in the Workplace in Order to Evaluate the Inhalation Exposures</TitleE>
		<TitleLang_ID>1</TitleLang_ID>
		<ABSTRACTS>
			<ABSTRACT>
			<Language_ID>1</Language_ID>
			<CONTENT>مقدمه: مواجهه گرد و غبار در هوای تنفسی، از جمله عوامل زیان&#8204;آور شایع محیطی در کارگاه&#8204;ها بوده که می&#8204;تواند تاثیرات مخربی بر سلامت داشته باشد. در این مطالعه، مواجهه کارگران با ذرات در هوای استنشاقی با شیوه&#8204;های مرسوم و همچنین GIS مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است.

روش بررسی: پژوهش به&#8204;صورت مقطعی-تحلیلی، انجام و حجم نمونه از طریق گروه&#8204;های مواجهه همگن(SEG) تعیین و ارزیابی مواجهه محیطی و فردی بر اساس روش&#8204;های استاندارد و شیوه نمونه&#8204;برداری فردی و محیطی انجام گردید. داده&#8204;های به&#8204;دست آمده با استفاده از نرم&#8204;افزار &#160;GISبرای تعیین نقشه&#8204;های توزیع بررسی گردید.

نتایج: میانگین غلظت مواجهه با گرد و غبار برای هر فرد در گروه&#8204;های مواجهه همسان mg/m3 61/8 ارزیابی شد. بالاترین سطح مواجهه فردی در اپراتور پودرساز با مقدار &#160;mg/m313/21 و کمترین در اپراتور مفتول ریز با مقدار mg/m3 97/1 برآورد گردید. حداقل غلظت محیطی در سالن برش( mg/m305/0) و حداکثر مقدار آن در سالن پودر( mg/m322) برآورد گردید. نتایج حاصل از ارزیابی با معیارهای AIHA در تمام روش&#8204;ها نشان داد که سالن&#8204;های پودر سازی، مواد سازی و بسته&#8204;بندی بالاترین غلظت و سالن برش پایین&#8204;ترین غلظت گرد و غبار را دارد. مقایسه با روش GIS نشان داد که در شیوه مذکور، تعداد افراد بیشتری در ناحیه خطر دسته&#8204;بندی می&#8204;گردند.

نتیجه&#8204;گیری: استفاده از شیوه SEG می&#8204;تواند در ارزیابی مواجهه تنفسی در صنایع با تعداد نفرات بالا مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.GIS &#160;در غربالگری آلودگی هوای محیط کار از طریق ارائه مجموعه خدمات از جمله امکان گروه&#8204;بندی به نواحی مختلف، ایجاد گزارش بر اساس نقشه نقش مهمی ایفا می&#8204;نماید.</CONTENT>
			</ABSTRACT>
			<ABSTRACT>
			<Language_ID>2</Language_ID>
			<CONTENT>Introduction: Inhalation exposure to dust is one of the most common adverse environmental factors that can have adverse effect on the health of employees. In this study, dust inhalation exposure of workers with different methods as well as GIS was investigated.

Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was performed on the sample size based on results of homogeneous exposure groups (SEG). Environmental and personal exposure assessments were performed according to standard methods and personal and environmental sampling. The collected data were analyzed based on American industrial hygiene association (AIHA), and then analyzed by using GIS software for mapping the distribution.

Results: The average dust exposure by each individual among the workers within homogeneous exposure groups was 8.61 mg/m3. The highest exposure by each individual was 21.13 mg/m3 that belonged to pulverizer operator and the lowest was 1.97 mg/m3, which was belonged to fine wire operator. The lowest environment concentration was observed in the cutting salon (0.05 mg/m3), and the highest values found in powder salon (22 mg/m3). Exposure management based on AIHA methods showed that the powder, packing and preparation sections have the highest concentration, and cutting section has the lowest values. Exposure management based on GIS techniques showed higher number of at risk employees in comparison with common strategies.

Conclusion: Use of SEG practices in combination with GIS can enhance the quality of respiratory exposure assessment in occupational environments. GIS plays an important role in the screening of air pollution in the working environment by providing a set of services including the possibility of classification into different areas and creating a report based on the map</CONTENT>
			</ABSTRACT>
		</ABSTRACTS>

		<PAGES>
			<PAGE>
			<FPAGE>34</FPAGE>
			<TPAGE>42</TPAGE>
			</PAGE>
		</PAGES>

		<RECEIVE_DATE>
			2016/01/52014/08/22014/03/42015/02/2
		</RECEIVE_DATE>

		<RECEIVE_DATE_FA>
			1393/11/13
		</RECEIVE_DATE_FA>

		<ACCEPT_DATE>
			2016/06/252016/06/292014/07/52016/06/18
		</ACCEPT_DATE>

		<ACCEPT_DATE_FA>
			1395/3/29
		</ACCEPT_DATE_FA>

		<AUTHORS>
			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>سعیده</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>محمدی کاجی</Family>
				<NameE>S</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Mohammadi Kaji</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>گروه بهداشت حرفه ای دانشکده بهداشت دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country>Iran</Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email>palia447@yahoo.com</Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>

			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>محمدجواد</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>زارع سخویدی</Family>
				<NameE>MJ</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Zare Sakhvidi</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>گروه بهداشت حرفه ای دانشکده بهداشت دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country>Iran</Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email>mjzs63@gmail.com</Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>

			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>ابوالفضل</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>برخورداری</Family>
				<NameE>A</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Barkhordari</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>گروه بهداشت حرفه ای دانشکده بهداشت دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country>Iran</Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email>ohyazd@gmail.com</Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>

			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>مهرداد</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>مستغاثی</Family>
				<NameE>M</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Mostaghaci</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>گروه طب کار دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country>Iran</Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email>mehrdadmostaghaci@gmail.com</Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>

			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>فریبا</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>زارع سخویدی</Family>
				<NameE>F</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Zare Sakhvidi</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>گروه بهداشت حرفه ای دانشکده بهداشت دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country>Iran</Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email>fzare91@gmail.com</Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>

			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>رضا</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>قربانی</Family>
				<NameE>R</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Ghorbani</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>گروه سنجش از دور و سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی دانشگاه آزاد یزد</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country>Iran</Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email>rgh1632mis3@yahoo.com</Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>

			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>رضیه</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>سلطانی گردفرامرزی</Family>
				<NameE>R</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Soltani gerdefaramarzi</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>دانشگاه علوم پزشکی و خدمات بهداشتی درمانی شهید صدوقی یزد</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country>Iran</Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email>raziyeh_soltani@yahoo.com</Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>
		</AUTHORS>


		<KEYWORDS>
			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>GIS</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Exposure Assessment</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Air Pollution</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Occupational Health</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Interpolation</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>ارزیابی مواجهه</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>آلودگی هوا</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>بهداشت حرفه‌ای</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>درون‌یابی</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>
		</KEYWORDS>

		<REFRENCES>
			<REFRENCE>
				<REF>1- Hazrati S, RezazadehAzari M, Sadeghi H, Rahimzadeh S, Mostaed N. Dust Concentrations in an Ardabil Portland Cement Industry. J Ardabil Uni Med Sci. 2009; 9(4): 292-98.[persian]##2- Khoramzadh MR, Ghlamnya R, Rzazadhazry M, Mansour M. Evaluate workplace air, dust and its effect on pulmonary function of workers in a modern cement factory. Cement Ind Magazine 2002; 72(7): 445-56. [persian]##3- International Labour Organization (ILO): Kluwer Law International; 2011.##4- Majdi M, Rafeemanesh E, Ehteshamfa S, Fahool MJ, Masoodi S. Analyzing occupational lung disease among turquoise miners. Iran Occupational Health J 2009; 6(2): 31-7.[persian]##5- Maisonneuve N, Stevens M, Niessen ME, Steels L. NoiseTube: Measuring and mapping noise pollution with mobile phones. Information Techno Environ Engineering 2009 pp. 215-28.##6- Mohammadpour H, Najarkola SAM, Jalali M, Hosseini A. GIS-Based Noise and Hearing Loss Screening in Publishing Factory. Health Scope 2013; 2(3): 156-61.##7- MoussaviNajarkola SA, Mirzaei R. The Role of GIS in Occupational Health Practice: A New Approach. Health Scope 2013; 2(3): 116-8.##8- Atashnafas M, Atashnafas E. Application of GIS and comprehensive map of the country in the field of health. Uni Med Sci Islamic Repub Iran 2011; 8(4): 305-13. [persian]##9- Jafari H, Hassanpour S, Rahili KHorasani L, Pourahmad A. The application of geographical information system (GIS) in site selection and space place analyzes pollution and air pollution sources in the big city of Kermanshah. Environ Studies 2014; 40(1): 51-64. [persian]##10- Ranjbar A, Shakeri M. Using the capabilities of GIS (GIS) in the management of air pollution in the city of Tabriz. Geomatics 85: National Cartographic Center; 2007. [persian]##11- Golmohammadi R. Noise and Vibration Engineering. 3rd ed. Hamedan: Student Publications; 2008.##12- Mäkinen M, Kangas J, Kalliokoski P. Applicability of homogeneous exposure groups for exposure assessment in the chemical industry. Inter archives occupational environ health 2000; 73(7): 471-78.##13- NIOSH. NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods (NMAM). 4th ed. US: Department of Health and Human Services Public Health Service; 1994##14- Association AIHA. Hygienic guide series: American Industrial Hygiene Association; 1969.##15- Golbabaie F, Faghihi Zarandi A, Ebrahim Nejad P, Banshy M, Mohseni Tklv H, Shukri A, et al. Assessment of occupational exposure to the respirable fraction of cement dust and crystalline silica. Modern Rehabilitation. 2012;2(3):17-28. [persian]##16- Kvhpayy A, Golbabai F, Shah Taheri SD, Nikpey A, Farzinnia B. Evaluation of the health effects of aerosols on workers at a tile factory. Qom Uni Med Sci J 2008; 2(2): 43-8. [persian]## ##</REF>
			</REFRENCE>
		</REFRENCES>

	</ARTICLE>


	<ARTICLE> 
		<TitleF>مقایسه اثر ماساژ کوتاه‌ مدت با تمرینات تسهیل عصبی عضلانی بر درد گردن و شانه کارمندان، ناشی از نقاط ماشه‌ای میوفاشیال در عضله ذوزنقه</TitleF>
		<TitleE>Comparison of the Effect of Short-Time Massage Using Neuromuscular Facilitation Exercises (NFE) on Neck and Shoulder Pain among Employees with Myofascial Trigger Points in the Trapezoid Muscle</TitleE>
		<TitleLang_ID>1</TitleLang_ID>
		<ABSTRACTS>
			<ABSTRACT>
			<Language_ID>1</Language_ID>
			<CONTENT>مقدمه: با توجه به شیوع بالای دردهای میوفاشیال عضله ذوزنقه در کاربران کامپیوتر(کارمندان) که منجر به ناتوانی، غیبت از کار، خستگی زودرس همچنین کاهش کارایی کارمندان به&#8204;دلیل سردردهای مکرر ناشی از وجود نقاط ماشه&#8204;ای در گردن می&#8204;شود، لازم است تا به بررسی روش&#8204;های درمانی برای تسکین این دردها پرداخته شود. لذا هدف از مطالعه حاضر مقایسه اثر ماساژ کوتاه مدت با تمرینات کشش تسهیل عصبی عضلانی NFE (Neuromuscular Facilitation Exercises) بر درد گردن و شانه کارمندان دارای نقاط ماشه&#8204;ای در عضله ذوزنقه می&#8204;باشد.

روش بررسی: مطالعه به&#8204;روش کارآزمایی بالینی روی 42 بیمار(کارمندان زن و مرد علوم پزشکی مشهد) انجام گرفت. گروه مورد مطالعه شامل بیمارانی بود که علائم بالینی و معاینه فیزیکی مبنی بر وجود نقاط ماشه&#8204;ای در ناحیه گردن در آنها وجود داشت. افراد پس از مشابه&#8204;سازی از نظر سن، مدت زمان علائم و شدت درد، به&#8204;صورت تصادفی به سه گروه کنترل، گروه تجربی1(ماساژ کوتاه&#8204;مدت) و گروه تجربی2( تمرینات NFE) تقسیم شدند. مداخله درمانی روی بیماران انجام گرفت و قبل و بعد از درمان شاخص&#8204;های شدت درد، درد گردن، درد شانه، ناتوانی شانه، ناتوانی و درد شانه، بررسی شد و تغییرات در داخل گروه و بین سه گروه با استفاده از روش آماری آنوا یک طرفه مورد مقایسه قرار گرفت.

نتایج: ماساژ کوتاه&#8204;مدت و تمرینات NFE پس از یک جلسه باعث کاهش معنی&#8204;دار درد شد(05/0&#62;P). و درد گردن، درد شانه، ناتوانی شانه، ناتوانی و درد شانه به&#8204;طور معنی&#8204;داری کاهش یافت(05/0&#62;P) اما تفاوت معنی&#8204;داری بین دو گروه مشاهده نشد(05/0P&#62;).

نتیجه&#8204;گیری: به&#8204;نظر می&#8204;رسد هر دو روش ماساژ کوتاه&#8204;مدت و تمرینات NFE، اثر مشابهی در درمان درد نقاط ماشه&#8204;ای عضله ذوزنقه دارند. با توجه به تحقیقات کمی که در این زمینه انجام شده است، نیاز به مطالعات بیشتری می&#8204;باشد.</CONTENT>
			</ABSTRACT>
			<ABSTRACT>
			<Language_ID>2</Language_ID>
			<CONTENT>Introduction: According to the high incidence of myofascial pains of trapezoid muscle in the computer users (employees), which leads to disability, absence from work, early fatigue and also reducing efficiency of employees due to frequent headaches associated with trigger points in the neck area, it is important to investigate the therapeutic methods to release myofascial trigger pain. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the effect of short-time massage using neuromuscular facilitation stretching exercises (NFE) on neck and shoulder pain in the subjects with myofascial trigger points in trapezoid muscle.

Methods: This study was a clinical trial, which was conducted on 42 patients (female and male employees of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences). The studied group included the patients with clinical symptoms and physical examination of trigger points in neck area. The subjects were matched for age, duration of symptoms, and the severity of pain. Then, they were randomly divided into 3 groups. Control, experimental 1(short-time massage) and experimental 2 (NFE exercises), respectively. Pain severity, neck pain, shoulder pain, shoulder disability, and shoulder disability and pain were measured after and before of therapeutic intervention and compared in within and among the groups by One-way ANOVA statistical method.

Results: After one short-time massage therapy and NFE exercises, there was found a significant reduction in pain (P&#60;0.05). Also, the pain in neek, shoulders, and shoulder disability was significantly decreased (P&#60;0.05). However, no significant differences were observed between the groups (P&#62;0.05).

Conclusion: It seems that both of short-time massage and NFE exercise methods have a similar effect on treatment of trigger points in trapezoid muscle. According to a few studies, it needs to have more investigations</CONTENT>
			</ABSTRACT>
		</ABSTRACTS>

		<PAGES>
			<PAGE>
			<FPAGE>43</FPAGE>
			<TPAGE>53</TPAGE>
			</PAGE>
		</PAGES>

		<RECEIVE_DATE>
			2016/01/52014/08/22014/03/42015/02/22014/12/25
		</RECEIVE_DATE>

		<RECEIVE_DATE_FA>
			1393/10/4
		</RECEIVE_DATE_FA>

		<ACCEPT_DATE>
			2016/06/252016/06/292014/07/52016/06/182016/06/18
		</ACCEPT_DATE>

		<ACCEPT_DATE_FA>
			1395/3/29
		</ACCEPT_DATE_FA>

		<AUTHORS>
			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>علی</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>ساعت چیان</Family>
				<NameE>A</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>saatchian</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>دانشگاه فردوسی ، دانشکده  تربیت بدنی</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country>Iran</Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email>saatchian.ali@gmail.com</Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>

			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>ناهید</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>خوشرفتار یزدی</Family>
				<NameE>N</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>khoshraftar yazdi</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>دانشگاه فردوسی ، دانشکده  تربیت بدنی</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country>Iran</Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email>khoshraftar@um.ac.ir</Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>

			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>سمیرا</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>زارعی خیبری</Family>
				<NameE>S</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>zareie kheybari</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>دانشگاه فردوسی ، دانشکده  تربیت بدنی</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country>Iran</Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email>samirazareie92@yahoo.com</Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>

			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>حسن</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>قادری جاقرق</Family>
				<NameE>H</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>qaderjagharghi</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>انشگاه بین المللی امام رضا(ع)،</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country>Iran</Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email>runner1914@gmail.com</Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>
		</AUTHORS>


		<KEYWORDS>
			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Short-Time Massage</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Neuromuscular Facilitation Exercises</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Neck and Shoulder Pain</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Trigger Points</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>ماساژ کوتاه‌مدت</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>تمرینات تسهیل عصبی عضلانی</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>درد گردن و شانه</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>نقاط ماشه‌ای</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>
		</KEYWORDS>

		<REFRENCES>
			<REFRENCE>
				<REF>1- Saadat M, Shaterzadeh Yazdi MJ, Arastoo AA, Zahednegad S, Negahban Seuki H, Bigdeli AH. Background and Objective: Patients with neck pain are the second largest group after low back pain attended for physical therapy. Sensorimotor deficits in chronic nonspecific neck pain may alter cervical afferent input. Alte. Jundishapur Scientific Medical Journal. 2012; 52(1):132-72. [Persian]##2- Mayoux-Benhamou MA, Revel M. Influence of head position on dorsal neck muscle efficiency. Electromyography clinic neurophysio. 1992; 33(3): 161-66.##3- Falla D, Jull G, Edvard S, Koh K,rainoldi A. Neuromuscular efficiently of the sternocleidomastoid and anterior scalene muscles in patients with chronic neck pain.Disabil Rehabil 2004; 26(12): 1712-17.##4- Alvarez DJ, Rockwell PG. Trigger points: diagnosis and management. American family physician 2002; 65(4): 653-62.##5- Skootsky SA, Jaeger B, Oye RK. Prevalence of myofascial pain in general internal medicine practice. Western J Med 1989; 151(2): 157.##6- Myburgh C, Lauridsen HH, Larsen AH, Hartvigsen J. Standardized manual palpation of myofascial trigger points in relation to neck/shoulder pain; the influence of clinical experience on inter-examiner reproducibility. Manual therapy 2011; 16(2): 136-40.##7- Schneider MJ. Tender points/fibromyalgia vs. trigger points/myofascial pain syndrome: a need for clarity in terminology and differential diagnosis. J manipulative and physiologic therapeutics 1994; 18(6): 398-406.##8- Mense S, Simons DG, Russell IJ. Muscle pain: understanding its nature, diagnosis, and treatment: Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins 2001.##9- Runge F. Der Rheumatismus der Muskeln und Gelenke: Ein Beitrag zur Theorie und Behandlung desselben: Kreidel 1868.##10- Travell J, Rinzler S, Herman M. Pain and disability of the shoulder and arm: treatment by intramuscular infiltration with procaine hydrochloride. J American Med Assoc 1942; 120(6): 417-22.##11- Braddom RL. Physical medicine and rehabilitation Elsevier Health Sci 2010.##12- Lee J-H, Park S-J, Na S-S. The effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation therapy on pain and function. J physic therapy sci 2013; 25(6): 713-16.##13- Simons D. Travell &amp; Simons’ myofascial pain and dysfunction: the trigger point manual. Volume 1: The upper half of body. Volume 2: The lower extremities. Baltimore: Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins; 1983.##14- Akbari A, Pourghaz A. A comparative study of diclofenac phonophorosis and ergonomic instructions on neck and shoulder pain in women with myofascial trigger points in trapezius muscle. J Gorgan Uni Med Sci 2012; 14(4): 17-23. [Persian]##15- Azma K, Najaran A. Evaluation of Correlation between Musculoskeletal Cervical Spine Abnormalities and Chronic headache. HBI_J 2012; 9(4): 241-4. [Persian]##16- Kong LJ, Zhan HS, Cheng YW, Yuan WA, Chen B, Fang M. Massage therapy for neck and shoulder pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Med 2013: 3 (1): 35.##17- Korr IM. The spinal cord as organizer of disease processes: II. The peripheral autonomic nervous system. J Am Osteopath Assoc 1979; 79(2): 82-90.##18- Gam AN, Warming S, Larsen LH, Jensen B, Høydalsmo O, Allon I, et al. Treatment of myofascial trigger-points with ultrasound combined with massage and exercise–a randomised controlled trial. Pain 1998; 77(1): 73-9.##19- Surburg PR, Schrader JW. Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniques in sports medicine: a reassessment. J athletic training 1997; 32(1): 34.##20- Wheeler AH. Myofascial pain disorders. Drugs 2004; 64(1): 45-62.##21- Revel M. Influence of head position on dorsal neck muscle efficiently. electromyoger clin  neurophysiol,1993,33(3);161-6.##22- Robinson JA, Nielsen LA. Muscle Pain Syndromes. In: Braddom RL, editor. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 3th ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 2007; 39(1): 121-68.##23- Brosseau L, Wells GA, Tugwell P, Casimiro L, Novikov M, Loew L, et al. Ottawa panel evidence-based clinical practice guidelines on therapeutic massage for neck pain. J bodywork and movement therapies 2012; 16(3): 300-25.##24- Azma K, Najaran A. Evaluation of Correlation between Musculoskeletal Cervical Spine Abnormalities and Chronic headache. J Rehabilitation 2011 63(1): 35-43.[Persian]##25- Hsieh C-YJ, Hong C-Z, Adams AH, Platt KJ, Danielson CD, Hoehler FK, et al. Interexaminer reliability of the palpation of trigger points in the trunk and lower limb muscles. Archives physical Med rehabilitation 2000; 81(3): 258-64.##26- Curtis KA, Roach K, Applegate EB, Amar T, Benbow CS, Genecco TD, et al. Development of the wheelchair user's shoulder pain index (WUSPI). Spinal Cord 1995; 33(5): 290-93.##27- Leak AM, Cooper J, Dyer S, Williams KA, Turner-Stokes L, Frank AO. The Northwick Park Neck Pain Questionnaire, devised to measure neck pain and disability. Rheumato 1994; 33(5): 469-74.##28- Knott M, Voss DE. Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation: patterns and techniques. Hoeber Medical Division, Harper &amp; Row; 1968; 64(2): 133-37.##29- Salari S, Pilevarzadeh M, Shafiee N. The effects of short-term myofascial trigger massage therapy on physiological parameters and relaxation reactions. J Sabzevar School Med Sci 2005; 13(3): 300-25. [Persian].##30- Reza Soltani SA, Khaleghfar M, Tavakoli AR, Ahmadpur A. The comparison of neuromuschular facilitation exercises and traditional exercise Therapy programs in the treating of patients WITH Chronic Non-specific Neck pain. J Rafsanjan Uni Med Sci Health Services 2009; 8(1): 59-68. [Persian].##31- Moraska AF, Stenerson L, Butryn N, Krutsch JP, Schmiege SJ, Mann JD. Myofascial Trigger Point-focused Head and Neck Massage for Recurrent Tension-type Headache: A Randomized, Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial. Clinical J pain 2015; 31(2): 159-68.##32- Sheibaninia A, Valaei N, Mohammad Sadeghi Sh, Azizi F. Evaluation of accuracy of published articles in Iranian Medical J. Pejouhesh dar Pezeshki 2009; 33: 5-11. [Persian].##33- Faster J, Kerr JR. Psycho physiological effects of back massage on elderly institutionalized patients. J Advanced physician 2002; 15: 38-254.##34- Chang MY, Wang SY, Chen CH. Effects of massage on pain and anxiety during labour: a randomized controlled trial in Taiwan. J advanced Nurs 2002; 38(1): 68-73.##35- Felhendler D, Lisander B. Effects of non-invasive stimulation of acupoints on the cardiovascular system. Complementary therapies in Med 1999; 7(4): 231-34.##36- Cady SH, Jones GE. Massage therapy as a workplace intervention for reduction of stress. Perceptual and Motor Skills 1997; 84(1): 157-58.##37- Trampas A, Kitsios A, Sykaras E, Symeonidis S, Lazarou L. Clinical massage and modified Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation stretching in males with latent myofascial trigger points. Physical Therapy in Sport 2010; 11(3): 91-8.#### ##</REF>
			</REFRENCE>
		</REFRENCES>

	</ARTICLE>


	<ARTICLE> 
		<TitleF>اولویت‌بندی ریسک خطرات مربوط به بیمار در واحدهای درمانی با مدل تحلیل سلسله مراتبی مطالعه موردی یک بیمارستان آموزشی–درمانی</TitleF>
		<TitleE>Prioritization of Patient-Related Risks in Treatment Units Using Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP); Case Study of Educational- Therapeutic Hospital</TitleE>
		<TitleLang_ID>1</TitleLang_ID>
		<ABSTRACTS>
			<ABSTRACT>
			<Language_ID>1</Language_ID>
			<CONTENT>مقدمه: خطرات ایمنی بیمار، یکی از مهم&#8204;ترین چالش&#8204;های نظام سلامت تمام کشورها محسوب می&#8204;شود که تضمین ایمنی بیمار را به خطر می&#8204;اندازد. لذا شناخت این خطرات و اولویت&#8204;بندی آنها به&#8204;منظور تدوین سیاست&#8204;های مداخله&#8204;ای باید مورد توجه قرار گیرد.

روش بررسی: پژوهش توصیفی-مقطعی حاضر، در سال 1394، در کلیه بخش&#8204;های درمانی یک بیمارستان آموزشی-درمانی به انجام رسید. گردآوری اطلاعات، از طریق مصاحبه با 25 نفر از مسئولین بالینی بیمارستان و رابطین ایمنی بیمار در بخش&#8204;های درمانی و توزیع پرسشنامه انجام گرفت. تحلیل داده&#8204;ها به کمک روش تحلیل سلسله مراتبی((AHP و با استفاده از نرم&#8204;افزار 11 Expert Choice صورت پذیرفت.

نتایج: در بین مخاطرات بخش داخلی، نیدل استیک شدن پرسنل، بالاترین اولویت(231/0) و گرافی اشتباه از بیمار، پایین&#8204;ترین اولویت(028/0) را کسب نمود. در بین مخاطرات بخش مراقبت ویژه، جراحی و اتاق عمل، بالاترین اولویت به&#8204;ترتیب مربوط به عدم کنترل سطح هوشیاری بیماران(316/0)، عدم کنترل دقیق بیماران بعد از عمل جراحی(199/0) و ترانسفوزیون خون اشتباه(209/0) بود.

نتیجه&#8204;گیری: با توجه به نقش کارکنان در کاهش خطرات مورد اشاره، باید آموزش&#8204;های تئوری و عملی کارکنان در خصوص روش&#8204;های ارزیابی خطر صورت گیرد و چک لیست تزریق و جراحی ایمن توسط آنها اجرا و از سوی مسئول ایمنی بیمار مورد پایش قرار گیرد. همچنین سیستم یکپارچه ثبت و گزارش خطا برای شناسایی رخدادها انجام گیرد.</CONTENT>
			</ABSTRACT>
			<ABSTRACT>
			<Language_ID>2</Language_ID>
			<CONTENT>Introduction: One of the most important challenges of health system in all countries is patient safety risks. That reduces ensures of patient safety. So, recognition of these incidents, categorize and prioritize them in order to formulate policy interventions should be considered.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in clinical wards of an Educational- Therapeutic Hospital in 2015. The study population consisted of 25 clinical hospital administrators and patient Safety Liaison. Data collection was conducted in three methods (Interviews, Focus Group and Distributor Questionnaire). The collected data were analyzed using AHP Model and Expert Choice.11 software.

Results: Among the incidents of internal ward, the highest priority related to needle stick (0.231) and the lowest related to wrong-patient Radiographs (0.028), respectively. Among the incidents of intensive care Unit, surgery and operating room, the highest priority related to failure in controlling the patients, level of consciousness (LOC) (0.316), lack of control of patients after surgery (0.199) and wrong type of blood transfusion (0.209), respectively.

Conclusion: According to the role of staff in incidents reduction, theoretical and practical training of staff about risk assessment methods should be done. Checklist for safe injection and safe surgery are performed and they were monitored by patient safety liaison. Also, integrated system of registration to record and report the error to identify upcoming events.</CONTENT>
			</ABSTRACT>
		</ABSTRACTS>

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		</PAGES>

		<RECEIVE_DATE>
			2016/01/52014/08/22014/03/42015/02/22014/12/252015/07/4
		</RECEIVE_DATE>

		<RECEIVE_DATE_FA>
			1394/4/13
		</RECEIVE_DATE_FA>

		<ACCEPT_DATE>
			2016/06/252016/06/292014/07/52016/06/182016/06/182016/03/9
		</ACCEPT_DATE>

		<ACCEPT_DATE_FA>
			1394/12/19
		</ACCEPT_DATE_FA>

		<AUTHORS>
			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>محمد</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>زارع زاده</Family>
				<NameE>M</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Zarezadeh</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقص یزد</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country>Iran</Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email></Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>

			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>مهدی</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>رعدآبادی</Family>
				<NameE>M</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Raadabadi</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقص یزد</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country>Iran</Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email></Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>

			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>فتانه</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>شاطرزاده</Family>
				<NameE>F</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Shaterzadeh</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقص یزد</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country>Iran</Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email></Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>

			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>سمیه</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>عابدینی</Family>
				<NameE>S</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Abedini</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country>Iran</Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email></Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>

			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>سوگند</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>تورانی</Family>
				<NameE>S</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Tourani</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country>Iran</Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email>sogandtourani@yahoo.com</Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>
		</AUTHORS>


		<KEYWORDS>
			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Patient Safety Incidents</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Hospitals</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Analytical Hierarchy Process(AHP)</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>پیامد رویداد بیمار</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>بیمارستان</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>تحلیل سلسله مراتبی</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>
		</KEYWORDS>

		<REFRENCES>
			<REFRENCE>
				<REF>1- Hashemi F. Ethical response to nursing error. Iranian J Med Ethics History Med 2008; 1(4): 31-46.##2- Sari AB A, Sheldon TA, Cracknell A, Turnbull A. Sensitivity of routine system for reporting patient safety incidents in an NHS hospital: retrospective patient case note review. Bmj 2007; 334(7584): 79.##3- Vincent C. Incident reporting and patient safety. BMJ: British Med J 2007; 334(7584): 51.##4- Vincent C, Neale G, Woloshynowych M. Adverse events in British hospitals: preliminary retrospective record review. Bmj 2001; 322(7285): 517-9.##5- Kellogg VA, Havens DS. Adverse events in acute care: an integrative literature review. Res nursing &amp; health 2003; 26(5): 398-408.##6- Andermann A, Ginsburg L, Norton P, Arora N, Bates D, Wu A, et al. Core competencies for patient safety research: a cornerstone for global capacity strengthening. BMJ quality &amp; safety 2011; 20(1): 96-101.##7- Vazin A, Delfani S. Medication errors in an internal intensive care unit of a large teaching hospital: a direct observation study. Acta Med Iranica 2012; 50(6): 425-32.##8- Zargarzadeh AH. Medication Safety in Iran. J Pharmaceutical Care 2014; 1(4): 125-26. [Persian]##9- Patterson ES, Cook RI, Render ML. Improving patient safety by identifying side effects from introducing bar coding in medication administration. J American Med Infor Assoc 2002; 9(5): 540-53.##10- Lawton R, Parker D. Barriers to incident reporting in a healthcare system. Quality and Safety in Health Care 2002; 11(1): 15-18. ##11- Erickson SM, Wolcott J, Corrigan JM, Aspden P. Patient Safety: Achieving a New Standard for Care: National Academies Press; 2003.##12- Christian CK, Gustafson ML, Roth EM, Sheridan TB, Gandhi TK, Dwyer K, et al. A prospective study of patient safety in the operating room. Surg 2006; 139(2): 159-73.##13- Liu KF, Lai JH. Decision-support for environmental impact assessment: A hybrid approach using fuzzy logic and fuzzy analytic network process. Expert Systems with Appli 2009; 36(3): 5119-36.##14- Pourghasemi HR, Pradhan B, Gokceoglu C. Application of fuzzy logic and analytical hierarchy process (AHP) to landslide susceptibility mapping at Haraz watershed, Iran. Natural Hazards 2012; 63(2): 965-96.##15- Tsaur S-H, Chang T-Y, Yen CH. The evaluation of airline service quality by fuzzy MCDM. Tourism management 2002; 23(2): 107-15.##16- Wang J, Yun L, Cheng W, Qing M. Research on decision making in coal mine safety management using analytical hierarchy process. WIT Trans Infor Comm Techno 2014; 46(1): 127-33.##17- Matsuda S. An analysis of the Vietnamese system of occupational safety and health and setting priorities with the analytical hierarchy process. Occupational Environmental Med 1996; 53(4): 281-86.##18- Yang Z, Yuan X, Wang J, Inoue A, Deng M. Safety assessment for power plants using analytical hierarchy process and system functionality. Networking, Sensing and Control, 2007 IEEE International Conference on; 2007: IEEE. pp. 680-84.##19- Hobgood C, Villani J, Quattlebaum R. Impact of emergency department volume on registered nurse time at the bedside. Ann emergency Med 2005; 46(6): 481-89.##20- Aghajanlou A, niroumand ZK, safavi BZ, alavi MH. Types and rates of occupational accidents in nursing students at nursing and midwifery colleges in Tehran. J Shahid Beheshti School Nurs Mid 2007; 17(57): 11-6. [Persian]##21- Yang YH, Wu MT, Ho CK, Chuang HY, Chen L, Yang CY, et al. Needlestick/sharps injuries among vocational school nursing students in southern Taiwan. American J Infec control 2004; 32(8): 431-35.##22- Boden LI, Sembajwe G, Tveito TH, Hashimoto D, Hopcia K, Kenwood C, et al. Occupational injuries among nurses and aides in a hospital setting. American J industrial Medicine 2012; 55(2): 117-26.##23- Rodriguez-Acosta RL. Occupational injury and physical assault experience of nurse aides employed at Duke University health system: ProQuest; 2007.##24- Gokhman R, Seybert AL, Phrampus P, Darby J, Kane-Gill SL. Medication errors during medical emergencies in a large, tertiary care, academic medical center. Resuscitation 2012; 83(4): 482-87.##25- Mahmodi S. Survey Of Hospital accidents in Shariati Hospital affiliated of Tehran University of Medical Sciences from 2005 to 2006. [Persian].##26- Joyani Y, Raadabadi M, Kavosi Z, Sadeghifar J, Momenei K. Relationship Between The Occupational Accidents And Absence From Work Employees In Shiraz Namazi Hospital. Payavard Salamat 2011; 5(3): 70-9. [Persian]##27- Alsulami Z, Conroy S, Choonara I. Medication errors in the Middle East countries: a systematic review of the literature. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2013; 69(4): 995-1008.##28- Mangino PD. Role of the pharmacist in reducing medication errors. J Surg Onco 2004; 88(3): 189-94.##29- Miller MR, Robinson KA, Lubomski LH, Rinke ML, Pronovost PJ. Medication errors in paediatric care: a systematic review of epidemiology and an evaluation of evidence supporting reduction strategy recommendations. Quality and Safety in Health Care 2007; 16(2): 116-26.##30- Le Grognec C, Lazzarotti A, Marie-Joseph DA, Lorcerie B. [Medication errors resulting from drug preparation and administration]. Therapie 2004; 60(4): 391-99.##31- Stratton KM, Blegen MA, Pepper G, Vaughn T. Reporting of medication errors by pediatric nurses. J pediatric nurs 2004; 19(6): 385-92.##32- Mohammadnejad E, Hojatti H, Sharifnia S, Ehsani S. Evalaution of the rates and types of medication errors in nursing students at four teaching hospitals in Tehran. Iranian J Med Ethics and History Med 2010; 3: 60-9.[Persian].##33- Cheraghi MA, Nikbakhat Nasabadi A, Mohammad Nejad E, Salari A, Ehsani Kouhi Kheyli S. Medication errors among nurses in intensive care units (ICU). J Mazand Univ Med Sci 2012; 21: 115-19.##34- Hesari B, Ghodsi H, Hoseinabadi M, Chenarani H, Ghodsi A. A Survey of Nurses' Perceptions of the Causes of Medication Errors and Barriers to Reporting in Hospitals Affiliated to Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Iran. J Kerman Uni Med Sci 2015; 22(1): 105-11.##35- Blendon RJ, DesRoches CM, Brodie M, Benson JM, Rosen AB, Schneider E, et al. Views of practicing physicians and the public on medical errors. New England J Med 2002; 347(24): 1933-40.##36- Vincent C. Clinical risk management: Enhancing patient safety: BMJ Books; 2001.##37- Masror D, Heydarikhayat N, Joolaee S. Assessing patient safety events and it’s correlation with nurse-physician interaction from nurses’view. Quarterly J Nurs Manag 2012; 1(2): 37-45[Persian].##38- Jawaid M, Masood Z, Iqbal SA. Post-operative complications in a general surgical ward of a Teaching Hospital. Pak J Med Sci 2006; 22(2): 171-75.##39- Bravata DM, McDonald KM, Shojania KG, Sundaram V, Owens DK. Challenges in systematic reviews: synthesis of topics related to the delivery, organization, and financing of health care. Ann inter Med 2005; 142(12_Part_2): 1056-65.##40- Agoritsas T, Bovier PA, Perneger TV. Patient reports of undesirable events during hospitalization. J general Inter Med 2005; 20(10): 922-28.#### ##</REF>
			</REFRENCE>
		</REFRENCES>

	</ARTICLE>


	<ARTICLE> 
		<TitleF>بررسی تاثیر برنامه آموزشی مدرسه کمر در قالب مولتی‌مدیا در بهبود رعایت رفتار و اصول ارگونومی پیشگیری‌کننده از کمردرد مزمن در پرستاران</TitleF>
		<TitleE>Investigation the effect of back school educational program in the form Multimedia for improving of observing behaviors and ergonomics principles for preventive of chronic low back pain in nurses</TitleE>
		<TitleLang_ID>1</TitleLang_ID>
		<ABSTRACTS>
			<ABSTRACT>
			<Language_ID>1</Language_ID>
			<CONTENT>مقدمه: امروزه محتوای مدرسه کمر نسبت به گذشته تغییر یافته و دامنه وسیعی از آموزش رعایت اصول ارگونومیک، برنامه&#8204;های ورزشی، طراحی محیط کار، تغییر در سازماندهی کار و شیوه زندگی را در بر دارد. هدف این مطالعه بررسی تاثیر برنامه آموزشی طراحی شده مدرسه کمر در قالب مولتی مدیا با محوریت ارتقاء عملکرد پیشگیری&#8204;کننده از کمردرد مزمن در پرستاران می&#8204;باشد. 

روش بررسی: این مطالعه به روش مداخله&#8204;ای(نیمه تجربی) بر روی 100 نفر از پرستاران بیمارستان&#8204;های آموزشی-دولتی شهر اراک انجام گرفت که به&#8204;روش نمونه&#8204;گیری احتمالی چند مرحله&#8204;ای در گروه مداخله(50 نفر) و گروه کنترل(50 نفر) وارد مطالعه شدند. ابزار گردآوری داده&#8204;ها، پرسشنامه اطلاعات فردی و چک لیست عملکرد بود. پس از جمع&#8204;آوری داده&#8204;ها در مرحله اول نسبت به مداخله آموزشی مدرسه کمر در قالب مولتی مدیا اقدام گردید و در مرحله دوم(3ماه پس از مداخله) داده&#8204;ها جمع&#8204;آوری و آنالیز داده&#8204;ها با استفاده از نرم&#8204;افزار آماری spss نسخه 20 و با بهره&#8204;گیری از آزمون&#8204;های کای اسکوئر، تی مستقل، تی زوجی انجام شد.

نتایج: میانگین نمرات رعایت رفتارها و اصول ارگونومی پیشگیری&#8204;کننده از کمردرد مزمن در قبل از مداخله آموزشی در دو گروه کنترل و مداخله تفاوت معنی&#8204;داری نشان نداد(05/0P&#62;). اما بعد از ارائه برنامه آموزشی مدرسه کمر در قالب مولتی&#8204;مدیا، در پرستاران گروه مداخله نسبت به گروه کنترل تفاوت معنی&#8204;داری وجود دشت(001/0P&#60;).

نتیجه&#8204;گیری: برنامه آموزشی مدرسه کمر در قالب مولتی مدیا با توجه به محاسنی که مولتی مدیا در رفع برخی از موانع آموزشی در خصوص رعایت رفتارها و اصول ارگونومی پیشگیری از کمردرد دارد باعث بهبود و ارتقاء عملکرد پیشگیرانه پرستاران شد.

&#160;



&#160;</CONTENT>
			</ABSTRACT>
			<ABSTRACT>
			<Language_ID>2</Language_ID>
			<CONTENT>Introduction: Nowadays, more than the past the content of back school was changed and it is involved a wide range of training including, the principles of ergonomics, sports programs, workplace design, changes in work organization and life style. The aim of this study was to evaluate back school educational program designed in the form of multimedia with a focus on performance improvement in the nurse&#39;s prevention of chronic low back pain.

Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study. It was done on 100 nurses selected multi-stage random sampling method from teaching/government hospitals affiliated with Arak University of Medical Sciences. Out of 100 nurses included in the study, 50 were assigned to the intervention and 50 to the control groups. The data-collection tool was a questionnaire on demographic characteristics and the practice checklist. After collecting the data in the first stage, educational intervention of back school in the from of multimedia was performed. In the second stage (3 months after intervention), the data were analyzed by SPSS (version 20) using the Chi-square test, paired sample&#39;s t-test and independent t-test.

Results: There was no statistically significant between the intervention and control groups in the mean scores of observing behaviors and ergonomics principles for prevention of chronic low back pain before&#160; intervention (p&#62;0.05). After accomplishment of back school educational program in the form of multimedia among the nurses in the intervention group there was statistically significant difference between the mean scores compared to the control group (p&#60;0.0001).&#160;&#160;

Conclusions: Back school curriculum in a multimedia format has some advantages that overcame some of the educational barriers on compliance behavior and ergonomics to the improvement and promotion of proactive prevention of low back pain among nurses.

Keywords: Back School Program; Multimedia; Chronic Low Back Pain; Nurse; Ergonomics&#160;</CONTENT>
			</ABSTRACT>
		</ABSTRACTS>

		<PAGES>
			<PAGE>
			<FPAGE>66</FPAGE>
			<TPAGE>75</TPAGE>
			</PAGE>
		</PAGES>

		<RECEIVE_DATE>
			2016/01/52014/08/22014/03/42015/02/22014/12/252015/07/42014/12/31
		</RECEIVE_DATE>

		<RECEIVE_DATE_FA>
			1393/10/10
		</RECEIVE_DATE_FA>

		<ACCEPT_DATE>
			2016/06/252016/06/292014/07/52016/06/182016/06/182016/03/92015/08/1
		</ACCEPT_DATE>

		<ACCEPT_DATE_FA>
			1394/5/10
		</ACCEPT_DATE_FA>

		<AUTHORS>
			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>محبوبه</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>خورسندی</Family>
				<NameE>M</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Khorsandi</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اراک</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country>Iran</Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email>dr.khorsandi@arakmu.ac.ir</Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>

			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>ناصر</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>شرفخانی</Family>
				<NameE>N</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Sharafkhani</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اراک</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country>Iran</Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email>n.sharafkhani@arakmu.ac.ir</Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>

			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>رضا</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>تاجیک</Family>
				<NameE>R</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Tajik</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اراک</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country>Iran</Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email>t.rezatajik@yahoo.com</Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>

			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>مهدی</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>رنجبران</Family>
				<NameE>M</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Ranjbaran</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اراک</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country>Iran</Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email>mehdiranjbaran90@yahoo.com</Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>
		</AUTHORS>


		<KEYWORDS>
			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Back School Program</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Multimedia</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Chronic Low Back Pain</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Nurse</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Ergonomics</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>مدرسه کمر</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>مولتی مدیا</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>کمردرد مزمن</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>پرستار</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>ارگونومی</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>
		</KEYWORDS>

		<REFRENCES>
			<REFRENCE>
				<REF>1- Moshe S, Levin M. [Occupational aspects of low back pain]. Harefuah 2005; 144(7): 492-6.##2- Fongsri U, Rawiworrakul T, Kaewboonchoo O, Kolladarungkri T. Effects of a Self-efficacy Promoting Program for Low Back Pain Prevention in Patient Transfer Workers, at a University Hospital in Bangkok Asia J public Health 2011; 2(2):47-53.##3- Freburger JK, Holmes GM, Agans RP, Jackman AM, Darter JD, Wallace AS, et al. The rising prevalence of chronic low back pain. Archives Inter Med 2009; 169(3): 251-8.##4- Hanney WJ, Kolber MJ, Beekhuizen KS. Implications for physical activity in the population with low back pain. American J Lifestyle Med 2009; 3(1): 63-70.##5- Dagenais S, Caro J, Haldeman S. A systematic review of low back pain cost of illness studies in the United States and internationally. Spine J 2008; 8(1): 8-20.##6- Ando S, Ono Y, Shimaoka M, Hiruta S, Hattori Y, Hori F, et al. Associations of self estimated workloads with musculoskeletal symptoms among hospital nurses. Occupational Environment Med 2000; 57(3): 211.##7- Cromie J, Robertson V, Best M. Work-related musculoskeletal disorders in physical therapists: prevalence, severity, risks, and responses. Physical Therapy 2000; 80(4): 336-51.##8- June KJ, Cho SH. Low back pain and work‐related factors among nurses in intensive care units. J Clinic Nurs 2011; 20(3‐4): 479-87.##9- Barkhordari A, Halvani G, Barkhordari M. The Prevalence of Low Back Pain among Nurses in Yazd, Southeast Iran. Inter J Occupational Hygiene 2013; 5(1): 19-21.##10- Rezaee M, Ghasemi M. Prevalence of Low Back Pain Among Nurses: Predisposing Factors and Role of Work Place Violence. Tvauma monthly 2014; 19(4).##11- Alexandre NMC, Angerami E. Ergonomics aspects in patient transport. Rev Bras Saúde Ocup 1993; 21: 81-90.##12- Knibbe JJ, Friele RD. Prevalence of back pain and characteristics of the physical workload of community nurses. Ergonomics 1996; 39(2): 186-98.##13- Alexandre NMC, de Moraes MAA, Corrêa Filho HR, Jorge SA. Evaluation of a program to reduce back pain in nursing personnel. Revista de Saude Publica 2001; 35(4): 356-61.##14- Koumantakis GA, Watson PJ, Oldham JA. Trunk muscle stabilization training plus general exercise versus general exercise only: randomized controlled trial of patients with recurrent low back pain. Physical therapy 2005; 85(3): 209-25.##15- Van Tulder MW, Koes BW, Bouter LM. Conservative treatment of acute and chronic nonspecific low back pain: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials of the most common interventions. Spine 1997; 22(18): 2128-56.##16- Brand RA. Back School and Other Conservative Approaches to Low Back Pain. The J Bone Joint Surg 1983; 65(6): 877-c-8.##17- Sahin N, Albayrak I, Durmus B, Ugurlu H. Effectiveness of back school for treatment of pain and functional disability in patients with chronic low back pain: a randomized controlled trial. J Rehabilitation Med 2011; 43(3): 224-29.##18- Abdolvahabi Z, Sarkheil F, Letafatkar K, Salimi A, Rahmati H. A Study of Industrial Workers' Knowledge and Performance about the Principles of Health Care for Lumbar Spine. World Appl Sci J 2010; 11(2): 210-15.##19- American Nurses Association. Position statement on elimination of manual patient handling to prevent work-related musculoskeletal disorders. Retrieved2:2005.from http://www.nursingworld.org/readroom/position /workplace/pathand.##20- Mayer RE. Multimedia learning. Psycho Learning Motivation 2002; 41: 85-139.##21- Mohammadi Z I, Mohammadi Z B. The Effect of Stage–Matched Educational Intervention on Reduction in Musculoskeletal Disorders among Computer Users. J Babol Uni Med Sci (JBUMS) 2012; 14(1): 42-9. [Persian]##22- Chao E, Henshaw J. Guidelines for Nursing Homes Ergonomics for the Prevention of Musculoskeletal Disorders. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, US Department of Labor Pub No OSHA. 2009.##23- Sherehiy B, Karwowski W, Marek T. Risk factors for work-related musculoskeletal disorders in the nursing profession: a review. Ergonomia: An Inter J Ergonomics Human Factors 2004; 26(1): 19-48.##24- Nelson AL, Motacki MK, Menzel N. The Illustrated Guide to Safe Patient Handling and Movement. New York, NY: Springer Publishing Company; 2009.##25- Derek R, Mutsuko M, Yasuko A, Hatsuyo K, Tatsuya I. Aetailed analysis of musculoskeletal disorder risk factors among Japanese nurses. J Safty Res 2006; 37(2):195-200.##26- Yip VYB. New low back pain in nurses: work activities, work stress and sedentary lifestyle. Journal of Advanc Nurs 2004; 46(4): 430-40.##27- Buchbinder R, Jolley D, Wyatt M. Breaking the back of back pain. Med J Australia 2001; 175(9): 456-7.##28- Harber P. Occupational Back Pain of Nurses. Western J Med. 1990; 152(2): 175.##29- Atkins M, O'halloran C. AMEE Medical Education Guide No. 6. Evaluating multimedia applications for medical education. Med Teacher 1995; 17(2): 149-60.#### ##</REF>
			</REFRENCE>
		</REFRENCES>

	</ARTICLE>


	<ARTICLE> 
		<TitleF>بررسی ایستگاه‌های کار اداری تایپیست‌ها از دیدگاه بیومکانیک شغلی</TitleF>
		<TitleE>Assessing Typists Office Workstations from Occupational Biomechanics' Point of View</TitleE>
		<TitleLang_ID>1</TitleLang_ID>
		<ABSTRACTS>
			<ABSTRACT>
			<Language_ID>1</Language_ID>
			<CONTENT>مقدمه: طراحی مناسب ایستگاه کاری اداری برای تایپیست&#8204;ها و شیب مناسب صفحه&#8204;کلید، می&#8204;تواند از بروز بیماری&#8204;های عضلانی اسکلتی اندام فوقانی، پیشگیری کند. هدف این مطالعه مقایسه زوایای حرکت مچ دست و انگشتان هنگام تایپ در ایستگاه&#8204;های کاری متفاوت با شیب&#8204;های متفاوت صفحه&#8204;کلید می&#8204;باشد.

روش بررسی: در این مطالعه تجربی، تعداد 10 نفر از کارکنان زن تایپیست دانشگاه به روش تصادفی انتخاب شدند. آزمایش بر روی دو صندلی متفاوت قابل تنظیم و غیرقابل تنظیم و با چهار زاویه متفاوت شیب صفحه&#8204;کلید شامل صفر، 7+، 15+ و 7- درجه تست شد. داده&#8204;های کینماتیک مچ دست و انگشتان، توسط سیستم آنالیز حرکت Vicon و نرم&#173;افزار MATLAB محاسبه شد.

نتایج: در مورد میانگین زوایای فلکسیون مچ دست، اختلاف معنی&#8204;دار بین زوایا در شیب&#8204;های صفحه&#8204;کلید، متفاوت دیده شد. در ایستگاه کاری با صندلی قابل تنظیم، کمترین مقدار میانگین مشاهده شده برای حداکثر، میانگین و حداقل فلکسیون، برای شیب صفحه&#8204;کلید، 15 درجه اندازه&#8204;گیری شد. مجدداً کمترین میانگین فلکسیون مشاهده شده در مفصل متاکارپوفالانژیال انگشت دوم و پنجم، در ایستگاه کاری با صندلی قابل تنظیم، باز هم در مورد شیب صفحه&#8204;کلید، 15 درجه اندازه&#173;گیری شد. در مفصل اینترفالانژیال پروگزیمال انگشت دوم نیز کمترین مقادیر با شیب صفحه&#8204;کلید 15 درجه در ایستگاه کاری با صندلی قابل تنظیم به&#8204;دست آمد.

نتیجه&#173;گیری: هنگام تایپ بر روی صفحه&#8204;کلید، هر اندازه که درجه زاویه&#8204;های مفاصل انگشتان و یا مچ دست به صفر نزدیکتر باشد، آن مفصل در دسترس کمتری قرار می&#8204;گیرد. در این مطالعه، کمترین میانگین&#8204;ها برای میزان فلکسیون در مفاصل بررسی شده، در ایستگاه کاری با صندلی قابل تنظیم در شیب صفحه&#8204;کلید 15 درجه مشاهده شد.



واژه&#8204;های کلیدی: ایستگاه کار اداری، اختلالات اسکلتی عضلانی اندام فوقانی، شیب صفحه&#8204;کلید، آنالیز حرکت</CONTENT>
			</ABSTRACT>
			<ABSTRACT>
			<Language_ID>2</Language_ID>
			<CONTENT>Introduction: Appropriate office workstation design and adjusted keyboard slope could prevent upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders caused by CTDs. The purpose of this study was to compare wrist and finger motion angles during typing in different workstations with different keyboard slopes.

Methods: In this experimental study, 10 female typists of university workers were chosen randomly. Test was performed on two different adjustable and non-adjustable chairs with four different keyboard slopes including 15, 7, 0, -7 degrees. Wrist and fingers kinematic data were calculated by Vicon motion analysis system and MATLAB software.

Results: Average wrist flexion angles were significantly different in different keyboard slopes. In adjustable workstation, the lowest mean value of maximum, average, min mum of flexion was measured for keyboard whose slope was adjusted to 15 degrees. The lowest mean for observed flexion in the metacarpophalangeal joints in the second and fifth fingers was measured in workstation with adjustable seats and keyboard whose slope was adjusted to 15 degrees. In the proximal interphalangeal joint of the second finger, the lowest mean was obtained in the workplace with adjustable seats and the keyboard whose slope was adjusted to 15 degrees.

Conclusion: During typing on keyboard, as much as the finger joint angles are close to zero degree, less stress is put on the joints. In this study, the lowest means for the degrees of joint flexion were observed in the workstations with adjustable seats and the keyboard with 15-degree slope.</CONTENT>
			</ABSTRACT>
		</ABSTRACTS>

		<PAGES>
			<PAGE>
			<FPAGE>76</FPAGE>
			<TPAGE>87</TPAGE>
			</PAGE>
		</PAGES>

		<RECEIVE_DATE>
			2016/01/52014/08/22014/03/42015/02/22014/12/252015/07/42014/12/312014/09/9
		</RECEIVE_DATE>

		<RECEIVE_DATE_FA>
			1393/6/18
		</RECEIVE_DATE_FA>

		<ACCEPT_DATE>
			2016/06/252016/06/292014/07/52016/06/182016/06/182016/03/92015/08/12016/06/26
		</ACCEPT_DATE>

		<ACCEPT_DATE_FA>
			1395/4/6
		</ACCEPT_DATE_FA>

		<AUTHORS>
			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>مریم</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>مقصودی پور</Family>
				<NameE>Maryam</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Maghsoudipour</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>- دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی-گروه ارگونومی</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country>Iran</Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email>maryammaghsoudi@yahoo.com</Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>

			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>هدی</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>نبوی</Family>
				<NameE>hoda</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>nabavi</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>تهران- ولنجک- دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی-گروه ارگونومی</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country>Iran</Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email>nabavi@aut.ac.ir</Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>
		</AUTHORS>


		<KEYWORDS>
			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Office Workstation</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Upper Extremity Musculoskeletal Disorders</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Keyboard Slope</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Motion Analysis</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>ایستگاه کار اداری</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>اختلالات اسکلتی عضلانی اندام فوقانی</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>شیب صفحه‌کلید</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>آنالیز حرکت</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>
		</KEYWORDS>

		<REFRENCES>
			<REFRENCE>
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			</REFRENCE>
		</REFRENCES>

	</ARTICLE>

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