بررسی شیوع و مقایسه میزان اضطراب پرسنل اورژانس پیش بیمارستانی و اورژانس بیمارستانی شهر بیرجند در همه گیری کووید-19 Prevalence investigation and Comparison of Anxiety of Pre-Hospital Emergency and Hospital Emergency Personnel in Birjand in Covid-19 Epidemic 1 1 مقدمه:کرونا ویروس خانواده بزرگی از ویروسهااند که ممکن باعث عفونتهای تنفسی شوند. اخیراً همهگیری بیماری کرونا ویروس جدید(کووید-19) منجر به ایجاد اضطراب زیادی در سراسر جهان شده است. با توجه به اینکه کارکنان اورژانس پیش بیمارستانی و اورژانس بیمارستانی اولین کسانیاند که در خط اول مبارزه و در معرض آلودگی با ویروس کووید-19 هستند، هدف از انجام این مطالعه بررسی میزان اضطراب پرسنل اورژانس پیش بیمارستانی و اورژانس بیمارستانی شهر بیرجند در همهگیری کووید-19 میباشد. روش بررسی:در این مطالعه توصیفی-مقطعی270 نفر از پرسنل اورژانس پیش بیمارستانی و اورژانس بیمارستانی، به‌صورت سرشماری در سال 1400وارد مطالعه شدند. ابزار جمع‌آوری اطلاعات در این مطالعه شامل پرسشنامه اطلاعات دموگرافیک و مقیاس اضطراب کرونا ویروس (CDAS) بود. تجزیه‌وتحلیل اطلاعات با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SPSS نسخه 21 و آزمونهای آماری توصیفی و استنباطی صورت گرفت. یافته ها:میانگین نمره علائم روانی پرسنل اورژانس پیش بیمارستانی (65/20)، بالاتر از پرسنل اورژانس بیمارستانی (78/17) بود. همچنین میانگین نمره علائم جسمانی پرسنل اورژانس پیش بیمارستانی(09/16)، بالاتر از پرسنل اورژانس بیمارستانی(73/17) به دست آمد. بین پرسنل اورژانس پیش بیمارستانی و اورژانس بیمارستانی ازنظر میانگین اضطراب تفاوت معنیدار وجود داشت(001/0 >P). نتیجه گیری:بر اساس نتایج مطالعه ارائه‌شده و تلفات ناشی از این بیماری در کارکنان مراقبتهای بهداشتی-درمانی به دلیل قرارگیری در خط اول مقابله با بیماری کووید-19پیشنهاد میشود سیاستگزاران سلامت اقدامات لازم را جهت کاهش اضطراب کادر درمانی بیندیشند. 2 Introduction: Coronavirus is a large family of viruses that may cause respiratory infections. Recently, a new coronavirus epidemic (COVID-19) has caused great anxiety worldwide. Given that pre-hospital and hospital emergency staffs are the first group of frontliners to be exposed to and fight COVID-19 infection, this study aimed to investigate the anxiety of pre-hospital and hospital emergency staff in Birjand during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 270 pre-hospital and hospital emergency personnel were included in the census method in 2021. Data collection tools included a demographics form and the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CDAS). Data analysis was performed in SPSS software version 21 using descriptive and inferential statistical tests. Results: The mean score of psychological symptoms of pre-hospital emergency personnel (20.65%) was higher than hospital emergency personnel (17.78%). Also, the mean score of physical symptoms of pre-hospital emergency personnel (16.09%) was greater than that of hospital emergency personnel (17.73). There was a significant difference between pre-hospital and hospital emergency personnel regarding the mean anxiety score (P <0.001). Conclusion: Considering these results and the associated morbidity rate in healthcare providers caused by their presence in the first line of treatment against the COVID-19 infection, health policymakers are suggested to take the necessary steps to reduce the anxiety of the medical staff. 1 11 2022/05/9 1401/2/19 2022/08/25 1401/6/3 طاهره بلوچی بیدختی Tahereh Baloochi Beydokhti دانشگاه علوم پزشکی گناباد ایران akbari.r69@yahoo.com رسول سلیمانی مقدم rasool solaimani moghaddam دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بیرجند ایران rasool.solaimani@yahoo.com Coronavirus Emergency Anxiety Covid 19. کرونا ویروس اورژانس اضطراب کووید19 1.Lai C-C, Shih T-P, Ko W-C, Tang H-J, Hsueh P-R. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): The epidemic and the challenges. International journal of antimicrobial agents. 2020;55(3):105924.##2.Chan JF-W, Yuan S, Kok K-H, To KK-W, Chu H, Yang J, et al. A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster. The lancet. 2020;395(10223):514-23.##3.Yu X, Zhao Y, Li Y, Hu C, Xu H, Zhao X, et al. Factors Associated With Job Satisfaction of Frontline Medical Staff Fighting Against COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study in China. Frontiers in public health. 2020;8:426##4.Rahmanian M, Kamali AR, Mosalanezhad H, Foroughian M, Kalani N, Hatami N, et al. A Comparative Study on Anxiety of Medical and Non-medical Staff due to Exposure and Non-exposure‎ to the Novel Coronavirus Disease. Journal of Arak University of Medical Sciences. 2020;23(5):710-23.##5.Spiller TR, Méan M, Ernst J, Sazpinar O, Gehrke S, Paolercio F, et al. Development of health care workers' mental health during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in Switzerland: two cross-sectional studies. Psychological Medicine. 2020;52(7):1395-8##6.Bajema KL, Oster AM, McGovern OL, Lindstrom S, Stenger MR, Anderson TC, et al. Persons evaluated for 2019 novel coronavirus—United States, January 2020. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 2020;69(6):166.##7.Hashempour R, Hosseinpour Ghahremanlou H, Etemadi S, Poursadeghiyan M. The Relationship Between Quality of Work Life and Organizational Commitment of Iranian Emergency Nurses. Health in Emergencies and Disasters Quarterly. 2018;4(1):49-54.##8.Vali L, Amini Zade M, Sharifi T, Oroomiei N, Mirzaee S. Assessing job stress factors among medical emergency technicians 115 of Kerman. Journal of hospital. 2014;13(2):75-85.##9.Aminizadeh M, Tirgari B, Iranmanesh S, Garoosi B, Karimi M, Sheikh-Bardsiri H. Post-traumatic stress disorder prevalence in employees of emergency departments of teaching hospitals affiliated to Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Journal of Management And Medical Informatics School. 2013;1(1):18-25.##10.Jamalmohammadi A, Tabibi SJ, Riahi L, Mahmoudi Majdabadi Farahani M. Financing Approaches in Pre-Hospital and Hospital Emergencies in Iran-1395. Journal of healthcare management. 2018;8(4):67-81.##11.Melby P, Kaidel J, Weber N, Hübler A. Adaptation to the edge of chaos in the self-adjusting logistic map. Physical review letters. 2000;84(26):5991.##12.Anami K, Dadkhah B, Mohammadi M. Moral Distress of Nurses in Emergency Department of Ardabil Hospitals in 1395. 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Impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome on anxiety levels of front-line health care workers. Hong Kong Med J. 2004;10(5):325-30.##19.Nemati M, Ebrahimi B, Nemati F. Assessment of Iranian nurses’ knowledge and anxiety toward COVID-19 during the current outbreak in Iran. Arch Clin Infect Dis. 2020;15(COVID-19):e102848.##20.Abadi TSH, Askari M, Miri K, Nia MN. Depression, stress and anxiety of nurses in COVID-19 pandemic in Nohe-Dey Hospital in Torbat-e-Heydariyeh city, Iran. Journal of Military Medicine. 2020;22(6):526-33.##21.Bostan S, Akbolat M, Kaya A, Ozata M, Gunes D. Assessments of anxiety levels and working conditions of health employees working in COVİD-19 pandemic hospitals. 2020.##22.Labrague LJ, De los Santos JAA. COVID‐19 anxiety among front‐line nurses: Predictive role of organisational support, personal resilience and social support. Journal of nursing management. 2020;28(7):1653-61.##23.Pappa S, Ntella V, Giannakas T, Giannakoulis VG, Papoutsi E, Katsaounou P. 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نقش عوامل متاثر از معماری محیط‌های کاری در شیوع سندرم ساختمان بیمار بین کارکنان ساختمان راه و شهرسازی ارومیه The role of factors affected by workplace architecture in the prevalence of Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) among employees of Urmia Roads and Urban Development Building 1 1 مقدمه: عوامل مختلفی بر سلامت و رفاه کارکنان در محیط کار تأثیر می‌گذارند . این پژوهش باهدف بررسی شیوع سندرم ساختمان بیمار و نقش عوامل و پارامترهای متأثر از معماری ساختمان راه و شهرسازی ارومیه (آسایش حرارتی،کیفیت هوای داخلی، سروصدا، روشنایی، طراحی چیدمان - ِارگونومی و سبک طراحی (دکوراسیون))، از طریق بررسی علائم موجود در بین کارکنان، به جهت دستیابی به راهکارهای کاهشی در اقدامات آتی صورت پذیرفت. روش بررسی: این مطالعه توصیفی - تحلیلی به شکل مقطعی در تابستان 1400، در بین 123 نفر از کارکنان انجام شد. علائم، عوامل و پارامترهای تعیین‌شده از طریق پرسشنامه‌ای که پایایی آن توسط آلفای کرونباخ تایید شده بود، بررسی گردید. سپس داده‌ها در نرم‌افزار SPSS-25 با روش‌های مختلف آماری تجزیه‌وتحلیل گردید. یافته‌ها: یافته نشان داد که بیشترین شکایت از علائمی همچون خستگی، سردرد، حواس‌پرتی و عدم تمرکز، درد عضلانی، مشکلات شنوایی و استرس بوده و افراد از ازدحام زیاد، کمبود فضای کاری برای هر فرد و سروصدا شاکی بودند. همچنین پارامتر‌های ناشی از طراحی چیدمان- ِارگونومی و سروصدا مهم‌ترین عوامل کاهش کیفیت محیط داخلی و در نتیجه ظهور سندرم شناسایی شدند. نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج بررسی‌‌ها وجود سندرم در ساختمان راه و شهرسازی را تایید کرد که جانمایی نامناسب کاربری‌های پرازدحام و سرویس‌های بهداشتی، فقدان حریم گفتاری و عدم اختصاص فضا و ابعاد کافی برای کارکنان، از مهم‌ترین دلایل بالا بودن شکایات کارکنان بودند. 2 Introduction: Various factors affect the employees' health and well-being in the workplace. The present study aimed to examine the outbreak of Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) and the role of factors and parameters affected by the architecture design of Urmia Roads and Urban Development building (e.g., thermal comfort, Indoor Air Quality (IAQ), noise, lighting, layout design-ergonomics, and design style (decoration)) by examining symptoms seen in employees, to achieve reduction strategies in future actions. Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytical research was done with a Cross-sequential study among 123 employees in the summer of 2021. Specified symptoms, factors, and parameters were examined through the questionnaire, and its reliability was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha. In the next step, the data were analyzed using different statistical methods through SPSS-25 software. Results: Results indicated that some symptoms, including fatigue, headache, distraction, lack of concentration, muscle pain, hearing problems, high blood pressure, and stress, made up more complaints, and individuals complained about overcrowding, lack of workspace for each person, and noise. Moreover, the parameters caused by Layout-ergonomics and noise were identified as the most important reasons that reduced Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ (and the subsequent advent of SBS. Conclusion: The obtained findings confirmed the presence of syndrome in Roads and Urban Development Building, so that improper layout of overcrowding uses and toilets, lack of speech privacy, and inadequate space and dimensions for employees, were the most important, were the most important reasons for employees' complaints. 12 22 2022/05/92022/03/29 1401/1/9 2022/08/252022/07/2 1401/4/11 سولماز تابع افشار Solmaz Tabe Afshar دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی تبریز ایران s.tabeafshar@gmail.com سحر طوفان Sahar Toofan دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی تبریز ایران shr.toofan@gmail.com آرش ثقفی اصل Arash Saghafi Asl دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی تبریز ایران ash.saghafi.asl@gmail.com Sick Building Syndrome Indoor Environmental Quality Workplaces Architectural Assessment Physical Factors Ergonomic layout سندرم ساختمان بیمار کیفیت محیط داخلی محیط‌های کاری ارزیابی معماری عوامل فیزیکی چیدمان ِارگونومیک 1. Ghaffarianhoseini A, Al Waer H, Ghaffarianhoseini Al, Alalouch C, Croome D, Tookey J. Sick building syndrome: are we doing enough? Archit. Sci. Rev. 2018؛ 61(3): 99-121. ##2. Kukec A, Dovjak M. Prevention and control of Sick Building Syndrome (SBS). Part 1: Identification of risk factors. Sanitarno inženirstvo, IJSER. 2014; 8 ,1. URN: NBN:SI:DOC-OARWGT8R. ##3. Balanlı A. Building Biology and Examination Models for Buildings. Springer -Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. 2011; 113 -133.##4. Gou Z. Siu‐Yu Lau S. "Sick building syndrome in open‐plan offices: Workplace design elements and perceived indoor environmental quality", Journal of Facilities Management. 2012; 10 (4): 256-265.##5. Mendes A, Teixeira J.P. Sick Building Syndrome. Encyclopedia of Toxicology (Third Edition). 2014; 4: 256-260.##6. Jansz J. Sick Building Syndrome. International Encyclopedia of Public Health. 2017; 6: 502- 505. ##7. Ch Stylianos I. Post-occupancy evaluation of office buildings (or schools) – comparing user satisfaction and actual indoor environment conditions, Master of Science (MSc) in Energy Systems, International Hellenic University, THESSALONIKI – GREECE. 2014. ##8. Santosh T, Sharma A. SBS-An Architect’s Perspective. JIARM. 2016; 4(2): 121-131. ##9. Ahmadi M, Golbabaei F, Behzadi M. The Effect of Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) on the Productivity of Administrative Staff. IJOH. 2014; 6(4): 210-219 ##10. Passarelli G R, Sick building syndrome: An overview to raise awareness. JOBE. 2009. 5(1): 55–66.##11. Mendes A, Teixeira J.P. Sick Building Syndrome. Encyclopedia of Toxicology (Third Edition). 2014; 4: 256-260. ##12. Hoang Quoc C, Vu Huong G, Nguyen Duc H. Working Conditions and Sick Building Syndrome among Health Care Workers in Vietnam. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2020; 17:3635. ##13. Cherney K. Sick Building Syndrome. Healthline. 2018. ##14. Bahobail M. Sick Building Syndromes and Their Effects on Homes within Riyadh City. J. King Saud Univ, 2013؛ 25, 69-78. ##15. Gladyszewska K. Survey Research of Selected Issues the Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) in an Office Building. Environ. Clim. Technol. 2019; 23(2): 1–8. ##16. ‘Sick Building Syndrome: Is Your Office Making You Ill?’, PAINT INSPECTION LTD, 2020. ##17. WHO. World Health Organization. Lndoor air pollutants: exposure and health effects. EURO Reports and Studies No.78, WHO Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen: WHO. 1983.##18. Takki T, Villberg K, Hongisto V, Kosonen R, Korpi A. A Continuous and Proactive Process to Enhance Well-being Indoors, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2011.##19. Sahlberg, B. Indoor Environment in Dwellings and Sick Building Syndrome (SBS): Longitudinal Studies. Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Medicine. 2012; 1651-6206; 783 Uppsala. ISBN 978-91-554-8393-7.##20. Oodith D, Brijball S. Impact of Sick Building Syndrome on Call Centre Agents’ Effectiveness, JEBS. 2012; 4(9): 532-547. ##21. Kukec A, Dovjak M. Prevention and control of Sick Building Syndrome (SBS). Part 2: Design of a preventive and control strategy to lower the occurrence of (SBS). International Journal of Sanitary Engineering Research. 2014; 8 (1).##22. Mahmoudi M. Sick Building Symdrome. Springer International Pablishing Switzerland. 2016. ##23. Andersson K. Epidemiological approach to indoor air problems. Indoor Air. 1998; suppl 4:32-9. Dept of Occup and Environm Med, Örebro University Hospital, Sweden. ##24. Jansz J. Sick Building Syndrome Identification and Risk Control Measures. Springer -Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. 2011; 533-588.##25. Mukhi N, Khare M. Sick Building Syndrome. J. Ind. Pollut. Control. 2005; 5(2): 46-53.##26. Checklist for Building Planning A construction to Minimise Opportunities for Building Occupants to Experience Sick Building Syndrome Reference: Property Council of Australia (2009), Managing indoor environmental quality. Sydney, NSW: Property Council of Australia. 2009; 91–103.##27. Hosseini Yarandi F, Golabchi M, Shaafi F. General Questionnaire for Ergonomic Assessment of Office Environ -ment. J Occup Hyg Eng. 2019; 6 (3): 20 -33. [Persian] ##28. Abdel-Hamid M, Hakim S, Elokda E, Mostafa N. Prevalence and risk factors of sick building syndrome among office workers, JEPHA. 2013. ##29. Asivandzadeh E, Jamalizadeh Z, Mohebi A, Yari P, Fazeli SP. Evaluation of Noise Exposure and the Relationship between Job Stress and Sleep Disturbance in Workers of an Iranian Construction Industry. Occupational Hygiene and Health Promotion. 2019; 3(3): 51-62. [Persian] ##30. Nduka O D, Ogunbayo B, Ajao A, Ogundipe K, Babalola B, Survey datasets on sick building syndrome: Causes and effects on selected public buildings in Lagos, Nigeria, Elsevier. 2018; 1340–1346.## ##

شیوع کمردرد و فاکتورهای مؤثر بر آن در کارکنان اداری بر مبنای تکنیک‌های عینی و ذهنی Prevalence of low back pain and its predictor factors among office workers based on objective and subjective techniques 1 1 مقدمه: اختلالات اسکلتی- عضلانی ناشی از کار، شایعترین و پرهزینه‌ترین معضل شغلی قابل‌پیشگیری است که کارکنان بخش‌های اداری از ناراحتی مرتبط به آن رنج میبرند. هدف مطالعه حاضر الف) بررسی شیوع کمردرد و ب) ارزیابی پیوسته پوسچر کمر کارکنان اداری با استفاده از تکنیک‌های عینی بود. روش بررسی: در مطالعه‌ی مقطعی حاضر 36 کارمند اداری یکی از دانشگاه‌های علوم پزشکی شرکت کردند. شیوع کمردرد با استفاده از پرسشنامه نوردیک تعیین شد. زوایای پوسچر کمر با استفاده از دستگاه شیب‌سنج اندازه‌گیری شد.. نتایج: بیش از نیمی از افراد موردپژوهش کمردرد را گزارش کردند. بین سن، سابقه کار، ساعت کاری و جنسیت با اختلالات اسکلتی- عضلانی رابطه معناداری وجود داشت (05/0p<). میانگین حداکثر زاویه خمش کمر 72/13±41/35 بود و میانگین حداکثر زاویه انحراف کمر در صفحه فرونتال 2/3±86/9 بود. میانگین زوایای انحراف ناحیه کمر برای تمامی صدکها و صفحات موردبررسی بین مردان و زنان تفاوت معنیدار داشته است؛ به‌طوری‌که در زنان بیش از مردان بوده است (05/0p<). نتیجهگیری: نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که پوسچرهای نامناسب و استاتیک کمر در بین کارکنان اداری وجود دارد که می‌توانند به‌عنوان عوامل خطر برای ایجاد کمردرد در نظر گرفته شوند. این یافته‌ها می‌تواند به توسعه دستورالعمل‌هایی در مورد اولویت‌بندی مداخلات ارگونومیک برای کاهش شیوع LBP در میان کارکنان اداری کمک کند. 2 Introduction: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders are the most common and costly preventable occupational problem that office workers suffer from the discomfort associated with these disorders. The aims of this study were to a) investigate the prevalence of low back pain (LBP) and b) continuously assess the trunk postures of office workers .Materials and Methods: Thirty-six office workers of a medical university participated in this cross-sectional study. Thirty-six office workers of a medical university participated in this cross-sectional study. The prevalence of LBP was determined using the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. Work trunk postures were measured using an inclinometer. Results: More than half of the subjects reported LBP. There was a significant relationship between LBP with age, work experience, working hours, and gender (p <0.05). The mean maximum trunk flexion angle was 35.41±13.72, and the mean maximum angle of lateral bend in the frontal plane was 9.86±3.2. The mean trunk angles for all percentiles and plates studied were significantly different between men and women; It was more in women than men (p <0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that there are awkward and static postures lumbar among office workers that can be considered risk factors for developing LBP. The findings can help to establish guidelines regarding prioritizing ergonomic interventions to reduce the prevalence of LBP among office workers. 23 33 2022/05/92022/03/292022/06/26 1401/4/5 2022/08/252022/07/22022/08/25 1401/6/3 ساناز محی پور Sanaz Mohipour دانشگاه علوم پزشکی جندی شاپور اهواز ایران sanaz.mohi72@gmail.com داود افشاری Davood Afshari دانشگاه علوم پزشکی جندی شاپور اهواز ایران davodafi@yahoo.com مریم نوراللهی درآباد Maryam Nourollahi-darabad دانشگاه علوم پزشکی جندی شاپور اهواز ایران maryam.nourollahi@gmail.com غلامعباس شیرالی Gholam abbas Shirali دانشگاه علوم پزشکی جندی شاپور اهواز ایران shirali@ajums.ac.ir Musculoskeletal Disorders Back Pain Office Staff Subjective and objective methods. اختلالات اسکلتی- عضلانی؛ کمردرد؛ کارکنان اداری؛ روش‌های عینی و ذهنی 1.Ehsani, F., et al., Neck pain in Iranian school teachers: Prevalence and risk factors. Journal of bodywork and movement therapies, 2018; 22(1): 64-68.##2.Picavet, H. and J. 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Smith, Occupational ergonomics: principles and applications. 1997.##9.Mohan, V., et al., Preliminary study of the patterns and physical risk factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among academicians in a higher learning institute. Journal of Orthopaedic Science, 2015;20(2): 410-417.##10.Bernard, B.P. and V. Putz-Anderson, Musculoskeletal disorders and workplace factors; a critical review of epidemiologic evidence for work-related musculoskeletal disorders of the neck, upper extremity, and low back. 1997.##11.Punnett, L. and D.H. Wegman, Work-related musculoskeletal disorders: the epidemiologic evidence and the debate. Journal of electromyography and kinesiology, 2004;14(1): 13-23.##12.Erick, P.N. and D.R. Smith, A systematic review of musculoskeletal disorders among school teachers. BMC musculoskeletal disorders, 2011; 12(1): 1-11.##13.Hudson Jr, W.E., The relationship between academic self-efficacy and resilience to grades of students admitted under special criteria. 2007: The Florida State University.##14.Chaiklieng, S., P. Suggaravetsiri, and Y. BOONPRAKOB, Work ergonomic hazards for musculoskeletal pain among university office workers. Walailak journal of science and technology (WJST), 2010; 7(2): 169-176.##15.Salik, Y. and A. Özcan, Work-related musculoskeletal disorders: a survey of physical therapists in Izmir-Turkey. BMC musculoskeletal disorders, 2004. 5(1): p. 1-7.##16.Loghmani, A., et al., Musculoskeletal symptoms and job satisfaction among office-workers: a cross-sectional study from Iran. Acta medica academica, 2013; 42(1): 46-54.##17.Mirmohammadi, S., et al., Musculoskeletal disorders among video display terminal (VDT) workers comparing with other office workers. Iran Occupational Health, 2010; 7(2): 11-14.##18.Moom, R.K., L.P. Sing, and N. Moom, Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorder among computer bank office employees in Punjab (India): a case study. Procedia Manufacturing, 2015;3: 6624-6631.##19.Oha, K., et al., Individual and work-related risk factors for musculoskeletal pain: a cross-sectional study among Estonian computer users. BMC musculoskeletal disorders, 2014; 15(1): 1-5.##20.Sillanpää, J., et al., Effect of work with visual display units on musculo‐skeletal disorders in the office environment. Occupational medicine, 2003; 53(7): 443-451.##21.Coledam, D.H.C., et al., Factors associated with musculoskeletal disorders and disability in elementary teachers: A cross-sectional study. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies, 2019; 23(3): 658-665.##22.Alaca, N., et al., Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the extended version of the Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire into Turkish. Journal of Musculoskeletal & Neuronal Interactions, 2019;19(4): 472.##23.Choobineh, A., et al., Musculoskeletal injuries and their associated risk factors in office workplaces. 2012.##24.Chiu, T., et al., A study on the prevalence of and risk factors for neck pain in secondary school teachers. Public Health, 2006; 120(6): 563-565.##25.Wingbermühle, R.W., et al., Few promising multivariable prognostic models exist for recovery of people with non-specific neck pain in musculoskeletal primary care: a systematic review. Journal of Physiotherapy, 2018; 64(1): 16-23.##26.Collins, J.D. and L.W. O'Sullivan, Musculoskeletal disorder prevalence and psychosocial risk exposures by age and gender in a cohort of office based employees in two academic institutions. 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بررسی روایی روش بلند کردن بار به روش KIM-LHC بر مبنای بارهای بیومکانیکی در ارزیابی سطح ریسک برای وظایف بلند کردن دستی بار:یک مطالعه آزمایشگاهی Assessment of the adecuacy of KIM-LHC method in assessing the risk level based on biomechanical loads for manual lifting tasks: A laboratory study 1 1 مقدمه و اهمیت موضوع: حمل دستی بار شامل فعالیت‌هایی است که در آن‌ها هل دادن، کشیدن، بلند کردن، پایین آوردن، حمل کردن و نگه‌داشتن بار صورت می‌گیرد، که بلند کردن بار رایج‌ترین آن‌ها است. هدف این مطالعه بررسی قابلیت اطمینان روش KIM-LHC در شناسایی وظایف بلند کردن دستی بار پرخطر بود. مواد و روش‏ها: این مطالعه مقطعی بر روی کارگران مرد سالم که سابقه حمل دستی بار داشتند در محیط آزمایشگاهی انجام شد. حجم نمونه با توجه به مطالعات پیشین 15 نفر تعیین گردید. از افراد خواسته شد 25 وظیفه باربرداری را با 4 بار تکرار و به‌صورت تصادفی انجام دهند. برای تعیین زاویه خمش تنه از یک شیب‌سنج الکترونیکی استفاده شد و با استفاده از اطلاعات پوسچری و آنتروپومتری افراد، بارهای فشاری وارد بر مهره L5/S1از طریق نرم‌افزار 3DSSPP محاسبه شد. همچنین، هم‌زمان وظایف با استفاده از روش KIM-LHC ارزیابی شدند و امتیازات نهایی و سطوح اقدامات لازم برای آن‌ها تعیین گردید. داده‌ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SPSS.20 و با استفاده از آزمون Chi-square تجزیه‌وتحلیل شدند. نتایج: نتایج تخمین نیروی فشاری برای وظایف باربرداری نشان داد، 92% از وظایف دارای سطح خطر پایین (کمتر از 3400 نیوتن) و 8% وظایف سطح خطر متوسط (3400 تا 6800 نیوتن) بودند. درحالی‌که نتایج روش KIM-LHC نشان داد 28% وظایف دارای سطح خطر پایین، 64% سطح متوسط و 8% دارای سطح خطر بالابودند. نتیجه‏ گیری: نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که بین سطوح ریسک حاصل از روش KIM-LHC و نیروی فشاری تخمین زده‌شده برای برخی از وظایف باربرداری طراحی‌شده ارتباط معناداری وجود ندارد. بنابراین احتمال وجود خطا در تخمین سطح ریسک برخی از وظایف باربرداری به روش KIM-LHC وجود دارد و می‌بایست مطالعات بیومکانیکی بیشتری ازلحاظ کینتیکی و کینماتیکی انجام شود. 2 Introduction: Manual Material handling includes activities in which pushing, pulling, lifting, lowering, carrying, and holding the load, the most common of which is lifting. This study aimed to evaluate the reliability of the KIM-LHC method to identify high-risk manual load lifting tasks. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on healthy male workers with a history of manual material handling in a laboratory setting. The sample size was determined according to previous studies of 15 people. The participants were required to perform 25 tasks with four iterations randomly. An inclinometer device was used to determine the forward bending angle at the waist. Compression loads exerted on L5/S1 were estimated using 3DSSPP software using participants' postural and anthropometric information. Also, the tasks were evaluated using the KIM-LHC method, and their final scores and levels of MSD risks were determined. Data were analyzed using SPSS.20 software and the Chi-square test. Results: The results of compression load estimation for lifting tasks showed that 92% of the tasks had a low-risk level (less than 3400 N), and 8% of the tasks had a medium-risk level (3400 to 6800 N). While the results of the KIM-LHC method showed that 28% of tasks had a low-risk level, 64% had a medium level, and 8% had a high-risk level. Conclusion: The results of this study showed no correlation between the risk levels of the KIM-LHC method and the estimated compression load for some designed lifting tasks. Therefore, there is a possibility of error in estimating the risk level of some lifting tasks by the KIM-LHC method, and more biomechanical studies should be performed on kinetics and kinematics. 34 43 2022/05/92022/03/292022/06/262021/12/8 1400/9/17 2022/08/252022/07/22022/08/252022/09/6 1401/6/15 داوود افشاری Davood afshari دانشگاه علوم پزشکی جندی شاپور اهواز ایران davodafi@yahoo.coma سمیرا کرد samira kord دانشگاه علوم پزشکی جندی شاپور اهواز ایران samirakord6@gmail.com سیده مریم طاهری seyedeh maryyam taheri دانشگاه علوم پزشکی البرز ایران maryamtaheri24@yahoo.com سید محمود لطیفی seyed mahmood latifi دانشگاه علوم پزشکی جندی شاپور اهواز ایران sml1381@yahoo.com Compressive force KIM-LHC lifting load نیروی فشاری KIM-LHC بلند کردن بار 1.Habibi E, Kazemi M, Safari S, Hassan zadeh A. the relationship between lifting capacity with the NIOSH equation and the risk of musculoskeletal disorders with the RULA method in health service personal of Isfahan, Iran. Nezam salamat. 2012;(5):131-7.##2.Manual handling assessment charts. Health and Safety Executive (HSE). 2003;First published.##3.Rossi D, Bertoloni E, Fenaroli M, Marciano F, Alberti M. A multi-criteria ergonomic and performance methodology for evaluating alternatives in “manuable” material handling. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics. 2013;43(4):314-27.##4.OSHA Technical Manual [Internet]. Occupational Safety & Health Administration(OSHA). 2011 Available from: https://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/otm/otm_vii/otm_vii_1.html.##5.Choobine A. Methods of posture assessment in occupational ergonomics2ed: Fanavaran2004.##6.Resnick M, Chaffin D. An ergonomic evaluation of three classes of material handling device (MHD). International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics. 1997;19(3):217-229.##7.Motamedzadeh M, Dormohamadi A, Sardroodi H, Zarei E, Darmohamadi R, Sahafei Motlagh M. The ergonomic design and application of the NIOSH equation on immunization of lifting tasks. Journal of Arak University of Medical Sciences. 2013;16(6):90-100.##8.Dormohammadi A, Motamedzade M, Zarei E, Asghari M, Musavi S. Comparative assessment of manual material handling using the two methods of NIOSH lifting equation in a tile manufacturing company MAC and revised. Iran occupational health. 2013;10(5):71-81[persian].##9.HABIBI E, GHARIB S, SHAKERIAN M, HASANZADEH A. Musculoskeletal disorders and ergonomics of workers involved with analyzing the situation manually carrying goods in the dairy industry. 2011;6(4):649-57##10.Motamedzadeh M, Shafiei Motlagh M, Darvishi E. Ergonomics intervention in manual handling of oxygen. Health and Safety at Work. 2013;3(1):19-28.##11.Nussbaum MA, Chaffin DB, Stump BS, Baker G, Foulke J. Motion times, hand forces, and trunk kinematics when using material handling manipulators in short-distance transfers of moderate mass objects. Applied ergonomics. 2000;31(3):227-37.##12.Heydari H, Hoviat Talab M, Azeghani MR, Ramezan Zadeh M, Parnian Pour M. The effect of wearable supportive devices in the reduction of forces in the erector spinae muscles in keeping tasks using biomechanical modeling and EMG sampling. Research in Rehabilitation Sciences. 2011;7(2):169-78.##13.Omari Shekaftik S, Vosooghi S, Sedghi Noosh Abadi Z, Hosseini AF. Comparative evaluation of Manual Material Handling tasks in three ways: Snook and WISHA tables, KIM-LHC: A case study in a printing industry. Occupational Medicine Quarterly Journal. 2020;11(4):1-11[persian].##14.Wu S-P. Maximum acceptable weight of lift by Chinese experienced male manual handlers. Applied Ergonomics. 1997;28(4):237-44.##15.Alkherayf F, Agbi C. Cigarette smoking and chronic low back pain in the adult population. Clinical & Investigative Medicine. 2009;32(5):360-7.##16.Shiri R, Karppinen J, Leino-Arjas P, Solovieva S, Viikari-Juntura E. The association between smoking and low back pain: a meta-analysis. The American journal of medicine. 2010;123(1):87. e7-35.##17.Potvin JR, Chiang J, Mckean C, Stephens A. A psychophysical study to determine acceptable limits for repetitive hand impact severity during automotive trim installation. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics. 2000;26(6):625-37.##18.KONZ S. NIOSH lifting guidelines. The American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal. 1982;43(12):931-3.##19.Hesam G, Motamedzade M, Moradpour Z. Ergonomics intervention in poultry slaughter industry and evaluate the effectiveness by key indicators method (KIM). Iranian Journal of Ergonomics. 2014;2(2):9-19.##20.Klussmann A, Liebers F, Brandstädt F, Schust M, Serafin P, Schäfer A, et al. Validation of newly developed and redesigned key indicator methods for assessment of different working conditions with physical workloads based on mixed-methods design: a study protocol. BMJ open. 2017;7(8):e015412.##21.Steinberg U. New tools in Germany: development and appliance of the first two KIM (" lifting, holding and carrying" and" pulling and pushing") and practical use of these methods. Work. 2012;41(Supplement 1):3990-6.##22.Morshedi R, Bozar M, Afshari D, Ahmadi Angali K, Malekzadeh M. Biomechanical analysis of manual lifting of loads and ergonomics solutions for nursing assistants. Journal of Ergonomics and Human Factors Engineering of Iran. 2015;3(1):17-24.##23.Habibi EA, Kazemi M, Safari S, Hassanzadeh A. Relationship between the material handdling capacity by NIOSH method and the risk of musculoskeletal disorders by Rapid upper limb assessment (RULA) on the Welfare Organization staffs of Isfahan,. Journal of Research in Health System. 2012;8(1):131-7.##24.Mir Mohammadi st, GHolizadeh a, Moosavi nasab sN, Hosseini Nejad SE, Alizadeh H. Ergonomic evaluation of manual handling tasks of Mallard food industry using three-dimensional software "3DSSPP" and key indicators method. Health and Development Journal. 2019;8(2):175-86.##25.Russell SJ, Winnemuller L, Camp JE, Johnson PW. Comparing the results of five lifting analysis tools. Applied Ergonomics. 2007;38(1):91-7.## ##

مقایسه اثربخشی آموزش مقابله با استرس شغلی با شناخت درمانی مبتنی بر ذهن آگاهی بر ادراک تعارض کار- خانواده و رضایت از زندگی بازنشستگان شاغل Comparison of the effectiveness of coping with job stress training with mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on perception of work-family conflict and life satisfaction of employed retirees 1 1 مقدمه: بازنشستگی، مرحله‌ای از زندگی انسان است که بازنشستگان از دوران بازنشستگی خود، رضایت چندانی ندارند، بررسی مسائل دوران پس از بازنشستگی و نقش اشتغال مجدد آن‌ها بر میزان سلامت روانی و جسمانی‌شان، دارای اهمیت خاصی است. بنابراین، پژوهش حاضر باهدف مقایسه اثربخشی آموزش مقابله با استرس شغلی با شناخت درمانی مبتنی بر ذهن آگاهی بر ادراک تعارض کار- خانواده و رضایت از زندگی بازنشستگان شاغل انجام گردید. روش بررسی: پژوهش حاضر، پژوهش نیمه آزمایشی سه گروهی (دو گروه آزمایش و یک گروه کنترل) و سه مرحله‌ای است و جامعه آماری کلیه بازنشستگان 45 تا 65 سال شاغل عضو کانون‌های بازنشستگی شهر اصفهان در زمستان 1400 بودند که با استفاده از نمونه‌گیری در دسترس 45 نفر از آنان انتخاب و به‌صورت تصادفی در سه گروه قرار داده شدند. برای گردآوری اطلاعات از پرسشنامه تعارض کار – خانواده (کارلسون و همکاران، 2000) و پرسشنامه رضایت از زندگی (دینر و همکاران، 1985) استفاده شد. برای تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌های پژوهش از روش تحلیل کواریانس و نرم‌افزار Spss24 استفاده گردید. نتایج: نتایج نشان داد که در تعارض کار- خانواده در مرحله پس‌آزمون بین دو گروه آزمایش با گروه کنترل تفاوت معنادار (05/0>p) و در مرحله پیگیری نیز فقط بین گروه آموزش بسته مقابله با استرس با گروه کنترل تفاوت معناداری وجود دارد. در رضایت از زندگی نیز در مرحله پس‌آزمون و پیگیری بین دو گروه آزمایش با گروه کنترل تفاوت معنادار وجود دارد (05/0>p). به‌علاوه، نتایج آزمون تعقیبی بونفرنی نشان داد که میزان اثربخشی آموزش مقابله با استرس شغلی نسبت به شناخت درمانی مبتنی بر ذهن آگاهی بیشتر است. نتیجه‌گیری: پژوهش حاضر، حمایتی تجربی برای هردو آموزش در جهت کاهش ادراک تعارض کار- خانواده و افزایش رضایت از زندگی در بازنشستگان شاغل فراهم می‌نماید و با توجه به نتایج آزمون تعقیبی بونفرنی، آموزش مقابله با استرس شغلی توصیه می‌گردد. 2 Background: Retirement is a stage in life in which retirees are less satisfied with their retirement. It is essential to study the issues of the post-retirement period and the role of their re-employment on mental and physical health. Therefore, the present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of coping with job stress training with mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on the perception of work-family conflict and the life satisfaction of employed retirees. Materials and Methods: The study is quasi-experimental with three groups and three stages. The statistical population was all retirees aged 45 to 65 who were members of Isfahan Retirement Centers in the winter of 1400. Using convenience sampling, 45 persons were selected and randomly assigned to three groups. The work-family conflict (Carlson et al., 2000) and the life satisfaction questionnaires (Diener et al., 1985) were used to collect data. Data were analyzed by analysis of covariance and SPSS 24 software. Results: The results showed a significant difference in the work-family conflict in the post-test stage between the experimental and control groups (p <0.05). In the follow-up stage, there is a significant difference only between the coping with job stress group and the control group. Moreover, there is a significant difference in life satisfaction between the experimental and control groups in the post-test and follow-up stages (p <0.05). The results of Bonferroni’s post hoc test showed that the effect of coping with job stress training is more significant than mindfulness-based cognitive therapy. Conclusion: The study provides empirical support for both training to reduce work-family conflict and increase life satisfaction in employed retirees. According to Bonferroni’s post hoc test results, coping with job stress training is recommended. 44 58 2022/05/92022/03/292022/06/262021/12/82022/06/10 1401/3/20 2022/08/252022/07/22022/08/252022/09/62022/07/12 1401/4/21 محمد حسین گودرزی Mohammad Hossein goudarzi گروه روانشاسی˛ واحد اصفهان (خوراسگان)، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اصفهان، ایران ایران goudarzi.mohsen1336@gmail.com علی مهداد Ali Mehdad گروه روانشاسی˛ واحد اصفهان (خوراسگان)، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اصفهان، ایران ایران alimahdad.am@gmail.com محسن گلپرور mohsen Golparvar گروه روانشاسی˛ واحد اصفهان (خوراسگان)، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اصفهان، ایران ایران drmgolparvar@hotmail.com coping with job stress training mindfulness-based cognitive therapy perception of work-family conflict life satisfaction employed retirees آموزش مقابله با استرس شغلی شناخت درمانی مبتنی بر ذهن آگاهی ادراک تعارض کار- خانواده رضایت از زندگی بازنشستگان شاغل 1. Hosseininia N, Hatami H. Anticipating retirees' quality of life based on mental well-bing and resilliency. 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بررسی ارتباط بین سلامت عمومی و فرسودگی شغلی بهورزان شاغل در دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اراک Determining the relationship between burnout and general health among health workers working in Arak health center 1 1 مقدمه: در سال‌های اخیر یکی از مهم‌ترین مسائل و مشکلات در سیستم‌های اداری و ازجمله مخاطرات شغلی که توجه پژوهشگران را به خود جلب کرده است بحث سلامت عمومی و فرسودگی شغلی افراد یک سازمان است. با توجه به اثرات منفی ثبت‌شده از فرسودگی شغلی، این سندرم بر روی عملکردهای شغلی از قبیل کیفیت کار، سلامت عمومی و رضایت شغلی می‌تواند تأثیرگذار باشد. یکی از عمدترین پیامدهای اجتناب‌ناپذیر استرس شغلی، فرسودگی شغلی است که روی کیفیت مراقبت‌های انجام‌شده توسط بهورزان تأثیرگذار خواهد بود. هدف این مطالعه تعیین ارتباط بین فرسودگی شغلی و سلامت عمومی در بهورزان شاغل در مرکز بهداشت شهرستان اراک می‌باشد. روش بررسی:در این مطالعه که به‌صورت توصیفی_تحلیلی انجام شد، تعداد 110 نفر از بهورزان شاغل در مرکز بهداشت شهرستان اراک موردبررسی قرار گرفتند. تعداد نمونه‌ها با استفاده سرشماری انجام شد و کلیه بهورزان شاغل در مرکز بهداشت اراک انتخاب شدند. ابزار گردآوری داده‌ها در این پژوهش پرسشنامه 22 سؤالی فرسودگی شغلی ماسلاچ و پرسشنامه 28 سؤالی سلامت عمومی بود. داده‌های این پژوهش با استفاده از داده‌های توصیفی و آزمون‌هایی آماری واریانس یک‌طرفه و ضریب همبستگی پیرسون توسط نرم‌افزار ,spss22مورد آنالیز قرار گرفتند. یافته‌‌ها:بر اساس یافته‌های این مطالعه بین سلامت عمومی و فرسودگی شغلی رابطه معناداری وجود داشت، بدین معنا افرادی که دارای سلامت عمومی بالاتری بودند میزان فرسودگی شغلی پایین‌تری را تجربه کردند. وضعیت فرسودگی شغلی در بین بهورزان موردمطالعه در سطح متوسط بود. نمره فرسودگی شغلی بهورزان زن و مرد تقریباً یکسان بوده و تفاوت معنی‌داری بین آن‌ها وجود نداشت. با استفاده از آزمون کندل، پیرسون و اسپیرمن بین سلامت عمومی و خستگی عاطفی و مسخ شخصیت رابطه مستقیم معنادار آماری و بین سلامت عمومی و عدم‌کفایت شخصی رابطه معکوس معنادار آماری مشاهده وجود داشت. نتیجه‌‌گیری: با توجه به محرز شدن رابطه بین فرسودگی شغلی و سلامت عمومی لازم است مدیران مرکز بهداشت شهرستان اراک برنامه‌هایی را جهت ارتقا و بهبود انگیزه شغلی، روابط انسانی و احساس خودکارامدی اجرا نمایند. ارتقاء سلامت عمومی و کاهش میزان فرسودگی شغلی بهورزان باید در اولویت مدیران مجموعه دانشگاه علوم پزشکی قرار گیرد. 2 Introduction:Work environments have harmful physical, social, and workplace psychological factors that can affect people's health and disrupt other areas of people's lives. Workplace human resources spend at least a third of their lives at work, and the pressures and stresses of work can jeopardize their health and, consequently, threaten organizational interests and goals. Decreasing the performance of the individual, the amount of productivity of the organization also decreases. In recent years, one of the most critical issues and problems in administrative systems, including occupational hazards that have attracted the attention of researchers, is the issue of public health and burnout of individuals in an organization. Due to the recorded adverse effects of burnout, this syndrome can affect job performance, such as quality of work, general health, and job satisfaction. One of the main inevitable consequences of job stress is burnout, affecting the quality of care provided by health workers. This study aimed to determine the relationship between burnout and general health in health workers in Arak health centers. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, 110 health workers working in the Arak health center were studied. The number of samples was done using census, and all health workers working in Arak Health Center were selected. Data collection tools in this study were a 22-item Maslach burnout questionnaire and a 28-item general health questionnaire. The data of this study were analyzed using descriptive data and one-way ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficient by SPSS22 software. Results: According to the findings of this study, there was a significant relationship between general health and burnout, meaning that people with higher general health experienced lower rates of burnout. The status of burnout was moderate among the health workers studied. The burnout scores of male and female health workers were almost the same, and there was no significant difference between them. There was a statistically significant direct relationship between general health and emotional fatigue and depersonalization using Kendall, Pearson, and Spearman test. A statistically significant inverse relationship was observed between general health and personal inadequacy. Conclusion: Considering the relationship between burnout and public health, the Arak city health center managers must implement programs to promote and improve job motivation, human relations, and a sense of self-efficacy. Promoting general health and reducing the burnout rate of health workers should be a priority for the University of Medical Sciences managers. 59 66 2022/05/92022/03/292022/06/262021/12/82022/06/102022/01/2 1400/10/12 2022/08/252022/07/22022/08/252022/09/62022/07/122022/08/27 1401/6/5 مهناز صلحی mahnaz solhi دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران ایران solhi.m@iums.ac.ir زهرا مجیدی zahra majidi دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران ایران zmajidi@yahoo.com آرمین پیکری armin paykari دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اراک ایران arminpay@gmail.com General health burnout Health Worker سلامت عمومی فرسودگی شغلی بهورزان 1. Talat Al-Hiyari KP. Tehran, investigating the relationship between public health and job burnout of social workers working in public hospitals and city centers. Welf Plan Soc Dev. 2010;2(4):135-149 .##2. Akram Thanago, Naser Behnampour, Ahmed Tagvi FB. The relationship between mental health and job burnout in Al Jalil Aqqola hospital employees in 2013. Res Dev J Nurs Midwifery. 2015;12(2):21–8.##3. Yazdanbakhsh Maryam, Yaori Farshid SK. Comparison of job burnout and mental health of nurses working in psychiatric and special wards (ICU).##4. Molla MIH. Ensuring Job Satisfaction for Managing People at Work. Glob Discl Econ Bus. 2015;4(2):155–66.##5. Bianchi R, Schonfeld IS, Laurent E, Bianchi R, Sam I, Laurent E. City College of New York Burnout-depression overlap : A review How does access to this work benefit you ? Let us know ! Burnout – depression overlap : A review. 2015; 36:28-41##6. Nadera Sohrabi, Nazila Rahpema SK. The relationship between general health and marital satisfaction with job burnout of working women in the governorate and subordinate governorates in Fars province. Sci Q Women’s Sociol. 2012;3(2)137-162.##7. Iacovides A, Fountoulakis KN, Kaprinis S, Kaprinis G. The relationship between job stress, burnout and clinical depression. J Affect Disord. 2003;75(3):209–21.##8. Information C, Members T. Health Services Administration. Heal Serv Adm. 2014;3(2):77-89.##9. Ebrahimi Amraleh, Moulawi Hossein, Mousavi Ghafoor, Parnamanesh Alireza YM. Psychometric properties and factor structure of General Health Questionnaire 28 (GHQ-28) in Iranian psychiatric patients. J Res Behav Sci. 2007;5(1):5–12.##10. Nazifi M, Mokarami HR, Akbaritabar AK, Faraji Kujerdi M, Tabrizi R, Rahi A. Reliability, validity and factor structure of the persian translation of general health questionnire (ghq-28) in hospitals of kerman university of medical sciences. J Fasa Univ Med Sci. 2013;3(4):336–42.##11. Molavi H. Validation, Factor structure, and reliability of the Farsi version of General Health Questionnaire-28 on Irani students. Pakistan J Psychol Res. 2002;87–98.##12. Malekooti SK, Mirabzadeh A, Fathollahi P, Salavati M, Kahali S, Afkham Ebrahimi A, et al. Reliability, validity and factor structure of the GHQ-28 in Iranian elderly. Iran J Ageing. 2006;1(1):11–21.##13. Maslach C, Jackson SE, Leiter MP, Schaufeli WB, Schwab RL. Maslach burnout inventory consulting psychologists press Palo Alto. MaslachMaslach Burn Invent Second Ed. 1986;##14. Maslach C, Jackson SE, Leiter MP. Maslach burnout inventory. Scarecrow Education; 1997.##15. Moalemi S, Kavosi Z, Beygi N, Deghan A, Karimi A, Parvizi MM. Evaluation of the Persian version of Maslach burnout inventory-human services survey among Iranian nurses: Validity and reliability. Galen Med J. 2018;7:e995.## ##

مقایسه عوارض اکستوباسیون بیماران در وضعیت پرون در برابر سوپاین در شاغلین تحت عمل جراحی دیسک کمر Comparison of extubation of patients in prone versus supine position in workers undergoing lumbar disc surgery 1 1 مقدمه: در بیماران تحت عمل جراحی کمر که عمل جراحی آن‌ها به صورت پرون انجام می‌شود، بررسی عوارض اکستوباسیون در تغییر وضعیت بیماران از حالت پرون به سوپاین نیاز به بررسی دارد. هدف از انجام این مطالعه، مقایسه اکستوباسیون بیماران در وضعیت پرون در برابر سوپاین در شاغلین تحت عمل جراحی دیسک کمر می باشد. روش بررسی: مطالعه حاضر، مطالعه کار آزمایی بالینی یک سوکور می باشد که 60 بیمار کاندید عمل جراحی الکتیو دیسک کمر، وارد مطالعه شدند و به‌صورت تصادفی به دو گروه تقسیم شدند (هر گروه 30 نفر). تمام بیماران ابتدا در وضعیت پرون تحت عمل جراحی قرار گرفتند. بعد از پایان جراحی و قطع گازهای بیهوشی (زمان T0)، بیماران به دو گروه پرون و سوپاین تقسیم گردیدند. از زمان T0 تا زمان اکستوباسیون؛ ضربان قلب، فشارخون سیستولیک و دیاستولیک، فشار متوسط شریانی، میزان Spo2، شدت سرفه و عوارض ثانویه پس از اکستوباسیون نظیر لارنگواسپاسم و نگه‌داشتن نفس درهر دو گروه اندازه‌گیری و ثبت شد. نتایج: دو گروه از نظر متغیرهای دموگرافیک (سن، جنس، قد و وزن) اختلاف معنی‌داری نداشتند(0.05<P). نتایج نشان داد که در تمامی متغیرهای موردبررسی، گروه سوپاین از مقادیر بالاتری در مقایسه با گروه پرون برخوردار بود. اختلاف معنی‌دار از نظر فشار اکسیژن بین دو گروه وجود داشت و موقعیت گروه پرون مناسب‌تر از سوپاین بود(0.02=P). بروز سرفه نیز در گروه سوپاین شیوع بالاتری از از گروه پرون داشت و اختلاف مشاهده‌شده معنی‌دار بود(P=0.001). نتیجه‌گیری: بر اساس نتایج این مطالعه، حفظ حالت پرون بعد از جراحی دیسک کمر جهت اکستوباسیون سبب می‌شود تا بیمار کمتر تحت تاثیر تغییر موقعیت قرار گیرد و از نظر سرفه و میزان فشار اکسیژن در موقعیت مناسب‌تری باشد. پیشنهاد می‌شود اکستوباسیون بیماران تحت عمل در موقعیت پرون، در همان وضعیت انجام شود تا بیمار کمتر تحت تاثیر عوارض جابجایی موقعیت از پرون به سوپاین قرار گیرد. 2 Introduction: This study compared the extubation of patients in prone versus supine positions in patients undergoing lumbar disc surgery. Methods: In this single-blind clinical trial, 60 patients who were candidates for elective lumbar disc surgery were selected and randomly assigned into two groups of 30 patients. All patients primarily underwent surgery in the prone position. After surgery and discontinuation of anesthesia gases (T0), patients were assigned into two groups, prone and supine. From T0 to extubation time, heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, Spo2, cough severity, and secondary complications after extubation such as laryngospasm and shortness of breath were measured and recorded in both groups. Results: The results showed that in all the variables under study, the supine group had higher values than the prone group. There was a significant difference in oxygen pressure between the two groups, and the prone group had a more suitable status than the supine group (P=0.02). The incidence of cough was higher in the supine group compared to the prone group, and the observed difference was significant (P=0.001). Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, maintaining the prone position after lumbar disc surgery for extubation causes the patient to be less affected by the change of position and is in a superior status in terms of coughing and oxygen pressure. 67 76 2022/05/92022/03/292022/06/262021/12/82022/06/102022/01/22022/05/28 1401/3/7 2022/08/252022/07/22022/08/252022/09/62022/07/122022/08/272022/07/21 1401/4/30 محمدحسین دهقانی Mohammad Hossein Dehghani دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی ایران mh.dehghani1199@gmail.com علی اصغر خوشرو Asghar Khoshrou دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی ایران mh.dehghani@ssu.ac.ir Extubation lumbar disc prone supine complications cough blood pressure heart rate اکستوباسیون دیسک کمر پرون سوپاین عوارض سرفه فشار خون ضربان قلب 1. Divatia JV, Khan PU, Myatra SN. Tracheal intubation in the ICU: Life saving or life threatening? Indian Journal of Anaesthesia. 2011;55(5):470-5.##2. Abdulla S, Abdulla S, Schwemm K-P, Eckhardt R, Abdulla W. Making endotracheal intubation easy and successful, particularly in unexpected difficult airway. International Journal of Critical Illness and Injury Science. 2014;4(1):24-8.##3. Kulkarni AP, Agarwal V. Extubation failure in intensive care unit: Predictors and management. Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine : Peer-reviewed, Official Publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine. 2008;12(1):1-9.##4. Knight DJW, Mahajan RP. Patient positioning in anaesthesia. Continuing Education in Anaesthesia Critical Care & Pain. 2004;4(5):160-3.##5. Kumar S, Sahni N, Bhagat H, Jain A, Wig J, Gandhi K, et al. A randomized clinical trial of prone position extubation to reduce the severity of coughing in patients undergoing dorsolumbar spine surgery: Can J Anaesth. 2016 Jun;63(6):774-5. doi: 10.1007/s12630-016-0588-z. Epub 2016 Apr 1.##6. Abrishami A, Zilberman P, Chung F. Brief review: Airway rescue with insertion of laryngeal mask airway devices with patients in the prone position. Can J Anaesth. 2010;57(11):1014-20.##7. Srivastava D, Dhiraaj S. Airway management of a difficult airway due to prolonged enlarged goiter using loco-sedative technique. Saudi Journal of Anaesthesia. 2013;7(1):86-9.##8. Rastgarian A, Dana S, Kalani N, Sahraei R, Inalo R. Comparison of supine and prone positioning methods on the amount of bleeding in percutaneous renal stone removal with spinal anesthesia. Pars of Jahrom University of Medical Sciences. 2019;17(4):33-7.##9. Mahoori A, Karami N, Jabbarzade S. The Effect Of Change In Position On Intratracheal Cuff Pressure In Patients Undergoing Surgery With General Anesthesia: A Prospective Analytical Study. Studies in Medical Sciences. 2019;30(8):590-6.##10. Baer K, Nyström B. Routine intubation in the prone position. Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences. 2012;117(4):411-4.##11. Castro-Gómez A, Delgado LA. Tracheal intubation in the prone position: Another way to access the airway. Colombian Journal of Anesthesiology. 2017;45(4):340-3.##12. Asai T, Koga K, Vaughan R. Respiratory complications associated with tracheal intubation and extubation. British Journal of Anaesthesia. 1998;80(6):767-75.##13. Srivastava S, Goyal P, Agarwal A, Singh R. Emergence from anaesthesia in supine versus prone position in patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy surgery. Journal of Anaesthesiology Clinical Pharmacology. 2010;26(3):315.##14. Olympio MDMichael A, Youngblood MDBL, James MSRobert L. Emergence from Anesthesia in the Prone versus Supine Position in Patients Undergoing Lumbar Surgery. Anesthesiology. 2000;93(4):959-63.##15. Channabasappa SM, Shankarnarayana P. A comparative study of hemodynamic changes between prone and supine emergence from anesthesia in lumbar disc surgery. Anesthesia, Essays and Researches. 2013;7(2):173-7.##16. Lee SH, Lee YC, Lee JH, Choi SR, Lee S-C, Lee JH, et al. The prophylactic effect of dexamethasone on postoperative sore throat in prone position surgery. Korean Journal of Anesthesiology. 2016;69(3):255-61.##17. Yorukoglu D, Alanoglu Z, Dilek UB, Can OS, Kecik Y. Comparison of different extubation techniques in lumbar surgery: prone extubation versus supine extubation with or without prior injection of intravenous lidocaine. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol. 2006;18(3):165-9.##18. Park JH, Shim J-K, Song J-W, Jang J, Kim JH, Kwak Y-L. A Randomized, Double-blind, Non-inferiority Trial of Magnesium Sulphate versus Dexamethasone for Prevention of Postoperative Sore Throat after Lumbar Spinal Surgery in the Prone Position. International Journal of Medical Sciences. 2015;12(10):797-804.##19. Miller KA, Harkin CP, Bailey PL. Postoperative tracheal extubation. Anesthesia & Analgesia. 1995;80(1):149-72.##20. Koulouras V, Papathanakos G, Papathanasiou A, Nakos G. Efficacy of prone position in acute respiratory distress syndrome patients: A pathophysiology-based review. World Journal of Critical Care Medicine. 2016;5(2):121-36.##21. Samantaray A. Tracheal intubation in the prone position with an intubating laryngeal mask airway following posterior spine impaled knife injury. Saudi Journal of Anaesthesia. 2011;5(3):329-31.##22. Malik R, Samagh N, Jangra K, Gupta AK, Singh L. Intubating laryngeal mask airway as a conduit for fiberoptic bronchoscope: A safe and easy technique for intubation in prone position. Saudi Journal of Anaesthesia. 2017;11(3):357-8.##23. Goyal P, Nagrale M, Joshi S. Emergence from Anaesthesia in Supine versus Prone Position in Patients Undergoing Lumbar Laminectomy: A Study of 60 Cases. ISRN Anesthesiology. 2012;2012:4.##24. Lioy J, Manginello FP. A comparison of prone and supine positioning in the immediate postextubation period of neonates. The Journal of Pediatrics.112(6):982-4.##25. Yörükoglu D, Alanoglu Z, Dilek UB, Can ÖS, Keçik Y. Comparison of different extubation techniques in lumbar surgery: prone extubation versus supine extubation with or without prior injection of intravenous lidocaine. Journal of neurosurgical anesthesiology. 2006;18(3):165-9.## ##

بررسی فراوانی هپاتیت B و C در رانندگان وسایل نقلیه سنگین در مرکز ایران ( یزد) Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C in large vehicle drivers in center of Iran (Yazd) 1 1 مقدمه:هپاتیت B و C جزو بیماری‌های چالش‌برانگیز در حوزه سلامت به‌خصوص در کشورهای درحال‌توسعه است. در شهر یزد در مرکز ایران میزان بروز هپاتیت B کمتر از 8/0 درصد و هپاتیت C مزمن کمتر از 5/0درصد می‌باشد. در بین رانندگان وسایل نقلیه سنگین، ریسک فاکتورهایی وجود دارند که احتمال عفونت با هپاتیت B و C را افزایش می‌دهند. پرداختن به این قضیه ازاین‌جهت اهمیت دارد که عوارض بلندمدت هپاتیت مانند سیروز و انسفالوپاتی می‌توانند باعث بروز تصادفات رانندگی شوند. هدف این مطالعه بررسی میزان شیوع هپاتیت B و C در رانندگان وسایل نقلیه سنگین می‌باشد. روش مطالعه: در این مطالعه مقطعی توصیفی ۵۱۶ راننده وسیله نقلیه سنگین در سال ۱۳۹۸، ازنظر HBS Ag و HCV Ab موردبررسی قرار گرفتند. برای همه بیمارانی که نتایج مثبت داشتند، تست‌های عملکرد کبد، معاینه بالینی و سونوگرافی شکم انجام شد. نتایج: هشت راننده (۶/۱درصد) تست مثبت ازنظر HBS Ag و هفت راننده (۴/۱ درصد) تست مثبت ازنظر HCV Ab داشتند. ارتباط قابل‌توجهی بین تعداد سفرها در ماه و ابتلا به هپاتیت B وجود داشت (048/0P-value =) رانندگانی که سفرهای بیشتری داشتند در ریسک بالاتری از ابتلا به هپاتیت B بودند. هیچ‌کدام از بیماران مبتلابه سیروز نبودند. نتیجه‌گیری: شیوع هپاتیت B و C در بین رانندگان وسایل نقلیه سنگین به ترتیب ۶/۱ درصد و ۴/۱درصد بود.یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که شیوع هپاتیت B و C در رانندگان وسایل نقلیه سنگین، نسبت به جمعیت کلی ایران بیشتر است(14 0/0P-value= ). عوارض بالقوه هپاتیت، مانند سیروز و انسفالوپاتی می‌توانند باعث حوادث جاده‌ای شوند و به همین دلیل پیشگیری، تشخیص به‌موقع و درمان بیماری در این قشر جامعه حائز اهمیت است. 2 Introduction: Hepatitis B and C are major health problems in many countries, especially developing areas. The frequency of hepatitis B is less than 0.8%, and chronic hepatitis C is less than 0.5% in the general population of Yazd in the center of Iran. Large vehicle drivers have some risk factors for acquiring hepatitis B and C infection. This is important because viral hepatitis complications, including cirrhosis and encephalopathy, may lead to road accidents. This study aims to determine the frequency of hepatitis B and C in large vehicle drivers. Material and Methods:In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 516 inter-province large vehicle drivers were tested for HBS Ag and HCV Ab in 2018. Liver function tests, physical examination, and abdominal sonography were done for all subjects with positive HBS Ag and/or anti- HCV. Results: Eight drivers (1.6%) had HBS Ag, and 7 cases (1.4%) had HCV Ab. There was a significant relation between hepatitis B and journey numbers in the month (P-value=0.048); when the drivers have more journeys, they are at higher risk for hepatitis B. None of the patients had cirrhosis. Conclusion: The hepatitis B and C frequency among large vehicle drivers was 1.6% and 1.4%, respectively. Our findings indicate that hepatitis B and C frequency is significantly higher than in the general Iranian population (P-value=0.014 (. Hepatitis complication such as Cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy cause traffic accidents. So prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of viral hepatitis are important in this group. 77 83 2022/05/92022/03/292022/06/262021/12/82022/06/102022/01/22022/05/282021/08/25 1400/6/3 2022/08/252022/07/22022/08/252022/09/62022/07/122022/08/272022/07/212022/04/30 1401/2/10 محمد کاظم امیربیگی تفتی Mohammadkazem Amirbeigy دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد ایران amirbaigy@yahoo.com محمود باغبانیان Mahmud Baghbanian دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد ایران baghbanian1352@gmail.com فرزانه جعفری نجف ابادی farzane jafari najafabadi دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی یزد ایران f.jafari.med@gmail.com Hepatitis C Hepatitis B Driver هپاتیت B هپاتیتC رانندگان ماشین‌های سنگین 1. Alavian SM. Hepatitis B virus infection in Iran;changing the epidemiology. Iran J Clin Infect Dis.2010; 5(1):51-61[Persian]##2. Zali MR, Mohaghegh Shalmani H. The changing epidemiology of hepatitis B in Iran.GastroenterolHepatol Bed Bench .2010; 3(1):1-4.[Persian]##3. Webster DP, Klenerman P, Collier J, Jeffery KJ. Development of novel treatments for hepatitis C. Lancet Infect Dis 2009; 9(2): 108-17.##4. Marcellin P. Hepatitis B and hepatitis C in 2009. Liver Int 2009; 29: S1-8.##5. Alavian SM, Adibi P, Zali MA. Hepatitis C virus in Iran: epidemiology of an emerging infection. Arch Iranian Med 2005;8: 84-90.##6. Behzad Hajarizadeh, Bita Mesgarpour, Mohammad Javad Nasiri, Seyed Moayed Alavian, Shahin Merat, Hossein Poustchi, Reza Malekzadeh,Abbas Sedaghat, and Ali Akbar Haghdoost. Estimating the Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus Infection and Exposure Among General Population in Iran. Hepat Mon. 2017 ;17(8):e11715. ##7.Nokhodian Z, Kassaian N, Ataei B, Javadi AA,Shoaei P, Farajzadegan Z, et al. Hepatitis B Markers inIsfahan, Central Iran: A Population-Based Study.Hepat Mon 2009; 9:12-16.##8. Jahani MR, Motevalian SA, Mahmoodi M. Hepatitis B carriers in large vehicle drivers of Iran. Vaccine 2003; 21(17): 1948-1951.##9. Lacerda R, Gravato N, McFarland W, Rutherford G, Iskrant K, Stall R, Hearst N: Truck drivers in Brazil: prevalence of HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases, risk behavior and potential for spread of infection. AIDS 1997;11: S15-S19.##10. Malta M, Bastos FI, Pereira-Koller EM, Cunha MD, Marques C, Strathdee SA: A qualitative assessment of long distance truck drivers’ vulnerability to HIV/AIDS in Itajaí, southern Brazil. AIDS Care 2006, 18(5):489-496.##11.Ferreira LO, de Oliveira ES, Raymond HF, Chen SY, McFarland W: Use of time-location sampling for systematic behavioral surveillance of truck drivers in Brazil. AIDS Behav 2008, 12(1):S32-S38.##12.Matos MA, Martins RM, da Silva França DD, Pessoni GC, Ferreira RC,Matos MA, Brunini SM, Junqueira AL, Carneiro MA, Teles SA: Epidemiologyof hepatitis B virus infection in truck drivers in Brazil, South America. SexTransm Infect 2008; 84(5):386-389.##13.Gibney L, Saquib N, Metzger J, Choudhury P, Siddiqui M, Hassan M. Humanimmunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B, C and D in Bangladesh's trucking industry:prevalence and risk factors. Int J Epidemiol. 2001;30(4):878-84.##14. Manjunath JV, Thappa DM, Jaisankar TJ. Sexually transmitted diseases andsexual lifestyles of long-distance truck drivers: a clinico-epidemiologic studyin south India. Int J STD AIDS. 2002;13(9):612-7. ##15. Sali S, Bashtar R, Alavian SM. Risk Factors in Chronic Hepatitis B Infection: A Case-control Study. Hep Mon 2005; 5(4): 109-15.##16.Valway S, Jenison S, Keller N, Vega-Hernandez J, Hubbard McCree D. Riskassessment and screening for sexually transmitted infections, HIV, and hepatitis virus among long-distance truck drivers in New Mexico, 2004-2006. Am J PublicHealth. 2009 Nov;99(11):2063-8. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2008.145383. Epub 2009 Sep 17.## ##