بررسی ریسک فاکتورهای بیومکانیکی و ارتباط آن با ناتوانی اندام فوقانی در مونتاژکاران یک صنعت تولید ظروف چینی Evaluation of biomechanical risk factor and relationship with disability of upper limbs in assembly workers of porcelain manufacturing company 1 1 مقدمه: اندامهای فوقانی بیشتر در معرض اختلالات اسکلتی-عضلانی هستند. روش OCRA (Occupational Repetitive Action)، برای ارزیابی ریسک بیومکانیکی مربوط به وظایف تکراری در اندامهای پیشنهاد شده است. پرسشنامه ها میتوانند برای سنجش علائم بیماریها و ناتوانی ها بکار روند. پرسشنامه DASH (Disability of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand) یکی از این پرسشنامه ها می باشد که به منظور ارزیابی ناتوانی اندام فوقانی استفاده میشود. در این مطالعه برآن شدیم تا به بررسی ریسک فاکتورهای بیومکانیکی و ارتباط آن با ناتوانی اندام فوقانی در مونتاژکاران بپردازیم. روش بررسی: این مطالعه از نوع توصیفی- تحلیلی و به صورت مقطعی، در میان 120 نفر از خانم های مونتاژکار انجام گرفت. برای ارزیابی ریسک فاکتورهای بیومکانیکی و ناتوانی اندام فوقانی به ترتیب از روش OCRA و نسخه ایرانی پرسشنامه DASH استفاده گردید. تحلیل داده ها با استفاده از نرم افزار20 SPSS انجام و 05/0 P value <معنادار تلقی گردید. یافته ها: در این مطالعه، مونتاژکاران از لحاظ ریسک فاکتورهای بیومکانیکی و ناتوانی اندام فوقانی بترتیب در سطح ریسک کم و ناتوانی خفیف قرار گرفتند. ضمنا بین ریسک فاکتورهای بیومکانیکی و ناتوانی اندام فوقانی رابطه معناداری و مستقیمی وجود داشت (05/0 P value <). نتیجه گیری: از آنجایی که بین ریسک فاکتورهای بیومکانیکی از جمله انجام کارهای تکراری و ناتوانی اندام فوقانی رابطه معناداری حاصل گردید، می توان نتیجه گرفت، اختلالات اسکلتی عضلانی ناشی از شرایط کاری نامناسب میتواند منجر به محدودیت حرکتی و ناتوانی اندام فوقانی در سطوح مختلف گردد. 2 Introduction: Upper limbs are more susceptible to musculoskeletal disorders. The OCRA method is suggested to measure the biomechanical risk of the associated with the manual, repetitive work in upper limbs. Questionnaires can be used to measure the symptoms of diseases and disabilities. The DASH questionnaire is one of these questionnaires that are used to evaluate disability of upper limbs. In this study attempted to evaluate the biomechanical risk factor and relationship with disability of the upper limbs in assembly workers. Method: The study was a descriptive – analytic and cross-sectional one being and was carried out among 120 female assembly workers. For the measurement of biomechanical risk factor and disability of the upper limbs have been used The OCRA method and Iranian version of DASH, respectively. Data analysis was carried out by using SPSS 20. It is noteworthy to mention that P value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: in this study, assembly workers were in terms of risk factors of biomechanics and upper limb disability in low risk and low disability, respectively. Also, the relationship between biomechanical risk factor and disability of upper limbs, was significant and direct (P value <0.05). Conclusion: Since the relationship between biomechanical risk factor and disability of upper limbs, was significant and direct, it can be concluded that musculoskeletal disorders due to inappropriate working conditions can lead to motor limitation and upper limb disability at different levels. 1 9 2018/08/16 1397/5/25 2019/07/7 1398/4/16 فرزانه فدایی Farzane Fadaei دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان ایران zordudari@yahoo.com زهرا اردودری Zahra Ordudari دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان ایران zordudari@gmail.com Biomechanical Disability Assembly Workers Upper Limb بیومکانیک ناتوانی اندام فوقانی مونتاژکاران 1. Nunes IL. FAST ERGO_X–a tool for ergonomic auditing and work-related musculoskeletal disorders prevention. Work. 2009;34(2):133-48.##2. Lei L, Dempsey PG, Xu J-g, Ge L-n, Liang Y-x. Risk factors for the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among Chinese foundry workers. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics. 2005;35(3):197-204.##3. Kaul R, Shilpa P, Sanjay C. Musculoskeletal disorders and mental health related issues as occupational hazards among dental practitioners in the city of Bengaluru: A randomized cross-sectional study. International Journal of Medical and Dental Sciences. 2015;4(1):589-98.##4. Dabholkar TA, Gandhi P, Yardi S, Dabholkar AS. Correlation of biomechanical exposure with cumulative trauma disorders of upper extremity in dental surgeons. Journal of Dental and Allied Sciences. 2015;4(1):13.##5. Abledu J, Abledu G. Multiple logistic regression analysis of predictors of musculoskeletal disorder and disability among bank workers in Kumasi. Ghana J Ergon. 2012;2:111-5.##6. Khan AA, O'Sullivan L, Gallwey TJ. Effects of combined wrist flexion/extension and forearm rotation and two levels of relative force on discomfort. Ergonomics. 2009;52(10):1265-75.##7. Kitis A, Celik E, Aslan UB, Zencir M. DASH questionnaire for the analysis of musculoskeletal symptoms in industry workers: a validity and reliability study. Applied ergonomics. 2009;40(2):251-5.##8. Cheshmehgaz HR, Haron H, Kazemipour F, Desa MI. Accumulated risk of body postures in assembly line balancing problem and modeling through a multi-criteria fuzzy-genetic algorithm. Computers & Industrial Engineering. 2012;63(2):503-12.##9. Xu Z, Ko J, Cochran DJ, Jung M-C. Design of assembly lines with the concurrent consideration of productivity and upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders using linear models. Computers & Industrial Engineering. 2012;62(2):431-41.##10. Otto A, Battaïa O. Reducing physical ergonomic risks at assembly lines by line balancing and job rotation: A survey. Computers & Industrial Engineering. 2017;111:467-80.##11. Colombini D, Occhipinti E. Preventing upper limb work-related musculoskeletal disorders (UL-WMSDS): New approaches in job (re) design and current trends in standardization. Appl Ergon. 2006;37(4):441-50.##12. Colombini D, Occhipinti E, Delleman N, Fallentin N, Kilbom A, Grieco A. Exposure assessment of upper limb repetitive movements: a consensus document developed by the Technical Committee on Musculoskeletal Disorders of International Ergonomics Association (IEA) endorsed by International Commission on Occupational Health (ICOH). Giornale italiano di medicina del lavoro ed ergonomia. 2001;23(2):129-42.##13. Ramlagan S, Peltzer K, Phaswana-Mafuya N. Hand grip strength and associated factors in non-institutionalised men and women 50 years and older in South Africa. BMC research notes. 2014;7(1):8.##14. Mousavi SJ, Parnianpour M, Abedi M, Askary-Ashtiani A, Karimi A, Khorsandi A, et al. Cultural adaptation and validation of the Persian version of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) outcome measure. Clinical rehabilitation. 2008;22(8):749-57.##15. Luc D. The DASH questionnaire and score in the evaluation of hand and wrist disorders. Acta Orthopaedica Belgica. 2008;74(578):81-5.##16. Colombini D, Occhipinti E. Results of risk and impairment assessment in groups of workers exposed to repetitive strain and movement of the upper limbs in various sectors of industry. La Medicina del lavoro. 2004;95(3):233-46.##17. Mohammadian Mastan M, Motamedzade M, Faradmal J. Investigating the Correlations of results of three methods OCRA Index, Strain Index, ACGIH HAL to evaluate the risk of upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders. Journal of Ergonomics. 2013;1(2):63-71.##18. dos Reis DC, Ramos E, Reis PF, Hembecker PK, Gontijo LA, Moro ARP. Assessment of risk factors of upper-limb musculoskeletal disorders in poultry slaughterhouse. Procedia Manufacturing. 2015;3:4309-14.##19. dos Reis DC, Tirloni AS, Ramos E, Moro ARP, editors. Evaluation of Risk Factors of Upper Limb Musculoskeletal Disorders in a Meat Processing Company. International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics; 2018: Springer.##20. beheshti mh, mohammadzadeh F, sadeghi a, aghababaee r. Determination of Biomechanical Risk Factors of Musculoskeletal Disorders in Bakery Profession Based on JSI and OCRA Indices. The Horizon of Medical Sciences. 2015;21(4):89-96.##21. Tajvar A, Hasheminejad N, Bahrampour A, Chubineh A, Jalali A. Musculoskeletal disorders among small trades workers: Aََ survey in the bakeries. Bimonthly Journal of Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences. 2012;15(4):304-10.##22. Christiansen DH, Michener LA, Roy J-S. Influence of dominant-as compared with nondominant-side symptoms on Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand and Western Ontario Rotator Cuff scores in patients with rotator cuff tendinopathy. Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery. 2018;27(6):1112-6.##23. Taghizadeh S, Haghighat F, Piroozi S, Karimi A, Khanali Nejad D. The Survey and Comparison of Musculoskeletal Disorders of Shoulder, Arm and Hand in Taxi and Bus Drivers in the City of Shiraz in 2016. Archives of Rehabilitation. 2018;19(1):64-75.##24. Jester A, Harth A, Germann G. Measuring levels of upper-extremity disability in employed adults using the DASH Questionnaire. Journal of Hand Surgery. 2005;30(5):1074. e1-. e10.## ##

ارزیابی مواجهه پوستی پرسنل بخش های انکولوژی با داروهای شیمی درمانی با استفاده از روش DREAM در بیمارستان های آموزشی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی و خدمات بهداشتی درمانی شهید صدوقی یزد در سال 1394 Determine the average score of skin exposure to chemotherapy drugs in oncology staffs at hospitals and health services of Shahid Sadoughi university of medical Sciences and health Services by DREAM method in 2015 1 1 مقدمه: مواجهه با داروهای ضد سرطان (ANDs) از طریق تماس پوستی یکی از عمده راه های مواجهه پرسنل بخشهای انکولوژی در بیمارستانها میباشد. آژانس بینالمللی تحقیق بر روی سرطان (IARC)چندین داروی ضد سرطان(ANDs) را بعنوان سرطانزا تعیین نموده است. از این رو بررسی میزان مواجهه با این داروها ضرورت دارد. روش بررسی: کاربرد روش DREAM در تعیین مواجهه پوستی تعداد 22 نفر از پرسنل بخشهای شیمی درمانی در دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد بررسی گردید. مواجهههای انتشاری، جایگزینی و انتقالی برای تمامی قسمتهای بدن بوسیله ارزیابی احتمال و شدت محاسبه گردید. بر این اساس مواجهه بالقوه و مواجهه حقیقی محاسبه گردید و بخشهای انکولوژی از لحاظ میانگین نمره مواجهه رده بندی شدند. نتایج: بیشترین نمره مواجهه جایگزینی(میانگین=409/1 و انحراف استاندارد=127/0) در کارکنان بخش بقاییپور و بیشترین نمره مواجهه انتقالی(میانگین=500/3 و انحراف استاندارد=0) در بخش امام حسن(ع) و بیشترین نمره مواجهه انتشاری(میانگین=980/0 و انحراف استاندارد=114/0) در بخش داخلی-1 مشاهده گردید. بیشترین نمره مواجهه احتمالی(میانگین=133/5 و انحراف استاندارد=0) در بخش امام حسن(ع) و بیشترین نمره مواجهه واقعی(میانگین=163/1 و انحراف استاندارد=152/0) در بخش داخلی-1 مشاهده گردید. بر اساس یافتههای این پژوهش می توان گفت هر چند زمانبر بودن و محاسبات تا حدودی پیچیده را میتوان از موانع بکارگیری روزمره این روش بر شمرد اما روش ارزیابی نیمه کمی مواجهه پوستی DREAM میتواند بعنوان یک ابزار موثر برای ارزیابی اولیه محیط های کاری استفاده گردد. 2 Introduction: Occupational Dermal exposure to Antineoplastic Drugs is the one of the most important routes in Healthcare staffs. Several antineoplastic drugs have been classified as carcinogens by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Regards to this issue investigation on Dermal exposure to Antineplastic Drugs in healthcare staffs is nessessary. Method: In this Descriptive and correlational study, the use of DREAM method for Determination Dermal exposure in chemotherapy personnel was investigated in Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services. By Assessment of probability and intensity Emisson exposure, Deposition exposour and transfer exposure for all of body parts calculated. Then potential and actual exposure calculated and Chemotherapy divisions Classificated based on they're DREAM average score, forthermore we assessment correlation between various dermal exposure scores and occupational and demographical parameters. Results: Maximum deposition dermal exposure (Mean=1.409 , SE=0.127) was for the Baghaeepour division staffs. Maximum Transfer dermal exposure (Mean=3.500 , SE=0) was for the Imam Hassan division staffs and Maximum Emmission dermal exposure(Mean=0.980 , SE=0.114) was for the Internal-1 division staffs. Respectively the Maximum potential and actual dermal exposure calculated (Mean= 5.133 , SE= 0) was for the Imam Hassan division staffs and (Mean= 1.164 , SE= 0.152) ) was for the Internal-1 division staffs. Conclusion: Depending on findings although DREAM is a time-consuming and has somewhat complicated calculations to be used as an daily assessment tool, It can be used as an effective tool For initial assessment of the skin exposure in working environments. 10 17 2018/08/162016/08/21 1395/5/31 2019/07/72020/04/14 1399/1/26 یاسین منصوری Yasin Mansouri دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد ایران mansouri_yasin@yahoo.com علی دهقانی Ali Dehghani دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد ایران adehghani42@yahoo.com ابوالفضل برخورداری Abolfazl barkhordari دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد ایران ohyazd@gmail.com محمد جواد زارع سخویدی Mohammad Javad Zare Sakhvidi دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد ایران mjzs63@gmail.com Keywords: Antineoplastic drugs chemotherapy personnel Dermal exposure DREAM method واژه‌های کلیدی: داروهای ضد سرطان پرسنل بخش های شیمی درمانی مواجهه پوستی روش DREAM 1. Sartorelli P. Dermal exposure assessment in occupational medicine. Occupational medicine. 2002;52(3):151-6.##2. Ladeira C, Viegas S, Pádua M, Gomes M, Carolino E, Gomes M, et al. Assessment of genotoxic effects in nurses handling cytostatic drugs. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A. 2014;77(14-16):879-87.##3. Jakab MG, Major J, Tompa A. Follow-up genotoxicological monitoring of nurses handling antineoplastic drugs. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Part A. 2001;62(5):307-18.##4. Afshar M, Shokraneh F, Monji F, Noroozi M, Ebrahimi-Khojin M, Madani SF, et al. Risks to health professionals from hazardous drugs in Iran. 2014.##5. Turci R, Sottani C, Spagnoli G, Minoia C. Biological and environmental monitoring of hospital personnel exposed to antineoplastic agents: a review of analytical methods. Journal of Chromatography B. 2003;789(2):169-209.##6. Viegas S, Pádua M, Veiga AC, Carolino E, Gomes M. Antineoplastic drugs contamination of workplace surfaces in two Portuguese hospitals. Environmental monitoring and assessment. 2014;186(11):7807-18.##7. Dehghani H, Zare Sakhvidi Mj, Lokzade Z, Kaighobadi N, Zare M. Dermal exposure in automotive repair workers; application of DREAM [Persian]##method. Iran Occupational Health. 2014;11(6):1-12.##8. VAN-WENDEL-DE-JOODE B, BROUWER DH, VERMEULEN R, VAN HEMMEN JJ, HEEDERIK D, KROMHOUT H. DREAM: a method for semi-quantitative dermal exposure assessment. Annals of Occupational Hygiene. 2003;47(1):71-87.##9. de Joode BVW, Vermeulen R, Van Hemmen J, Fransman W, Kromhout H. Accuracy of a semiquantitative method for Dermal Exposure Assessment (DREAM). Occupational and environmental medicine. 2005;62(9):623-32.##10. Marquart J, Brouwer D, Gijsbers J, Links I, Warren N, Van Hemmen J. Determinants of dermal exposure relevant for exposure modelling in regulatory risk assessment. Annals of Occupational Hygiene. 2003;47(8):599-607.##11. de Joode BvW, Van Hemmen JJ, Meijster T, Major V, London L, Kromhout H. Reliability of a semi-quantitative method for dermal exposure assessment (DREAM). Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology. 2005;15(1):111-20.##12. Loomis D, Kromhout H. Exposure variability: concepts and applications in occupational epidemiology. American journal of industrial medicine. 2004;45 (1):122-113.##13. de Joode BvW, Bierman E, Brouwer D, Spithoven J, Kromhout H. An assessment of dermal exposure to semi-synthetic metal working fluids by different methods to group workers for an epidemiological study on dermatitis. Occupational and environmental medicine. 2005;62(9):633-41.##14. Agostini M, Fransman W, De Vocht F, De Joode BVW, Kromhout H. Assessment of dermal exposure to bitumen condensate among road paving and mastic crews with an observational method. Annals of occupational hygiene. 2011:mer026.## ##

اختلالات اسکلتی عضلانی و اقدامات اصلاحی در باغداران انجیرستان استهبان سال1396 Musculoskeletal Disorders and Correctional Measures in the Gardeners of Estahban, 2017 1 1 مقدمه: کشاورزی یکی از مشاغل پر مخاطره بوده و اختلالات اسکلتی عضلانی جزء لاینفک این حرفه بوده و عمده کشاورزان از این اختلالات رنج می‌برند. هدف از این مطالعه انجام اقدامات اصلاحی در انجیرستان می باشد . روش بررسی: این مطالعه توصیفی- تحلیلی، مقطعی و بصورت مشاهدهای در کارگران انجیرستان انجام و جهت بررسی شیوع علائم اختلالات اسکلتی عضلانی از پرسشنامه نوردیک، دموگرافیک و نقشه بدن بهره گرفته شد. افراد مورد مطالعه به روش تصادفی ساده و حجم نمونه، 170نفر تعیین شد. در مرحله بعد جهت ارزیابی ریسک، افرادی که فقط کارگر انجیرستان بودند (95n=) مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. روشهای ارزیابی PATH و QEC بود . پس از ورود داده‌ها به نرم افزار SPSS با آزمون‌های مک نمار و ویلکاکسون قبل و بعد از مداخله مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج: تعداد 95 نفر (9/55) از کارگران فقط کارگر انجیرستان و 75 نفر (1/44درصد) به مشاغل دیگر نیز اشتغال داشتند. 16 نفر (4/9درصد) مجرد و 154 نفر (6/90درصد) متاهل ، میانگین سنی 4/14±5/47 سال و سابقه کار افراد 4/14±4/26 بود. فراوانی اختلالات اسکلتی عضلانی در اندام‌ها با استفاده از نقشه بدن دارای تفاوت معنیداری با قبل از مداخله بود (001/0P<). سطح ریسک ابتلا به روش PATH برای قبل و بعد از مداخله کمتر از 05/0، در روش QEC میانگین نمره کل قبل و بعد بترتیب 09/16±36/94 و 18/12±63/52 بود. (001/0P<) نتیجه گیری: مداخلات ارگونومیکی می تواند به عنوان یک اقدام اصلاحی بکار برده شود. 2 Introduction: Agriculture is one of the high-risk occupations, and musculoskeletal disorders are an integral part of this occupation and major farmers suffer from these disorders. The purpose of this study is Correctional measures in Estahban. In the next step, to assess the risk, only those who were working in Estahban (n=95) were examined. The methods for evaluating were PATH and QEC. Data were analyzed by SPSS software using McNemar and Wilcoxon tests before and after the intervention. Method: This descriptive-analytic, cross-sectional and observational study was carried out at Workers in Estahban. People in the study in a simple random sampling method, 170 subjects were selected Results: Of the 95 (55.9%) of the workers, only the worker in the fig garden. Ergonomic interventions can be used as a remedial strategy and to be up right some of the problems of this group of farmers and 75 people (44.1%) were work also by other businesses. Sixteen (9.4%) were single and 154 (90.6%) were married, mean age was 47.5 ± 14.4 years and work experience was 26.4 ± 14.4. The prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in the organs was significantly different from the pre-intervention (P <0.001). The risk level of the PATH method before and after the intervention was less than 0.05. In the QEC method, the mean of total pre and post test scores was 94.36 ± 16.09 and 52.63 ± 18.16, respectively. Conclusion: Ergonomic interventions can be used as a corrective action and to reveal the problems and effects of musculoskeletal disorders in this group of farmers. 18 31 2018/08/162016/08/212019/02/17 1397/11/28 2019/07/72020/04/142019/07/7 1398/4/16 اردلان هوشیار Ardalan Hooshyar دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شیراز ایران غلامحسین حلوانی Gholamhosein Halvani دانشگاه علوم پزشکی پزشکی وخدمات بهداشتی درمانی یزد، ایران ایران حسین فلاح Hosein Fallah دانشگاه علوم پزشکی پزشکی وخدمات بهداشتی درمانی یزد، ایران ایران حمید زارع Hamid Zare سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی،استهبان، ایران ایران سهراب زراعتکار Sohrab Zeraatkar دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شیراز ایران Musculoskeletal Disorders Posture PATH Method QEC Method اختلالات اسکلتی عضلانی پوسچر روش PATH روش QEC 1 Ghanbary-Sartang A, Habibi E. Evaluation of musculoskeletal disorders risk using PATH method in construction workers. Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2016; 2 (4) :14-20##2 Gholami A, Eskandari D, Sheikh AA. Health and safety in vegetable agricultures: Specialist Journal of Safety, Health and Environment. 2015; 53. [Persian]##3 Khalil TM, Abdel-Moty E, Steele-Rosomoff R, Rosomoff HL. In: Karwowski, W. Marras ,W.S (Eds.), The occupational Ergonomics Handbook.CRC Press LLC. USA.1999##4 Colombini D, Occchipinti E, Cairoli S, Baracco A. Proposal and preliminary validation of a check-list for the assessment of occupational exposure to repetitive movements of the upper lims. La Medicina del Lavoro. 2000; 91, 470-85.##5 Buchholz B, Pquett V, Punnett L, Lee D, Moir S. PATH: a work sampling-based approach to ergonomic job analysis for construction and other non-repetitive work. Applied ergonomics. 1996; 27, 177-87.##6 Choobineh A. Posture analysis methods in occupational ergonomics. 1st ed, Fanavaran publication. Hamadan, Iran, 2004. [Persian]##7 How-Ran G, Ya-Ching C, Wen-Yu Y, Chun Wan C, Yeliang L. Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among workers in Taiwan: A nationwide study. Journal of occupational Health 2004; 26-36. ##8 Social Security Organization, Treatment Vice Chancellor. A report of statistics of medical commissions. 2000. [Persian]##9 Hooshyar A, Fallah H, Zare H, Halvani GH. Determine of prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and risk assessment with PATH method on Estahban fig orchard workers. Occupational Medicine Quarterly Journal 2018; 10(2): 51-61.##10 Zhang Z, Heinemann PH, Liu J, Schupp JR, Baugher TA. Design and field-test of a low-cost apple harvest-assist unit. Transactions of the ASABE. 2016; (56): 1149-56.##11 Devetter LW, Yang WQ, Takeda F, Korthuis S, LI C. Modified Over-the-Row Machine Harvesters to Improve Northern Highbush Blueberry Fresh Fruit Quality. Agriculture, 2019; 9(1): 1-10.##12 Sadeghi NEA. The Effect of Ergonomic Principles on the Physical Status of Saffron. Scientific Specialty of Labor Medicine. 2011; 1-7. ##13 Jamshidi HR, Daneshmandi H, Haghayegh A. 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بررسی رابطه بین استانداردهای فضای فیزیکی، تجهیزات، ایمنی و بهداشت بر روی سلامت عمومی پرسنل اتاق عمل بیمارستان های وابسته به دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بیرجند در سال 96-1395 The study of Environmental, Equipmental , Immunity ,Hygiene Standards and their correlation with Personnel General Health in Surgery Department of the Educational Hospitals in Birjand 2015-2016 1 1 مقدمه: تهدیدات سلامتی و ایمنی مرتبط با شغل، در بیمارستان‌ها و مراکز کلینیکی، به دلیل وجود فاکتورهای فیزیکی و روانی، جدی‌تر می‌باشد. لذا این مطالعه به‌منظور تعیین رابطه بین استانداردهای فضای فیزیکی، تجهیزات و ایمنی و بهداشت و سلامت عمومی پرسنل اتاق عمل بیمارستان‌های وابسته به دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بیرجند در سال 96 – 1395 اجرا گردید. روش بررسی: مطالعه توصیفی تحلیلی در تمامی اتاق های عمل جراحی بیمارستان‌های دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بیرجند و روی پرسنل شاغل (88 نفر) در آنها، انجام شـد. ابزار تحقیق شامل چک‌لیست بررسی استانداردهای تجهیزاتی (32 سؤال)، فضای فیزیکی (25 سؤال)، بهداشتی (23 سؤال)، ایمنی اتاق عمل (21 سؤال) و پرسشنامه GHQ-28 بود. اعتبار چک‌لیست، بر اساس روایی محتوا و ضریب پایایی 85/0 تأیید شد. داده‌هابا استفاده از نرم‌افزار 18/ SPSS و شاخص‌های مرکزی و آزمون همبستگی تجزیه و تحلیل گردید. نتایج: به‌طور متوسط 29/86 درصد استانداردهای اتاق عمل در بیمارستان‌های دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بیرجند رعایت شده است. استانداردهای تجهیزاتی با 62/89 درصد و استاندارد فضای فیزیکی با 71/82 درصد،به ترتیب، بیشترین و کمترین میزان را به خود اختصاص دادند. بین سلامت عمومی پرسنل و جنبه‌های مختلف استاندارد، رابطه مستقیم و مثبت وجود داشت، به این معنی که هر چقدر سطح استانداردها بالاتر بود؛ سلامت عمومی پرسنل نیز افزایش داشت. تنها، رابطه بین سلامت عمومی پرسنل و استانداردهای فضای فیزیکی و تجهیزاتی از نظر آماری معنادار بود (05/0<p). نتیجه گیری: مطالعه حاضر نشان داد محیط شغلی اتاق عمل، به‌خصوص وجود تجهیزات و فضای فیزیکی استاندارد و ایمن می‌تواند ارتباط قابل توجهی با سلامت عمومی افراد داشته باشد. لذا لازم است حفظ استانداردهای فیزیکی، ایمنی، تجهیزات و رعایت استانداردهای کنترل عفونت از دغدغه‌های اساسی مدیران است. 2 Introduction: Occupational health and safety threats in hospitals and clinical centers are more serious due to physical and psychological factors. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the relationship between physical space standards, equipment and safety and general health of operating room personnel in hospitals affiliated to Birjand University of Medical Sciences in 2015-2016. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was performed in all operating rooms of Birjand University of Medical Sciences hospitals and their personnel (n = 88). Research tools included equipment standards checklist (32 questions), physical space (25 questions), health (23 questions), operating room safety (21 questions) and GHQ-28 questionnaire. Checklist validity was confirmed based on the content validity and reliability coefficient of 0.85. Data were analyzed using SPSS / 18 software, central indices and correlation tests Results: On average, 86.29% of operating room standards were observed in Birjand University of Medical Sciences hospitals. Equipment standards (89.62%) and physical space standards (82.71%) were the highest and the lowest, respectively. There was a direct and positive relationship between the general health of personnel and the different aspects of standards, meaning that the higher the standard, the higher the general health of the personnel. Only the relationship between general health of personnel and standards of physical space and equipment was statistically significant (p <0.05). Conclusion: The present study show that the occupational environment of the operating room, especially the presence of standard and safe physical space and equipment could significantly correlate with general health. Therefore, it is essential for managers to maintain physical, safety, equipment and infection control standards. 32 41 2018/08/162016/08/212019/02/172019/04/7 1398/1/18 2019/07/72020/04/142019/07/72020/04/14 1399/1/26 الناز یزدان پرست ellnaz yazdan parast دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بیرجند ایران yazdanparast.e@bums.ac.ir فاطمه فخرعالی زاده fateme fakhrealizadeh دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بیرجند ایران fakhrealizadeh@sums.ac.ir فائزه داودی مقدم faeze davodi moghadam دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بیرجند ایران golebahari73@gmail.com حسین رمضانی hosien ramezani دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بیرجند ایران pmnghorbani@gmail.com سید حسن قربانی seyse hasan ghorbani دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بیرجند ایران ghorbani.h@gmu.ac.ir ملیحه داودی malihe davuodi دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد ایران davoudi.ma@bums.ac.ir General Health Operating Room Health Care Educational Hospital Standard سلامت عمومی اتاق عمل ایمنی بهداشت بیمارستان آموزشی استاندارد. 1. Dianat I, Sadghi A, Bagherzade J, Asghari-Jafarabadi M, Stedmon A. Objective and subjective assessments of lighting in a hospital setting: implications for health, safety and performance. Ergonomics. 2013; 56(10): 1535-1545.##2. Mousavi S, Hasibi M, Mokhtari Z, Shaham G. Evaluation of safety standards in operating rooms of Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) Hospitals in 2010. Payavard Salamat. 2011; 5(2): 10-7.##3. Naseri MH, Sadati L, Jalali A, Firuzabadi M, Golchini E. Assess of the Status of the Karaj Operating Rooms in Comparison with International Standards in 2011. Alborz University Medical Journal. 2012; 1(4): 213-9. ##4. Habibi R, Habibi GH, Jorabbafan H. Operating room safety standards in teaching hospitals of Qazvin (2012). The Journal Of Qazvin University Of Medical Sciences. 2014: 66-9.##5. Akbarzadeh R, Estaji z, Najjar L. Principles of nursing and work in the operating room. Tehran: Andishe Rafi; 2012.##6. Shahraki vahed A, Hydari M, Sanchooli J, Ghahri Sarabi AR. Introduction to Surgical Technology for BSc of Operating Room. Tehran: Jamenegar; 2010.##7. Jodati AR, Mohammadi B, Astanegi S. Compliance with universal precautions (UPS) among operating room (OR) personnel. Medical Journal of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences and health service. 2003; 25(3): 33-5.##8. Auerbach A ,Patel Mitesh S, Metlay J, Schnipper J, Robinson E, Lindenauer Peter. "The Hospital Medicine Reengineering Network: a learning organization focused on improving hospital care." Academic medicine: journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges. 2014; 89(3): 415.##9. Ahanian E, Mirzaei A, Salahshoorian A. The study of correlation between job stress and turnover intentions among the operating room nurses in selected hospitals of Tehran University of medical science." Journal of Acta Medica Mediterranea. 2016; 32: 1045-1050.##10. Mirmortazavi M, Ghafari A. Evaluation of the relation between occupational burnout and general health of operating room employees in the hospitals of Zahedan in 2014. Indian Journal of Public Health Research and Development. 2017; 8(1): 307-11.##11. Danjuma A, Babatunde A, Taiwo O,Micheal S. Rates and patterns of operating room hazards among Nigerian perioperative nurses. Journal of Perioperative & Critical Intensive Care Nursing. 2016; 2(1): 1-7.##12. Kolakari S, Sanakoo A, Mirkarimei F, Behnampour N. The level of stress among Gorgan University of Medical Sciences hospital operation room’s personals and its relation to some related factors. Journal Of Gorgan University Of Medical Sciences. 2002; 4(10): 54-59. ##13. Soleimani M, Kermani A, Hosseini F. A comparative study of the general health among staff nurses with fixed or rotating shift. Iran journal of nursing. 2007; 20(50): 21-8.##14. Kolakari SH, Sanakoo A, Mirkarimei F, Behnampour N. Use of the surgical safety checklist in the operating room: Operating room nurses’ perspectives. Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences. 2019; 35(3): 614-19.##15. Verwey S, Gopalan PD. An Investigation Of Barriers ToThe Use Of The World Health Organization Surgical Safety Checklist In Theatres. S Afr Med J. 2018; 108(1): 336-41.##16. Katz J. Noise in the operating room. Anesthesiology. The Journal of the American Society of Anesthesiologists. 2014; 121(4): 894-898. ##17. Sahebzadeh M, Javadinejad N, Farazandeh M. The Relationship between Physical Space Standards, Equipment, Safety, Health and Demographic Characteristics with Nursing Personnel Performance in Isfahan Teaching Hospitals. jhosp. 2011; 10(2): 76-87.##18. Xie A, Carayon P. A systematic review of human factors and ergonomics (HFE)-based healthcare system redesign for quality of care and patient safety. Ergonomics. 2015; 58(1): 33-49.##19. Heidari M, Hasani P, Shirvani M. Evaluation of the general health status and its related factors in medical staffs of Borujen Valyasr Hospital. Community Health Journal. 2017; 7(1): 42-9.##20. Assadi SM, Najafi F, Fazel S. Mental health in three generations of Iranian medical students and doctors. Soc Psychiatry & Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2007; 42(57-60).##21. Taqavi MR. Reliability and validity of mental health questionnaire (GHQ). Ravanshenasi Journal. 2001; 4(381-98).##22. Noorbala AA, BagheriYazdi SA, Yasami MT, Mohammad K. Mental health survey of the adult populationin Iran. Br J Psychiatry. 2004; 184(70-73).##23. Arsalani N, Fallahi-Khoshknab M, Josephson M, Lagerstrom M. Iranian nursing staff's self-reported general and mental health related to working conditions and family situation. International Nursing Review. [Article]. 2012; 59(3): 416-23.##24. Abdollahzade MF, Dianat I, Asghari E, Asghari-Jafarabadi M, Sokhanvar Z. Working posture and its predictors in hospital operating room nurses. Health Promot Perspect. 2016; 6(1): 17-22.##25. Golmohamadi R, ShafieeMotlagh M, Jamshidi Rastani M, Salimi N, Valizadeh Z. Assessment of Interior and Area Artificial Lighting in Hospitals of Hamadan City. Journal of Occupational Hygiene Engineering. 2014; 1(1): 47-56.##26. Aliyari M. Work environment health With motivation and efficiency. Tehran University Monthly Journal. 2000; 75: 40-3.##27. Ebrahimi Z, Farshad AA, Khosravi Y, Yarahmadi R. Problems of hospital from the perspective of human-system interface technology and recommended practices for improvement: a qualitative study. Iran Occupational Health Journal. 2017; 14(2): 55-71.##28. Akrami R, Akbar Zade R, Foji S. Assessment of safety standards in the operating room in hospital, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences in 2014. Journal Of Student Resarch Center. 2014; 19(1): 58-64.##29. Mohabati F, Keshtkaran V, Hedayati SP, Hatam N, Shahmoradi M. Compliance with the operating room safety standards in educational hospitals of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Journal of Health Management. 2008; 1(1): 5-11.##30. Shams A, Jabbari A, Niknam N, Zadeh AH, Mengelizadeh N, Mostafaie S. The study of safety management in the hospitalsaffiliated to Isfahan University of Medical Science in 2013. International Journal of Health System and Disaster Management. 2014; 2(3): 180.##31. Ghanbari Kakavand M, Rostami E, poursadeghiyan M, Abbasi M, Omidianidost A, Avakh A. Assessment of Safety ConditioninOne of the Teaching Hospitals in Kermanshah: A Case Study. Arch Hyg Sci. 2016; 5(4): 245-53.##32. Noorian C, Aien F, Delaram M, Kazemian A. The application level of the infection control methods in the operation wards of Shahrekord university hospitals compared to the standards in 2005. 2006.## ##

شناسایی و ارزیابی خطاهای انسانی با استفاده از روش تجزیه و تحلیل فاکتورهای انسانی و طبقه بندی سیستم مبتنی بر تئوری سلسه مراتبی فازی: مطالعه موردی در صنعت سیمان Identification and Evaluation of Human Errors Using Human Factor Analysis and Classification System based on Fuzzy Hierarchy Theory: A Case Study in the Cement Industry 1 1 زمینه و هدف: مطالعات عوامل انسانی نشان داده که حدود 80% از علل ریشه ای حوادث بزرگ که بر ایمنی، محیط زیست و یا ارگونومی تأثیر گذار بوده اند، مرتبط با خطای انسانی است. پژوهش حاضر با هدف شناسایی خطاهای انسانی با استفاده از روش HFACS و تئوری FAHP درصنعت سیمان انجام گرفته است. روش بررسی: مطالعه حاضر یک مطالعه گذشته نگر بوده که در صنعت سیمان انجام گرفت ابتدا گزارش تحلیلی علل ریشهای (RCA) ۹۵ حادثه که در طی 6 سال گذشته اتفاق افتاده بود، تهیه شد و سپس با ادغام روش HFACS و تئوری FAHP توسط 4 نفر مهندسین ایمنی کارخانه حوادث تجزیه و تحلیل گردیدند. یافته ها: نتایج حاصل از این پژوهش نشان میدهد که بیشترین خطاها مربوط به سطح اول با وزن 0.272 است یعنی خطاهای ناشی از اعمال ناایمن که در این سطح زیرگروه "خطای بر پایه مهارت" با وزن 0.269، سطح 2 زیرگروه "محیط صنعتی" با وزن 0.155، سطح 3 زیرگروه "نظارت ناکافی" با وزن 0.352و سطح 4 زیرگروه "مدیریت منابع" با وزن 0.393بیشترین تاثیر در سطوح مذکور دارند. نتیجه گیری: مطابق نتایج علل بروز حادثه، نقاط ضعف در کارخانه سیمان آشکار گردید همچنین تلفیق روش FAHP و HFACS با ارائه یک بنیاد تحلیلی و توانایی تصمیم گیری گروهی برای اطمینان از ارزیابی کمی حوادث کارخانه سیمان، کارایی تکنیک HFACS را بهبود می بخشد و با بکار گیری همزمان کنترلهای مدیریتی و ایجاد فضای آموزشی مناسب و همچنین بالا بردن سطح آگاهی افراد می توان به کاهش احتمال خطای انسانی در سازمان کمک کرد. 2 Introduction: Human factors studies have shown that about 80% of the root causes of major accidents affecting safety, the environment or ergonomics are related to human error. The purpose of this study was to identify human errors using the HFACS method and the FAHP theory in cement industry. Methods: The present study was a retrospective study carried out in the cement industry. At first, RCA analysis of 95 incidents occurred during the past six years. Then, by integrating the human factors analysis and classification system technique ) HFACS(and the theory of fuzzy analytic hierarchy process ) FAHP( with 4 safety engineers The accident factory was analyzed. Results: The results of this study show that the highest errors are related to the first level with a weight of 0.272, that is, the errors caused by unsafe acts, at this level of the subgroup "skill-based error" with a weight of 0.269, the 2nd level of the sub-group "industrial environment" with a weight of 0.155 , The 3rd subgroup of "inadequate supervision" with the weight of 0.352 and the 4th sub-category "resource management" with a weight of 0.393 have the highest impact on the levels. Conclusion: The results showed that errors have various causes, including individual, activity, situational, and organizational errors that require careful planning and management to eliminate or reduce these errors. This error reduction, according to safety expert theory, Health and environment of the cement plant including the promotion and effectiveness of staff training, safety guidelines, improvement of staff performance monitoring, identification, evaluation and elimination of high-risk risks, improvement of management and equipment systems, changing safety attitudes, as well as enhancing safety attitudes. Awareness can help reduce the likelihood of human error in the organization. 42 58 2018/08/162016/08/212019/02/172019/04/72018/08/13 1397/5/22 2019/07/72020/04/142019/07/72020/04/142020/04/14 1399/1/26 داوود افشاری davod afshari علوم پزشکی جندی شاپور اهواز ایران davodafi@yahoo.com زهره جعفرزاده zohre jafarzadeh علوم پزشکی جندی شاپور اهواز ایران zohre.jafarzade20@yahoo.com زینب موسویان اصل zeinab mosavianasl دانشکده علوم پزشکی لارستان ایران Z.mosavianasl@gmail.com فرشته جهانی fereshteh jahani مربی، گروه مهندسی ایمنی، مرکز آموزش عالی لامرد، لامرد، ایران. ایران jahani.f71@gmail.com human error cement factory root cause analysis HFACS technique FAHP technique خطای انسانی کارخانه سیمان تحلیل علل ریشه ای تکنیک HFACS تکنیکFAHP 1. Amiri M, Ardeshir A, Zarandi MHF. Risk-based analysis of construction accidents in Iran during 2007-2011-meta analyze study. Iranian journal of public health. 2014;43(4):507. [Persian]##2. Warch SL. Quantifying the financial impact of occupational injuries and illnesses, and the costs and benefits associated with an ergonomic risk control intervention within the uniprise business segment of united health group [MS thesis]. Graduate College, University of Wisconsin, USA. 2002.##3. Hu W-L, Meyer JJ, Wang Z, Reid T, Adams DE, Prabnakar S, et al. Dynamic data driven approach for modeling human error. Procedia Computer Science. 2015;51:1643-54.##4. Daramola AY. An investigation of air accidents in Nigeria using the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS) framework. Journal of Air Transport Management. 2014;35:39-50.##5. Feyer A-M, Williamson AM, Cairns DR. The involvement of human behaviour in occupational accidents: errors in context. Safety Science. 1997;25(1):55-65.##6. DIEHL A, editor The effectiveness of training programs for preventing aircrew'error'. International Symposium on Aviation Psychology, 6 th, Columbus, OH; 1991.##7. Jensen RS. The boundaries of aviation psychology, human factors, aeronautical decision making, situation awareness, and crew resource management. The international journal of aviation psychology. 1997;7(4):259-67.##8. Cacciabue PC. Human error risk management methodology for safety audit of a large railway organization2005a.##9. Shappell SA, Wiegmann DA. A human error approach to accident investigation: The taxonomy of unsafe operations. The International Journal of Aviation Psychology. 1997;7(4):269-91.##10. Reason J. Human error: Cambridge university press; 1990.##11. Dekker SW. Reconstructing human contributions to accidents: the new view on error and performance. Journal of Safety Research. 2002;33(3):371-85.##12. Reinach S, Viale A. Application of a human error framework to conduct train accident/incident investigations. Accident Analysis & Prevention. 2006;38(2):396-406.##13. Milligan FJ. Establishing a culture for patient safety–The role of education. Nurse Education Today. 2007;27(2):95-102.##14. ElBardissi AW, Wiegmann DA, Dearani JA, Daly RC, Sundt TM. Application of the human factors analysis and classification system methodology to the cardiovascular surgery operating room. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 2007;83(4):1412-9.##15. Shirali G, Karami E, Goodarzi Z. Human errors identification using the human factors analysis and classification system technique (HFACS). Journal of Health and Safety at Work. 2013;3(3):45-54. [Persian]##16. Celik M, Cebi S. Analytical HFACS for investigating human errors in shipping accidents. Accident Analysis & Prevention. 2009;41(1):66-75.##17. Mikhailov L, Tsvetinov P. Evaluation of services using a fuzzy analytic hierarchy process. Applied Soft Computing. 2004;5(1):23-33.##18. Rooney JJ, Heuvel LNV. Root cause analysis for beginners. Quality progress. 2004;37(7):45-56.##19. Zadeh LA. Fuzzy sets. Fuzzy Sets, Fuzzy Logic, And Fuzzy Systems: Selected Papers by Lotfi A Zadeh: World Scientific; 1996. p. 394-432. [Persian]##20. Xu Z, Khoshgoftaar TM, Allen EB. Application of fuzzy expert systems in assessing operational risk of software. Information and software technology. 2003;45(7):373-88.##21. Shirali G, Karami E, Goodarzi Z. Human errors identification using the human factors analysis and classification system technique (HFACS). Health and Safety at Work. 2013;3(3):45-54. [Persian]##22. Lenne MG, Salmon PM, Liu CC, Trotter M. A systems approach to accident causation in mining: an application of the HFACS method. Accident analysis & prevention. 2012;48:111-7.##23. Ting FAL-Y, Dai SBD-M, editors. The identification of human errors leading to accidents for improving aviation safety. Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC), 2011 14th International IEEE Conference on; 2011: IEEE.##24. Shappell S, Wiegmann D, editors. HFACS analysis of military and civilian aviation accidents: A North American comparison. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the International Society of Air Safety Investigators; 2004.##25. Omole H, Walker G. Offshore transport accident analysis using HFACS. Procedia Manufacturing. 2015;3:1264-72.##26. Petruni A, Giagloglou E, Douglas E, Geng J, Leva MC, Demichela M. Applying Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to choose a human factors technique: Choosing the suitable Human Reliability Analysis technique for the automotive industry. Safety Science. 2017 May 29.##27. Babaeipouya A, Mosavianasl Z, Amani S, Moazez Ardebili N. Human error analysis in neonatal intensive care unit by predictive analysis of cognitive errors. J Occup Environ Health. 2017;3(1):38-47. [Persian]##28. Babaei Pouya A, Hazrati S, Mosavianasl Z, Habibi E. Systematic Human Error Reduction and Prediction Approach: Case Study in Cement Industry Control Room. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health. 2017;2(4):272-84. [Persian]##29. Nezamodini Z, Ahmadabadi S, Mosavianasl Z. Application of job safety analysis and inspecting the changes in identification of hazards in a cement industry in Fars province in 2017. International Journal of Biomedicine and Public Health. 2019 Mar 31;2(1):26-30. [Persian]## ##

ارزیابی مشخصه های آنتروپومتری استاتیک کودکان 2 تا 6 سال در مهد کودک و پیش دبستانی های شهر اصفهان و مقایسه با اطلاعات آنترپومتریک بلژیک Evaluation of static anthropometric characteristics of 2 to 6 year old children in kindergartens and preschools in Isfahan 1 1 مقدمه: تامین آسایش کافی و مناسب در گروههای سنی مختلف ضروری می باشد و سبب افزایش بهره وری و بهبود وظایف روزانه افراد می گردد. که این امر با درنظر گرفتن اصول ارگونومی در طراحی وسایل و تجهیزات صورت می پذیرد. لذا مطالعه حاضر با هدف اندازه گیری ابعاد بدنی کودکان 2 تا 6 سال مهدکودک و پیش دبستانی های شهر اصفهان و مقایسه نتایج آن با استاندارد کشور بلژیک شد. شاخص های بدست آمده از متغیرهای آنترپومتریک جهت طراحی تجهیزات برای فعالیتهای تفریحی و هم برای بخش های آموزشی مناسب می باشد. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه دادهای مربوط به 24 بعد آنترپومتریک 700 کودک( 350 نفر پسر و 350 نفر دختر) در رنج سنی 2 تا 6 سال با استفاده از دو صفحه مدرج عمود برهم ( 1*2 متری)، کولیس با فک متحرک و متر نواری سنجش گردید. متغیر های بدست آمده با استفاده از نرم افزار Spss نسخه 20 آنالیز و شاخص های آماری و صدکهای آماری( 5،50 و 95) استخراج و سپس صدک ( 5 و 95) بدست آمده با استاندارد کشور بلژیک مقایسه شد. نتایج: شاخصهای آماری و صدکها به صورت یک پایگاه داده آنتروپومتریک در 5 گروه سنی ارائه و مشخص گردید سن بر روی 24 بعد آنترپومتریک مورد سنجش اثر دارد و اختلاف معنا دار می باشد) 05/0< (P . همچنین مقایسه صدک 5 و 95 متغیرهای آنترپومتریک با استاندارد بلژیک در بیشتر متغیرها اختلاف معناداری را نشان داد) 05/0 P < ( نتیجه گیری: سن و ژنتیک دوعامل تاثیر گذار بر متغیرهای آنترپومتری می باشند. لذا ضروری است در طراحی وسایل و تجهیزات از بانک اطلاعات آنترپومتریک تهیه شده به همان گروه سنی و کشور استفاده نمود 2 Introduction :The adequacy of facilities and the individual securities in their different age groups is importance to ensure greater functionality to them, allowing full development of daily activities. The present study aimed to measure body dimensions of a representative sample of children aged 2 to 6 years old Kindergarten and preschool children in the city of Isfahan compare with physical dimensions Belgium.Anthropometric variables more appropriate to design products for both the leisure activities, and for the school sector. Methods: In this study, we measured 24 static anthropometric dimensions of 700 people sample including 350 male and 350 female in kindergarten and preschool from Isfahan aged 2–6 years usig rated vertical planes with 2*1 meter dimension, caliper with a movable jaw and tape measure .These data were analyzed by SPSS software, version 20 and descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, max and min level ,median, mode and percentiles value was calculated for each dimension. Then the percentiles (5 and 95) were obtained Compared to the Belgian standard and the percentage of difference between them was determined. Results: Descriptive static anthropometric dimensions and percentiles value were presented as an anthropometric database in 5 age group also showed genders and ages had effects in a set of 24 anthropometric dimensions.(p<0.05) Conclusion: Age and gender are all affecting anthropometric variables. According to the results of this study, it is necessary to use the anterpometric database prepared by the same age group and country in the design of the equipment. Methods: In this study, we measured 24 static anthropometric dimensions of 700 people sample including 350 male and 350 female in kindergarten and preschool from Isfahan aged 2–6 years usig rated vertical planes with 2*1 meter dimension, caliper with a movable jaw and tape measure .These data were analyzed by SPSS software, version 20 and descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, max and min level ,median, mode and percentiles value was calculated for each dimension. Then the percentiles (5 and 95) were obtained Compared to the Belgian standard and the percentage of difference between them was determined. Results: Descriptive static anthropometric dimensions and percentiles value were presented as an anthropometric database in 5 age group also showed genders and ages had effects in a set of 24 anthropometric dimensions.(p<0.05) Conclusion: Age and gender are all affecting anthropometric variables. According to the results of this study, it is necessary to use the anterpometric database prepared by the same age group and country in the design of the equipment. 59 71 2018/08/162016/08/212019/02/172019/04/72018/08/132018/10/9 1397/7/17 2019/07/72020/04/142019/07/72020/04/142020/04/142019/07/7 1398/4/16 مجید زرین کفش majid zarinkafsh مرکز بهداشت شهرستان گلپلیگان ایران zarinkafsh365@gmail.com غلامحسین حلوانی gholamhosein halvani دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد ایران halvani37@yahoo.com حسین فلاح hosein falah دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد ایران Fallah_hossein@yahoo.com مهسا عسگری mahsa asgari مرکز بهداشت شهرستان گلپلیگان ایران mahsa.asgari7274@gmail.com Anthropometric Dimensions children Database متغیرهای آنترپومتریک کودکان بانک اطلاعات 1. Pheasant, S. 2016. Bodyspace: Anthropometry, Ergonomics and the Design of Work. Taylor and Francis. Third ed.##2. Roghayeh Abedini , Alireza Choobineh , Ahmad Soltanzadeh , Kiyamars Hoseinzadeh , Fatemeh Hassani , Najmeh Amiri .Static Anthropometric Dimensions and Regression Equations among Student Population. 2012.##3. Brauer R. Safety and Health for Engineers “John Wiley & Sons. Inc œ 2nd Ed. 2006.##4. Murphy S, Buckle P, Stubbs D. A cross-sectional study of self-reported back and neck pain among English schoolchildren and associated physical and psychological risk factors. Applied Ergonomics. 2007;38(6):797-804.##5. Mirmohammadi SJ, Hafezi R, Mehrparvar AH, Gerdfaramarzi RS, Mostaghaci M, Nodoushan RJ, et al. An epidemiologic study on anthropometric dimensions of 7-11-year-old Iranian children: considering ethnic differences. Ergonomics. 2013;56(1):90-102.##6. Abeysekera JD, Shahnavaz H. Body size variability between people in developed and developing countries and its impact on the use of imported goods. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics. 1989;4(2):139-49.##7. Simmons KP, Istook CL. Body measurement techniques: Comparing 3D body-scanning and anthropometric methods for apparel applications. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management: An International Journal. 2003;7(3):306-32.##8. R. Heidarimoghadam, R. Golmohammadi, G. Roshanaei, R. Zare,. Assessing the match between female primary students’ anthropometric dimensions and furniture dimensions in Hamadan schools in 2013.2015, 5(1): 47-56.##9. Habibi E, Sadeghi N, Mansouri F, Sadeghi M, Ranjbar M. Comparison of Iranian student's anthropometric information and American and English standards. Jahrom University of Medical Sciences. 2012;2.##10. Mohammad Ghofrani HN, Ahmad Roshan Bakhsh Yazdi. Assessing the appropriateness of educational furniture with body size of students in Yazd. Ergonomics. 2014;2(1).##11. ImanDianat, Mohammad Ali Karimi, Ahmad Asl Hashemi, Samira Bahrampour. Classroom furniture and anthropometric characteristics of Iranian high school students: Proposed dimensions based on anthropometric data. Applied ergonomics. 2013;44(1):101-8.##12. Bhadrabati Biswas, Farzana Bintay Zahid, Rahat Ara, M.S. Parvez, A.S.M.Hoque. Mismatch between classroom furniture and anthropometric measurements of Bangladeshi primary school students. International Conference on Mechanical, Industrial and Energy Engineering 2014.##13. Arpaci F. the investigation of the anthrorpometric dimension of the university student in desk design for the classroom. International Journal of Academic Research. 2013;5(2):217-21.##14. Noori H, Roshan bakhsh yazdi A. Assessing the appropriateness of educational furniture with body size of students in Yazd. Ergonomic,2014## ##

عارضه یابی و طراحی ارگونومیک ایستگاه کار جوشکاری اکسی گاز به روش RULA. مورد مطالعه: کارگاه های آموزشی Diagnosis and Ergonomic Design of Oxy Gas Welding Workstation by RULA Method. Case Study: Welding Workshops 1 1 مقدمه: کار در شرایط نامناسب می‌تواند باعث بروز صدمات جسمانی شود. در اکثر رشته‌های مهندسی دانشجویان می‌بایست بخشی از فعالیت‌های آموزشی خود را در کارگاه‌های گوناگون از جمله جوشکاری به انجام برسانند، چنانچه شرایط کاری مناسبی فراهم نشده باشد می‌تواند سبب بروز عوارض جسمانی شود. طراحی ارگونومیک ایستگاه‌های کار می‌تواند راهکاری برای حفظ سلامت نیروی انسانی محسوب شود. پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی تاثیر راهکارهای علم ارگونومی در بازطراحی ایستگاه های کار و درجهت بهبود شرایط کار در کارگاه‌های آموزشی انجام شده است. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه که به روش میدانی و موردی می‌باشد، ایستگاه‌های کاری کارگاه جوشکاری یکی از دانشگاه‌های دولتی به عنوان نمونه مطالعاتی انتخاب گردید. برای بررسی دقیق‌تر وضعیت محیط کارگاه، از روش ارزیابی محیط کار (روش فنلاندی) استفاده شده‌است. سپس شاخص‌های بحرانی وضعیت ایستگاه‌های کاری به روش RULA و با استفاده از نرم‌افزار CATIA تحلیل شده و راهکارهای پیشنهادی ارائه گردیده است. نتایج: نتایج حاصل از ارزیابی محیط کارگاه جوشکاری گویای لزوم اصلاح فاکتورهای محیطی و بالا بردن سطح ایمنی در کارگاه آموزشی می‌باشد. همچنین نتابج به دست آمده از روش RULA نشان‌دهنده نیاز جدی به اصلاح ایستگاه‌های کاری موجود می‌باشد. سطوح بحرانی بدست آمده از پوسچرکاری جوشکاری در وضعیت اولیه برای سمت راست و چپ بدن به ترتیب 6 و 7 بوده که پس از طراحی مجدد و اصلاح شرایط به 3 و 4 کاهش پیدا کرده است. نتیجه‌گیری: نامناسب بودن پوسچر افراد در هنگام فعالیت جوشکاری باعث ایجاد صدمات جدی به بخش‌های مختلف بدن به ویژه ستون مهره‌ها و گردن می‌شود. بازطراحی بر اساس استانداردهای ایستگاه های کاری ایستاده- نشسته می‌تواند راه‌حل مناسبی برای اصلاح پوسچر افراد در هنگام جوشکاری اکسی‌گاز باشد. ایستگاه‌‌کاری بازطراحی شده دارای ویژگی‌هایی از جمله افزایش تسلط و دقت‌کاری در هنگام جوشکاری، افزایش تطابق ایستگاه‌کاری با افراد از طریق تنظیم ارتفاع میز، صندلی و زاویه سطح میز می‌باشد. 2 Introduction: Working under non-ergonomic situations can cause physical damage. It's compulsory for the students of almost every engineering discipline to do parts of their training activitiy in various workshops including welding workstations; needless to say, the paucity of appropriate situations in such workshops may lead to physical injuries. On the other hand, ergonomic design of workstations can be considered a way to keep human health. The purpose of this study is an investigation onthe application of ergonomic solutions in the design of workstations and Working situation improvement in oxy gaseous welding workshops. Method: In this study, workstations of the welding workshops in one of the public universities were selected as the case studies. To carry out a more accurate evaluation of the workshop environment, assessment of the work environment (FIOH MSD) has been used as method. The critical indicators of the current status of workstations were analyzed, using the CATIA V5 R21 software, the RULA method, and the proposed solutions. Result: The results of the RULA clearly indicate a serious need to workstations's reform and Improve their level of safety. The Risk levels for the left and right hands were 6 and 7, which were decrease to 3 and 4 after redesigning the workplace and reforming its situations. Conclusion: Studies and assessment indicate that during welding activities, postures of people cause serious injuries to various parts of the body, especially the spine and neck. Therefore, workplace redesigning that is based on sit-stand workstation standards can be a suitable solution to correct the posture of people in oxy gas welding workshops.Workstation redesigned involve some features such a increasing the dexterity and delicacy during welding and the proper use of Inclusive Design factors to adjust the height of table, chair and the angle of table surface. 72 81 2018/08/162016/08/212019/02/172019/04/72018/08/132018/10/92018/03/25 1397/1/5 2019/07/72020/04/142019/07/72020/04/142020/04/142019/07/72019/07/7 1398/4/16 حسین پورنگ Hossein Poorang دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران ایران db.hosseinpoorang@yahoo.com حسن صادقی نائینی Hasan Sadeghi naeini دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران ایران naeini@iust.ac.ir روزبه قوسی Roozbeh Ghousi دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران ایران ghousi@iust.ac.ir Ergonomics RULA Workstation Design Welding ارگونومی رولا طراحی ایستگاه کار جوشکاری 1-Esbati M.; Khaleghian M.; Parkani A. Complex regulations difficult and hazardous jobs: Fadak Isatis. 2012 [Persian]##2-Korpinen L.; Suuronen N.; Latva-Teikari J.; Pääkkönen R. A questionnaire on the health effects of new technical equipment. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics. 2009; 39(1): 105-114##3-Bongers PM, Kremer AM, Ter Laak J. Are psychosocial factors, risk factors foe symptoms and signs of the Shoulder, elbow, or hand/wrist? A review of the epidemiological literature. Am J Ind Med. 2002; 41(5):315-342##4-Sadeghi Naeini H. Occuoational Health Promotion throughout an Interventional Ergonomics Design (Case Study: Ergonomics cart design at a Food Manufacturing Company in Iran). International Journal of Occupational Hygiene (IJOH). 2016;(7):172-176 [Persian]##5-Nasiri I, Moatamedzadeh M, Golmohammadi R, Fardmal J. Assessment of risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders using the Rapid Office Strain Assessment (ROSA) Method and implementing ergonomics intervention programs in Sepah Bank. Journal of Health and Safety at Work. 2015;5 (2). [Persian]##6-Jafari S M, Fazli B, Nurani M, Sharifpoor Z, Soltani gerdfaramarzi R. Risk assessment of musculoskeletal disorder by RULA method, and effect evaluation of ergonomic training on tailor working conditions. tkj. 2013; 5 (2) :43-50##7-Bhattacharya A. Costs of occupational musculo-skeletal disorders (MSDs) in the United States. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics. 2014;(44):448-454##8-Choobineh A.; Daneshmandi.; Fallah Poor A.; Rahimi Fard H. Ergonomic assessment of musculoskeletal disorders risk level among workers of a petrochemical company. Iran Occupational Health. 2013; 10(3): 78-88.[Persian]##9-Kushwaha D, Kane P. Ergonomic assessment and workstation design of shipping crane cabin in steel industry . International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics. 2016; 52(1):29-39##10-IJCSCE Special issue on “Emerging Trends in Engineering” ICETIE 2012 Ergonomics in the Welding Environment, Safety and Health Fact Sheet No. 13. American Welding Society. , 2013##11-Macdiarmid JI, Ross JA, Taylor CL, Watt SJ, Adie W,Osman LM, et al. Co-ordinated investigation into the possible long term health effects of diving at work. Examination of the long term health impact of diving: The ELTHI diving study. 2005; 2(5): 18-25##12-Malikraj.s, Kumar.T S, Ganguly.A.K. Ergonomicintervention ON Musculoskeletal Problems Among Welders. International Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology. 2011; 2(3):33-35##13-Karwowski W, Marras WS. The occupational ergonomicshandbook: CRC Press; 1999##14-Soltani R, Dehghani Y, SadeghiNaeini H. 2011, Ergonomic evaluation of welders body posture with OWAS methods. Journal of Occupational Medicine Specialist.2011; 3(1). [Persian]##15-Rahimian JT, Choobineh A, Dehghan N, Rahimian RT, Kolahi H, Abbasi M, Abbaszadeh M. Ergonomic Evaluation of Exposure to Musculoskeletal Disorders Risk Factors in Welders. Journal of Ergonomics.2014; 1(3):18-26. [Persian]##16-Dehghani Y, Soltani R, Sadeghi Naeini H, Flahati M, zokayi M.Evaluation of the physical posture of welders by OWAS assessment method. Journal of Occupational Medicine. 2011; 3(1):34-39. [Persian]##17-Chaudhary ,Ruchi, Ajit, Kapahi, Meena . Verma ,Manisha.Combined Study of Welding Work and Ergonomics Risk Analysis Process International Journal of Computer Science and Communication Engineerin.2012.##18-Chiasson M, Imbeau D, Aubry K, Delisle A. Comparing the results of eight methods used to evaluate risk factors associated with musculoskeletal disorders. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics. 2012; 42: 478-488##19-Deros BM, Daruis D, Basir I. A Study on Ergonomic Awareness among Workers Performing Manual Material Handling Activities. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 2015;195: 1666 – 1673##20-Sadeghi Naeini H, Karupia K, Tamrin Sh, Dalal K. Ergonpmics in agriculture: An approach in Prevention of Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WMSDs). Journal of Agriculture and Enviromental Sciences. 2014; 3(2):35-51##21-Ahonen, M., Launis, M., Kuorinka, T. Ergonomic Workplace Analysis. Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Ergonomics Section, Helsinki.1989##22-Razavi H, Behboodi H.Ergonomic assessment and design of sales and charging booths in Mashhad. Journal of Health and Safety at Work. 2015;5 (1):75-89 [Persian]##23-Nasl-Seraji J, Fahol M, Golbabaei F, Lahmi M, Alimohammadi I. Assessment &evaluation of posture by RULAin an electronics and electricity manufactory in 2002. ioh. 2007; 4 (3 and 4) :10-17 [Persian]##24-Kumar P, Chakrabarti D, Patel T, Chowdhuri A. Work-related pains among the workers associated with pine apple peeling in small fruit processing units of North East India. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics. 2016;53:124-129##25- Vignais N, Bernard F, Touvenot G, Sagot J. Physical risk factors identification based on body sensor network combined to videotaping. Applied Ergonomics. 2017; 1-8## ##

سنجش جیوه ادرار در دانشجویان و اساتید دانشکده دندانپزشکی دارای مواجهه با بخارات جیوه به روش جذب اتمی بخار سرد Study of occupational exposure to mercury vapors in specialists Students at the Faculty of ‎Dentistry With Cold vapor atomic absorption technique 1 1 مقدمه: دندانپزشکان، به‌دلیل مواجهه شغلی با آمالگام، در معرض استنشاق بخار جیوه هستند که سلامتی آن‌ها را به مخاطره می‌اندازد. هدف از انجام این مطالعه تعیین تأثیر بخار جیوه بر غلظت جیوه ادرار دانشجویان و متخصصان دندانپزشکی یکی از دانشکده‌های دندانپزشکی ایران بود. روش بررسی: جامعه مورد مطالعه شامل 40 نفر از دانشجویان و 10 نفر اساتید دندانپزشکی بودند. نمونه ادرار در پایان وقت کاری جمع‌آوری و غلظت جیوه آن با روش طیف‌سنجی جذب اتمی بخار سرد اندازه‌گیری شد. پرسشنامه‌ای به منظور تعیین تاثیر برخی عوامل شخصی و محیطی بر میزان جیوه ادراری توسط افراد تکمیل شد. آنالیز اطلاعات با استفاده از نرم افزار spss انجام شد. یافته‌ها: میانگین جیوه ادرار دانشجویان دندانپزشکی μg/l 34/4 ± 18/15 و متخصصین ترمیمی μg/l 05/1 ± 11/4 بدست آمد. اختلاف معنی داری بین غلظت ادراری جیوه در دو گروه فوق وجود داشت (0/001>P). در اساتید بین جیوه ادراری و ساعت کاری در روز همبستگی منفی بدست آمد (r=-0/789 ،P=0/007). همچنین در این مطالعه بین جیوه ادراری با جنس، سن، نوع آمالگام مصرفی، مصرف سیگاری و تعداد ترمیم های آمالگامی از لحاظ آماری ارتباط معنی‌داری وجود داشت. نتیجه‌گیری: اگرچه سطح جیوه ادراری تمام نمونه‌ها از مقدار توصیه شده توسط ACGIH کمتر بود با این حال توصیه می‌شود به طور مرتب میزان جیوه محیط کار دندانپزشکان ارزیابی گردد. 2 Introduction: dentists are exposed to mercury vapor due to occupational exposure to amalgam Which can endanger their health. the aim of this study was to measure the concentration of urinary mercury in dental students and the restorative specialists one of the dental schools in Iran in order to determine the effect of mercury vapor on them. Methods: The study population Including 40 dental students and 10 restoration specialists. Sample urine at the end of work time was collected, and the concentration of mercury in urine was measured by cold vapor atomic absorption spectrophotometry. A questionnaire was completed to determine the effects of some personal and environmental factors on the amount of urinary mercury. Data were analyzed by using SPSS software. Results: The mean concentration of urinary mercury in dental students was 15.18±4.34μg/L and the restoration specialists were 4.11±1.05μg/l. In addition, there was a significant difference between the concentrations of urinary mercury in the two groups (P <0.001). At specialist professors There was a negative correlation between urinary mercury and working hours per day (r=-0.78, p=0.007). Also, in this study, there was a significant relationship between urine mercury and sex, age, type of amalgam consumed, consumption of smoking and the number of amalgam restorations. Conclusion: Although the level of urine mercury in all samples was lower The recommended amount of ACGIH .Finally, the study is recommended mercury level monitoring for regularly evaluation of the workplace. 82 91 2018/08/162016/08/212019/02/172019/04/72018/08/132018/10/92018/03/252019/04/8 1398/1/19 2019/07/72020/04/142019/07/72020/04/142020/04/142019/07/72019/07/72020/04/14 1399/1/26 سید تقی میر محمدی seyed taghi ‎ mirmohammadi ‎ دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مازندران ایران seyedtaghim@gmail.com سیده زهرا حسینعلی پور seyedeh zahra hoseinalipour دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مازندران ایران szh_alipour@yahoo.com آرام تیرگر Aram ‎ Tirgar دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بابل ایران aramtirgar@yahoo.com بیژن شعبانخانی Bizhan ‎ shabankhani دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مازندران ایران shabankhani@yahoo.com Urine mercury amalgam mercury vapor‎ جیوه ادرار آمالگام دندانپزشکی ‎1.‎ American Dental Association. Dental Amalgam: Update on safety concerns (Internet). ‎‎2010 (cited 2015 Feb 12). 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