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اهمیت سلامت خواب در بیماری‌های غیرواگیر و پیامدهای آن بر نظام سلامت The importance of medicine and sleep health in the field of community health 1 1 پزشکی خواب(medicine sleep (یکی از شاخه های نوین و پیشرو دانش پزشکی می باشد که طی دو دهه اخیر با توجه به توسعه و شناخت بیشتر روش های تشخیصی درمانی مؤثر و مشخص شدن پیامد های زیانبار ناشی از بی توجهی به اختالالت خواب بر سالمت آحاد جامعه و هم چنین اثرات سو آن بر جنبه های اقتصادی، جایگاه ویژه ای در سامانه های سالمت دنیا از جمله کشورهای صنعتی و توسعه یافته همانند ایاالت متحده، کشورهای امریکای جنوبی،استرالیا، اروپا، چین و سایر کشورها در سرتاسر جهان پیدا کرده است. 2  Sleep medicine is one of the new and leading branches of medical knowledge. During the past two decades, it has got a special position in the countries' health programs due to the development and identification of more effective diagnostic and management methods, and the identification of the adverse consequences of overlooked sleep disorders on the community's health. It is included in many countries' health programs in industrialized and developed countries such as the United States, South American countries, Australia, Europe, and China. Sleep disorders with a variety of more than 80 types of diseases constitute complicated, high-risk, and costly diseases that affect the public health system. The prevalence and adverse consequences of these disorders could be reduced by implementing sleep health and appropriate preventive measures. Furthermore, it should be noted that if patients with these disorders are diagnosed correctly and on time, there would be effective management modalities in the world and the country (1). This letter had explained the importance of sleep health and its association with non-communicable diseases, associated consequences, and the urgent need to pay attention to sleep health and sleep disorders in the public health system. 1 6 2022/05/18 1401/2/28 2022/11/22 1401/9/1 خسرو صادق نیت حقیقی khosro sadeghniiat haghighi دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران ایران sadeghniiat@yahoo.com سمانه اکبرپور samaneh akbarpour دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران ایران akbarpour691@gmail.com نازنین فروزان nazanin forouzan دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران ایران nazanin.forouzan@gmail.com حامد امیری فرد Hamed Amiri fard ایران آرزو نجفی arezu najafi دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران ایران najafeeaz@gmail.com Sleep Non-Communicable Disease Health پزشکی- خواب-سلامت References##1. Buysse DJ. Sleep health: can we define it? Does it matter? Sleep. 2014;37(1):9-17.##2. Ju Y-ES, Lucey BP, Holtzman DM. Sleep and Alzheimer disease pathology—a bidirectional relationship. Nature Reviews Neurology. 2014;10(2):115-9.##3. Freeman D, Sheaves B, Waite F, Harvey A, Harrison P. Sleep disturbance and psychiatric disorders: the non-specific as essential in understanding and treating mental ill health. Lancet Psychiatry. 2020;7(7).##4. Bradley TD, Floras JS. Obstructive sleep apnoea and its cardiovascular consequences. The Lancet. 2009;373(9657):82-93.##5. Linz D, Woehrle H, Bitter T, Fox H, Cowie MR, Böhm M, et al. The importance of sleep-disordered breathing in cardiovascular disease. Clinical Research in Cardiology. 2015;104(9):705-18.##6. Yeghiazarians Y, Jneid H, Tietjens JR, Redline S, Brown DL, El-Sherif N, et al. Obstructive sleep apnea and cardiovascular disease: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2021;144(3):e56-e67.##7. Kario K, Hoshide S, Nagai M, Okawara Y, Kanegae H. Sleep and cardiovascular outcomes in relation to nocturnal hypertension: the J-HOP Nocturnal Blood Pressure Study. Hypertension Research. 2021;44(12):1589-96.##8. Wang C, Bangdiwala SI, Rangarajan S, Lear SA, AlHabib KF, Mohan V, et al. Association of estimated sleep duration and naps with mortality and cardiovascular events: a study of 116 632 people from 21 countries. European heart journal. 2019;40(20):1620-9.##9. (https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/road-traffic-injuries)##10. Sadeghniiat-Haghighi, K. Role of Sleep Medicine in Transportation Safety: An Important National Issue. Journal of Sleep Sciences. 2016;1(3): 92-93.‌##11. Uehli K, Mehta AJ, Miedinger D, Hug K, Schindler C, Holsboer-Trachsler E, Künzli N. Sleep problems and work injuries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep medicine reviews. 2014;18(1):61-73.##12. Raghu P. Sleep medicine, public policy, and public health.In: kryger MH,principle and practice of sleep medicine.editor.sixth edition.philadelfia.2017##13. Janszky I, Ljung R. Shifts to and from daylight saving time and incidence of myocardial infarction. New England Journal of Medicine. 2008;359(18):1966-8.##14. Han B, Chen W, Li Y, Chen J, Zeng Z. Sleep and hypertension. Sleep and Breathing. 2020;24(1):351-6.##15. Chaput J-P, Dutil C, Featherstone R, Ross R, Giangregorio L, Saunders TJ, et al. Sleep duration and health in adults: an overview of systematic reviews. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism. 2020;45(10):S218-S31.##16. Lim AS, Kowgier M, Yu L, Buchman AS, Bennett DA. Sleep Fragmentation and the Risk of Incident Alzheimer's Disease and Cognitive Decline in Older Persons. Sleep. 201;36(7):1027-1032. doi: 10.5665/sleep.2802. PMID: 23814339; PMCID: PMC3669060.##17. Ju YE, Lucey BP, Holtzman DM. Sleep and Alzheimer disease pathology--a bidirectional relationship. Nat Rev Neurol. 2014;10(2):115-9. doi: 10.1038/nrneurol.2013.269. Epub 2013 Dec 24. PMID: 24366271; PMCID: PMC3979317.##18. Freeman D, Sheaves B, Waite F, Harvey AG, Harrison PJ. Sleep disturbance and psychiatric disorders. Lancet Psychiatry. 2020;7(7):628-637. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30136-X. PMID: 32563308.##19. Gregory AM, Caspi A, Eley TC, Moffitt TE, Oconnor TG, Poulton R. Prospective longitudinal associations between persistent sleep problems in childhood and anxiety and depression disorders in adulthood. J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2005;33(2):157-63. doi: 10.1007/s10802-005-1824-0. PMID: 15839494.##20. Hertenstein E, Trinca E, Wunderlin M, Schneider CL, Züst MA, Fehér KD, Su T, Straten AV, Berger T, Baglioni C, Johann A, Spiegelhalder K, Riemann D, Feige B, Nissen C. Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia in patients with mental disorders and comorbid insomnia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev. 2022;62:101597. doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2022.101597. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 35240417.##21. Liu JW, Tu YK, Lai YF, Lee HC, Tsai PS, Chen TJ, Huang HC, Chen YT, Chiu HY. Associations between sleep disturbances and suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts in adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep. 2019;42(6):zsz054. doi: 10.1093/sleep/zsz054. PMID: 30843072.##22. Sateia MJ. International classification of sleep disorders. Chest. 2014;146(5):1387-94.##23. Miller MA, Bates S, Ji C, Cappuccio FP. Systematic review and meta‐analyses of the relationship between short sleep and incidence of obesity and effectiveness of sleep interventions on weight gain in preschool children. Obesity Reviews. 2021;22(2):e13113.##24. Kothari V, Cardona Z, Chirakalwasan N, Anothaisintawee T, Reutrakul S. Sleep interventions and glucose metabolism: systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Medicine. 2021;78:24-35.##25. Killick R, Stranks L, Hoyos CM. Sleep Deficiency and Cardiometabolic Disease. Clinics in Chest Medicine. 2022;43(2):319-36.##26. Najafian J, Nouri F, Mohammadifard N. Association between sleep duration and hypertension: isfahan healthy heart program, Iran. ARYA atherosclerosis. 2019;15(1):22.##27. Johari MG, Jokari K, Mirahmadizadeh A, Seif M, Rezaianzadeh A. The prevalence and predictors of pre-diabetes and diabetes among adults 40–70 years in Kharameh cohort study: A population-based study in Fars province, south of Iran. Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders. 2022;21(1):85-95.##28. Gottlieb DJ, Redline S, Nieto FJ, Baldwin CM, Newman AB, Resnick HE, et al. Association of usual sleep duration with hypertension: the Sleep Heart Health Study. Sleep. 2006;29(8):1009-14.##29. Moradi M, Mehrdad N, Nikpour S, Haghani H, Aalaa M, Sanjari M, et al. Sleep quality and associated factors among patients with chronic heart failure in Iran. Medical journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran. 2014; 28 (1) :1002-1008.##30. Yazdanpanah MH, Homayounfar R, Khademi A, Zarei F, Shahidi A, Farjam M. Short sleep is associated with higher prevalence and increased predicted risk of cardiovascular diseases in an Iranian population: Fasa PERSIAN Cohort Study. Scientific reports. 2020;10(1):1-13.##31. Akbarpour S, Sadeghniiat-Haghighi K, Delavari A, Arshi S, Alirezaei M, Aghajani F, et al. Sleep characteristics of Iranian people and their effects on daytime functioning: a population-based study. Scientific Reports. 2022;12(1):1-9.## ##

بررسی شیوع COVID-19در مشاغل مختلف در شهرستان شاهرود Investigation the prevalence of COVID-19 in different occupations in Shahroud city 1 1 مقدمه  بیماری کووید 19 به عنوان یک بیماری ویروسی اولین بار در سال 2019 درکشور چین گزارش شد و در مدت زمان کوتاهی تبدیل به یک پاندمی جهانی گردید. طبعا" نوع شغل افراد و محیط‌کاری که فرد در آن فعالیت می‌کند تاثیر به سزایی در انتشار  این ویروس‌ها دارد، لذا این مطالعه با هدف بررسی شیوع بیماری کووید 19 در مشاغل مختلف و ارتباط آن با برخی پارامترهای موثر در شهرستان شاهرود انجام شد. روش بررسی: این پژوهش مطالعه‌ای مقطعی و توصیفی تحلیلی است که در سال 1400 انجام شد. اطلاعات موردنیاز از بانک اطلاعاتی مطالعه جامعCOVID-19  شاهرود و سامانه الکترونیک ثبت و پیگیری موارد ابتلا به بیماری کووید 19 در دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شاهرود، با بررسی پرونده‌های الکترونیک استخراج شد. عنوان مشاغل، بر اساس سیستم بین المللی طبقه‌بندی مشاغل ILO، طبقه‌بندی گردید. داده‌ها با استفاده از  نرم افزار آماری 22-SPSS مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. یافته‌ها: بر اساس نتایج بدست آمده،به ترتیب بیشترین درصد موارد ابتلا در کارکنان حوزه سلامت مانند پزشکان، پرستاران، کارمندان اتاق عمل و مراقبین سلامت و کلیه کارمندان شاغل در سیستم بهداشت و درمان 45%، مشاغل مربوط به خانه‌داری و پرستاری در منزل با 5/44%، بازنشستگان با 2/43% و کارگران ساختمانی با 34% ابتلا در رتبه‌های سوم و چهارم قرار دارند. متغیرهایی از قبیل سن، استعمال سیگار، بیماری زمینه‌ای و  BMI با ابتلاء به بیماری کرونا رابطه معنی‌داری نشان دادند (آزمون رگرسیون). به ترتیب بر اساس نسبت شانس برای متغیر سن (با افزایش هر یک سال سن فرد)، تغییر در BMI (با افزایش هر واحد) و داشتن بیماری زمینه‌ای شانس ابتلاء به بیماری 1%، ۸/۳ و ۱۴% افزایش می‌یابد و با استعمال سیگار شانس  ابتلاء به بیماری ۲/۵۷% کاهش می‌یابد. نتیجه‌گیری: در این مطالعه مشخص شد که در برخی مشاغل مانند مشاغل بهداشت و درمان شیوع بیماری بالاتر بوده است، زیرا این افراد در تماس مستقیم با بیماران و افراد مبتلا به ویروس بوده اند. در کل می توان گفت در مشاغلی که امکان دور‌کاری و عدم حضور در اجتماع فراهم بوده است میزان ابتلاء به ویروس کم بوده است و بالعکس. در ابتلاء به بیماری کرونا برخی فاکتورها مانند سن، بیماری زمینه‌ای، استعمال سیگار و BMI  موثر بوده‌اند. 2 Introduction: Covid-19 was first reported as a viral disease in China in 2019, and it soon became a global pandemic. In addition, the types of occupations people have and the environments in which they work may increase the likelihood of being exposed to the virus. Thus, this study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of Covid-19 disease in various occupations and its relationship with some effective parameters in Shahroud city. Methods: This research is a cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study that was conducted in 2021. The required information was extracted from the database provided by Shahroud University of Medical Sciences. These files contain the results of the comprehensive study of COVID-19 in Shahroud. All the jobs that were asked of the person were classified based on International Standard Classification of Occupations and suspicious and definite cases were examined in different occupation. The information analyzed using SPSS software version 22. Results: According to the results, the highest percentage of cases (45%) was in healthcare workers, such as doctors, nurses, and operating room staffs—in other words, all employees working in the healthcare system. The next highest percentages were in household and home nursing workers (44.5%), retirees (43.2%), and construction workers (43%). The relationship between variables such as age, smoking status, presence of comorbidities, and presence of a high body mass index (BMI) associated with Covid-19 disease was examined by the regression test. It was found that the relationship was significant, that these variables affected the prevalence of the disease. Based on the odds ratio in the age variable, with each year of age, the chance of getting infected increased by 1%. A current smoker had a reduced chance of getting the disease by 57.2%. Having a comorbidity increased the chance of getting the disease by 14%, and with each increase in BMI, the chance of getting the disease increased by 3.8%. Conclusion: The study found that in some occupations, such as healthcare worker, the prevalence of the disease was higher because workers were in direct contact with patients and people infected with the virus. In general, it can be said that the prevalence of the disease was low in workers who could telework and remain at home rather than go to a job or in the community. Factors such as age, the presence of comorbidities, status as a current smoker, and having a high BMI had an effect on contracting Covid-19 disease. 7 16 2022/05/182023/02/25 1401/12/6 2022/11/222023/04/4 1402/1/15 مهدی جمشیدی راستانی mahdi jamshidi-rastani علوم پزشکی شاهرود ایران jamhosn@gmail.com امین حیدری Amin Heydari علوم پزشکی شاهرود ایران aminheydari2010@gmail.com مرضیه روحانی رصاف Marzieh Rohani-Rasaf علوم پزشکی شاهرود ایران bgharibeh99@gmail.com عبداله برخورداری Abdullah Barkhordari علوم پزشکی شاهرود ایران a.barkhordari2007@gmail.com محسن نیکجو Mohsen Nikjoo شهرداری شاهرود ایران Mohsensaboor20@gmail.com Covid-19 disease job title Gender Smoking comorbidity disease بیماری کرونا عنوان شغلی جنسیت استعمال دخانیات و بیماری زمینه‌ای 1- Merian E. Introduction on environmental chemistry and global cycles of chromium, nickel, cobalt beryllium, arsenic, cadmium and selenium, and their derivatives. 1984.##2- Mutambudzi M, Niedwiedz C, Macdonald EB, Leyland A, Mair F, Anderson J, et al. Occupation and risk of severe COVID-19: prospective cohort study of 120 075 UK Biobank participants. Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 2020:oemed-2020-106731.##3- Carlsten C, Gulati M, Hines S, Rose C, Scott K, Tarlo SM, et al. COVID-19 as an occupational disease. American Journal of Industrial Medicine. 2021;64(4):227-37.##4- Rim K-T, Lim C-H. Biologically hazardous agents at work and efforts to protect workers' health: a review of recent reports. Safety and health at work. 2014;5(2):43-52.##Turner S, 5- Lines S, Chen Y, Hussey L, Agius R. Work-related infectious disease reported to the Occupational Disease Intelligence Network and The Health and Occupation Reporting network in the UK (2000–2003). Occupational Medicine. 2005;55(4):275-81.##6- Dariya B, Nagaraju GP. Understanding novel COVID-19: Its impact on organ failure and risk assessment for diabetic and cancer patients. Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews. 2020;53:43-52.##7- Lan F-Y, Wei C-F, Hsu Y-T, Christiani DC, Kales SN. Work-related COVID-19 transmission in six Asian countries/areas: A follow-up study. PLOS ONE. 2020;15(5):e0233588.##8- Baker MG, Peckham TK, Seixas NS. Estimating the burden of United States workers exposed to infection or disease: A key factor in containing risk of COVID-19 infection. PLOS ONE. 2020;15(4):e0232452.##9- Anderson NJ, Bonauto DK, Fan ZJ, Spector JT. Distribution of influenza-like illness (ILI) by occupation in Washington State, September 2009–August 2010. PLoS One. 2012;7(11):e48806.##10- Therapists WFoO, von Zweck C, Klaiman D, Pattison M. International Standard Classification of Occupations survey report: Implications for the World Federation of Occupational Therapists. World Federation of Occupational Therapists Bulletin. 2017;73(2):80-2.##11- Hawkins D, Davis L, Kriebel D. COVID-19 deaths by occupation, Massachusetts, March 1–July 31, 2020. American Journal of Industrial Medicine. 2021;64(4):238-44.##12- Davari M, Mehrparvar A, Ardakani MP. A review of covid-19 disesse and Occupational Considerations. Occupational Medicine. 2021.##13- Patanavanich R, Glantz SA. Smoking Is Associated With COVID-19 Progression: A Meta-analysis. Nicotine & Tobacco Research. 2020;22(9):1653-6.##14- Gülsen A, Yigitbas BA, Uslu B, Drömann D, Kilinc O. The Effect of Smoking on COVID-19 Symptom Severity: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Pulmonary Medicine. 2020;2020:7590207.##15- Sanyaolu A, Okorie C, Marinkovic A, Patidar R, Younis K, Desai P, et al. Comorbidity and its Impact on Patients with COVID-19. SN Comprehensive Clinical Medicine. 2020;2(8):1069-76.##16- Wang B, Li R, Lu Z, Huang Y. Does comorbidity increase the risk of patients with COVID-19: evidence from meta-analysis. Aging (Albany NY). 2020;12(7):6049-57.##17- Romagnolo A, Balestrino R, Imbalzano G, Ciccone G, Riccardini F, Artusi CA, et al. Neurological comorbidity and severity of COVID-19. Journal of neurology. 2021;268(3):762-9.##18- Fang X, Li S, Yu H, Wang P, Zhang Y, Chen Z, et al. Epidemiological, comorbidity factors with severity and prognosis of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Aging (Albany NY). 2020;12(13):12493-503.##19- Kim TS, Roslin M, Wang JJ, Kane J, Hirsch JS, Kim EJ, et al. BMI as a Risk Factor for Clinical Outcomes in Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19 in New York. Obesity. 2021;29(2):279-84.##20- Du Y, Lv Y, Zha W, Zhou N, Hong X. Association of body mass index (BMI) with critical COVID-19 and in-hospital mortality: A dose-response meta-analysis. Metabolism. 2021;117:154373.## ##

بررسی میزان تاثیر عوامل دموگرافیک وکار با رایانه بر توان چنگش قوی وظریف دست کارکنان اداری Investigating the impact of demographic factors and working with computers on the hand grip and pinch strength of office workers 1 1 مقدمه: در وظایف اداری، چنگش ظریف ابزارهایی مانند خودکار، کاغذ، موس و کلید در اغلب ساعات کاری موردنیاز است. این مطالعه باهدف تعیین تأثیر عوامل دموگرافیک و کار با رایانه بر توان چنگش قوی و ظریف دست کارکنان اداری انجام‌شده است. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه تحلیلی - مقطعی پس از ثبت مشخصات دموگرافیک، توان چنگش قدرتی و ظریف دست 174 نفر از کارکنان20 اداره شهر بیرجند با حداقل 3 ساعت کار روزانه با رایانه با استفاده از نیروسنج دست جامار و پینچ گیج سیهان اندازه‌گیری شد. داده‌ها به نرم‌افزار SPSS ویرایش 16 منتقل و علاوه بر روش‌های آمار توصیفی از آزمون‌های آماری آنوا، تی مستقل و ضریب همبستگی پیرسون استفاده شد. نتایج: میانگین و انحراف معیار سن افراد موردمطالعه 15/7± 5/37 سال و سابقه کاری 35/7±13سال بود. ارتباط بین نیروهای چنگش قدرتی و ظریف دست با متغیرهای جنس، قد، وزن و غالب و مغلوب بودن دست (به‌جز تیپ مردان) معنی‌دار بود (P<0.05) اما با متغیرهای شاخص توده بدنی، سابقه کار و سن (به‌جز پالمار دست غالب)معنی‌دار نبود. مدت‌زمان کار با رایانه تأثیر معنی‌داری بر نیروی چنگش قدرتی دست مغلوب و چنگش پالمار و تیپ در هر دو دست داشت (P<0.05). نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج این مطالعه تأثیر مدت‌زمان کار با رایانه را بر کاهش نیروی چنگش قوی و ظریف دست کارکنان اداری نشان می‌دهد. لذا بکار بستن اصول ارگونومی برای حفظ توان چنگش قوی و ظریف دست کاربران رایانه توصیه می‌شود. 2 Introduction: In office tasks, pinch gripping of tools such as pen, paper, mouse, and keys are required during most working hours. This study aimed to determine the effect of demographic factors and working with a computer on office workers' hand grip and pinch strength. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional analytical study, after recording the demographic characteristics, the hand grip and pinch strength of 174 employees of 20 offices of Birjand city with at least 3 hours of daily computer work was measured using a Jamar hand dynamometer and Saehan pinch gauge. The data were analyzed by SPSS statistical software version 16. In addition to descriptive statistics, ANOVA, independent t-test, and Pearson correlation coefficient were used. Results: The mean and standard deviation related to the age of the subjects were 37.5 ± 7.15 and 13 ± 7.35 years. The relationship between the hand grip and pinch strength with the variables of sex, height, weight, and Handedness (except the tip of the males) was significant (P<0.05), but with the variables of BMI, work experience, and age (except palmar of the dominant hand) was not significant. Computer work duration significantly affected the dominant hand's grip strength and both hands' palmar and tip pinch (P<0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study show the effect of computer work duration on reducing office workers' hand grip and pinch strength. Therefore, it is recommended to apply ergonomic principles to maintain hand grip and pinch strength of computer users. Keywords: Hand Grip, Lateral Pinch, Key Pinch, Tip Pinch, Computer Users.   [1] Corresponding Author: Email: mhhossani@yahoo.com Tel: +985632381684 Received: 04.03.2023                             Accepted: 22.05.2023 17 25 2022/05/182023/02/252023/03/4 1401/12/13 2022/11/222023/04/42023/05/22 1402/3/1 محمدحامد حسینی Mohammad hamed Hosseini دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بیرجند ایران mhhossani@yahoo.com غلامرضا شریف زاده Gholamreza Sharifzadeh دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بیرجند ایران rezamood@yahoo.com اکرم اکبری Akram Akbari دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بیرجند ایران akbari.ak92@gmail.com Hand Grip Lateral Pinch Key Pinch Tip Pinch Computer Users. چنگش قدرتی چنگش پالمار چنگش کلید چنگش تیپ کاربران رایانه 1. Hasheminejad N, Choobineh A, Haghdoost A, Mohammadian M. Comparison of grip and pinch strengths of adults among five cities of Iran. Journal of School of Public Health & Institute of Public Health Research. 2014;11(3):65-81.[Persian]##2. Soury A, Habibi E, Hasanzadeh A. 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بررسی ارتباط استرس پس از سانحه با ویژگی‌های شخصیتی در پرستاران مراقبت‌کننده از بیماران مبتلا به کووید-۱۹ Investigating the relationship between post-traumatic stress disorder and personality traits in nurses caring for patients with COVID-19 1 1 مقدمه: اختلال استرس پس از سانحه تأثیر زیادی بر کیفیت مراقبت‌های بالینی  می‌تواند داشته باشد. ازاین‌جهت باید عوامل خطرزای مرتبط شناسایی شوند. این مطالعه باهدف تعیین ارتباط بین ویژگی‌های شخصیتی و اختلال استرس پس از سانحه در پرستارانی که در بخش مراقبتی بیماران کووید-۱۹، انجام شد. روش بررسی: این مطالعه از نوع مقطعی- همبستگی در سال ۱۴۰۰ روی ۳۱۶ پرستار با روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی انتخاب شدند. ابزار گرد‌آوری شامل پرسشنامه اطلاعات دموگرافیک، مقیاس ویژگی‌های شخصیتی (NEO-FFI) و مقیاس پرسشنامه اختلال استرس پس از سانحه می‌سی‌سی‌پی بود. داده‌ها با نرم‌افزار 22 PSSS و آزمون‌های آماری ضریب همبستگی اسپیرمن و پیرسون و آزمون‌های Paired- t testو Wilcoxon تحلیل شد. نتایج: 3/13% از پرستاران این مطالعه مبتلا به اختلال استرس پس از سانحه بودند. بین زیرمقیاس‌های ویژگی‌های شخصیتی با جنس زن به ترتیب رنجوری ( 031/0p=) ، اشتیاق به تجارب تازه (001/0p=)، توافق پذیری(001/0p=)، گروه‌های سنی به ترتیب رنجوری (001/0p=)، برون‌گرایی–درون‌گرایی (02/0p=)، اشتیاق به  تجارب تازه (001/0p=)، توافق پذیری (02/0p=) و سابقه ابتلا به کوید 19 به ترتیب برون‌گرایی– درون‌گرایی (05/0p=) و توافق پذیری (071/0 p=) تفاوت معنی‌داری یافت شد  و PTSD با گروه‌های سن تفاوت معنی‌دار مشاهده شد (05/0 p<). همچنین بعد رنجوری (11/0 r=- , 01/0 p<)، اشتیاق به تجارب تازه (98/0, r= 01/0 p<) و توافق‌پذیری(57/0 r= , 01/0 p<) با نمره کل اختلال استرس پس از سانحه ارتباط معنادار داشتند(05/0 p<). نتیجه‌گیری: با به‌کارگیری پرستاران با ویژگی‌های شخصیتی مناسب علاوه بر اقدامات حمایتی دیگر می‌توانیم شاهد کنترل و یا حتی کاهش هرگونه استرس و نگرانی باشیم. تدوین برنامه‌های آموزشی–درمانی مناسب به‌منظور تغییر و اصلاح ویژگی‌های شخصیتی و همچنین آموزش مهارت‌های مقابله با موقعیت‌های استرس‌زا، می‌تواند گامی مؤثر در کاهش استرس باشد.   2 Introduction: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can affect many years of professional practice of nurses and the quality of clinical care. This study aimed to determine the relationship between personality traits and PTSD in nurses in COVID-19 patient care. Mateials and Methods: We performed this cross-sectional correlational study on 316 nurses who were selected by random sampling method in 1400. The data collection tools in this study are demographic questionnaires, the Personality Traits Scale (NEO-FFI), and Mississippi Traumatic Stress Disorder Scale. Data were analyzed using PSS22 software, by statistical tests of Spearman and Pearson correlation coefficient, Paired-t test, and Wilcoxon tests.  Results: In this study, 13.3% of the nurses had post-traumatic stress disorder. Between subscales of personality traits with female gender, in the order of suffering (p=0.031), eagerness for new experiences (p=0.001), agreeableness (p=0.001), and age groups in the order of suffering (p=0.001), extroversion-introversion (p=0.02), eagerness for new experiences (p=0.001), agreeableness (p=0.02), history of covid-19 in the order of extroversion-introversion (p=0.05) and agreeableness (p=0.071). A significant difference was observed between PTSD with age groups (p<0.05). The dimension of suffering (r=-0.11 p<0.01), eagerness for new experiences (r=0.98 p<0.01), and agreeableness (r=0.57 p<0.01) had a significant relationship with the total PTSD score.  Conclusion:  we can control or reduce stress and anxiety by employing nurses with the right personality traits. Developing appropriate training-therapy programs to change and modify personality traits, and training skills to deal with stressful situations is an effective step in reducing PTSD. 26 36 2022/05/182023/02/252023/03/42022/09/7 1401/6/16 2022/11/222023/04/42023/05/222023/05/9 1402/2/19 بهاره فلاح Bahare Fallah مرکزتحقیقات مراقبت های پرستاری ومامایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی، یزد، ایران ایران baharefallah@gmail.com پروین فنونی Parvin Fonooni کارشناسی پرستاری ، گروه کمیته تحقیقات دانشجویی ، دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی ، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی، یزد، ایران ایران Parvin.fonooni.97@gmail.com احمدرضا فلاح فراغه Ahmadreza Fallahfaragheh کارشناسی پرستاری ، گروه کمیته تحقیقات دانشجویی ، دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی ، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی، یزد، ایران ایران ahmadreza.fallahfaraghe1928@gmail.com خدیجه نصیریانی Khadije Nasiriani مرکزتحقیقات مراقبت های پرستاری ومامایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی، یزد، ایران ایران nasiriani@gmail.com فاطمه دهقانی کارشناسی ارشد پرستاری، گروه پرستاری، دانشکده پرستاری میبد، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی و خدمات بهداشتی درمانی شهید صدوقی یزد، یزد، ایران ایران FATEMEHDEHGHANI65.6@GMAIL.COM فاطمه بخشی Fatemeh Bakhshi مرکزتحقیقات مراقبت های پرستاری ومامایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی، یزد، ایران ایران F.bakhshi@ssu.ac.ir محمدحسین دهقانی دانشیار، گروه بیهوشی و مراقبت‌های ویژه، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی، یزد، ایران ایران mh.dehghani1199@gmail.com Post-Traumatic Stress Personality Traits Nurse Covid-19 استرس پس از سانحه ویژگی‌های شخصیتی پرستار کووید-۱۹ References##1. 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ارزیابی پیامد و تعیین حریم ایمن در ایستگاه تقلیل فشار گاز طبیعی با استفاده از نرم‌افزار PHAST (مطالعه موردی: ایستگاه برومی شهر اهواز) Consequences modeling and determining of safe distance in the natural gas pressure reduction station using PHAST software (Case study: Borumi station in Ahvaz) 1 1 چکیده مقدمه: ایستگاه تقلیل فشار گاز یکی از مهم‌ترین بخش شبکه‌های توزیع گاز طبیعی هستند. ارزیابی ریسک در واحدهای عملیاتی روش مناسبی جهت ارزیابی خطرات بوده و نتایج آن‌ها را می‌توان جهت مدیریت و تصمیم‌گیری در خصوص کنترل و کاهش پیامدهای آن بدون نگرانی به کاربرد. به‌عبارتی‌دیگر ارزیابی ریسک شامل فرآیندی است که به مشخص کردن مخاطرات، ارزیابی زیان‌ها و تعیین مشخصات ریسک می‌پردازد.  هدف از مطالعه حاضر مدل‌سازی حوادث محتمل و متعاقب آن ارزیابی پیامد و تعیین حریم ایمن در ایستگاه تقلیل فشار گاز طبیعی برون‌شهری واقع در منطقه برومی شهر اهواز با استفاده از نرم‌افزار PHAST بوده است. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه با استفاده از نرم‌افزار PHAST نسخه 22/8 و با استفاده از داده‌های فرآیندی ایستگاه تقلیل فشار گاز موردمطالعه نظیر دما، فشار گاز، آنالیز گاز، و داده‌های هواشناسی و استفاده از طبقه‌بندی شرایط جوی پاسکوئیل با تعیین سناریوهای محتمل بر اساس پیشینه موردبررسی تعیین حریم ایمن در این ایستگاه انجام گرفت. برای این مهم 6 سناریو محتمل در کلاس‌های جوی انتخاب‌شده به همراه بدترین شرایط ممکن بررسی گردید. ارزیابی پیامدها نیز بر اساس حالت‌های مختلف تخلیه گاز، انتشار گاز، آتش فورانی، آتش ناگهانی، انفجار موردبررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج: بر اساس نتایج به‌دست‌آمده محدوده‌های با پتانسیل خطر بالا به ترتیب مربوط به نتایج انتشار و انفجار گاز بوده است. همچنین بیشترین محدوده خطر متعلق به سناریوی شماره پنج برای انفجار گاز باکلاس جوی F و شدت موج bar 02068/0 و معادل با 5/358 متر گزارش گردید. در این محدوده با توجه به جدول خسارت ناشی از انفجار با احتمال 95% بدون خسارت جدی 50% شیشه پنجره‌ها شکسته می‌شود و بدین‌جهت می‌تواند سبب صدمات انسانی گردد. بر این اساس حریم ایمن در این ایستگاه برابر 5/358 متر تعیین گردید. نتیجه‌گیری: به سبب عدم مطالعه ارزیابی ریسک در فازهای اولیه و در حین بهره‌برداری مطالعه اخیر نشان می‌دهد تعیین نقاط ایمن و محدوده با ریسک بالا به همراه اولویت کاهش ریسک بسیار ضروری بوده که در برخی موارد در واحدهای صنعتی مقفول مانده است لذا می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که مدل‌سازی حوادث و ارزیابی پیامد ناشی از آن به همراه تعیین حریم ایمن یکی از فاکتورهای اساسی در سلامت محیط کار پرسنل و عموم مردم محسوب می‌شود.   2 Introduction: Gas pressure reduction stations are one of the most important parts of natural gas distribution networks. Risk assessment in operational units is a suitable method to assess risks, and their results can be used for management and decision-making regarding control and reduction of its consequences without critical concern. In other words, risk assessment is a process that identifies risks, assesses losses and determines risk characteristics. The present study aimed to model possible accidents, the subsequent evaluation of the consequences, and determination of safe boundaries in the suburban natural gas pressure reduction station located in the Bromi area of Ahvaz city using PHAST software. Materials and Methods: In this study, possible scenarios based on the investigated background and utilizing the process data of the studied gas pressure reduction station, such as temperature, gas pressure, gas analysis, and meteorological data, and also using Pasquil's classification of atmospheric conditions the safe boundaries in the suburban natural gas pressure reduction station was investigated using PHAST software version 22.8 and. For this purpose, 6 possible scenarios were investigated in the selected atmospheric classes as well as the worst possible conditions. The consequences were evaluated based on different states of gas discharge, gas release, flash fire, sudden fire, and explosion. Results: Based on the obtained results, the areas with high-risk potential were related to gas release and explosion, respectively. Also, the highest risk range belonging to scenario number five was reported for a gas explosion with atmospheric class F and wave intensity of 0.02068 bars and equivalent to 358.5 meters. In this range, according to the damage caused by the explosion, with a probability of 95%, without serious damage, 50% of the windows will be broken, and therefore it can cause human injuries. Based on this, the safe distance in this station was determined to be 358.5 meters. Conclusion: Based on concerns about the lack of risk assessment studies over the initial phases and during the operation of the station, the study shows that determining the safe boundaries and high-risk areas along with the priority of risk reduction is very necessary. It can be concluded that the modeling of accidents and the evaluation of the resulting consequences along with the determination of safe boundaries is one of the basic factors in the health of the working environment of personnel and the general public. 37 57 2022/05/182023/02/252023/03/42022/09/72022/12/16 1401/9/25 2022/11/222023/04/42023/05/222023/05/92023/06/6 1402/3/16 احمد طرفی علیوی Ahmad Torfi Alivi دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان ایران torfiahmad761@gmail.com فرهاد شهرکی Farhad Shahraki دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان ایران fshahraki@eng.usb.ac.ir محمد رضا سردشتی بیرجندی Mohammad Reza Sardashti Birjandi دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان ایران m.r_sardashti@eng.usb.ac.ir میر محمد خلیلی پور Mir Mohammad Khalilipour دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان ایران a.khalilipour@eng.usb.ac.ir Toxic Gas Release Explosion Modeling Process Accident Modeling Quantitative Risk Assessment PHAST Software انتشار گاز سمی مدل‌سازی انفجار مدل‌سازی حوادث فرایندی ارزیابی کمی ریسک نرم‌افزار PHAST Refrences##1. Ebrahimi S, Agha Seyed Jafar Kashfi M. Identification and evaluation of environmental, social, safety, security and health consequences (ESHIA) of upstream projects of the oil and gas industry. Comparative Law Studies. 2015; 7(1): 1-22.##2. Anna D, Yuli W, Yi G. Development and application of screw expander in natural gas pressure energy recovery at city gas station. Applied Thermal Engineering. 2018; 142: 665-673.##3. Ebrahemzadih M, Foroghi nasab F, Mortazavi M, Soltani Gerdfaramarzi R. Analysis of Processing Accidents due to H2S in Clot Stuck Unit of one of the South Pars Refineries Leakage Using Determination of Safe Privacy Approach. Occupational Medicine Quarterly Journal. 2015; 7(3): 11-18.##4. Ghasemi M, Givehchi S, Nasrabadi M. Modeling The Outcome Of Tank Explosion Using Phast Software And Presentation Of Emergency Operations Plan (Case Study: Ethylene Tank Of Kavian Petrochemical Company). Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences. 2016; 8: 2007-2021.##5. Nowrozi B. Evaluating the consequences and determining the safety of gas pipelines with PHAST software in one of the provincial gas companies. Master's thesis in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical, Oil and Gas Engineering, 2016.##6. Setareshenas seghalani N. Analyzing the consequences of spreading chlorine gas in urban and industrial areas. Master's Thesis in Chemical Engineering, University of Sistan and Baluchistan, 2019.##7. Pourqadiri A, Ashrafi F, Farhadian Esfahani M. Safety, health and environment in pressure reduction stations and gas transmission lines. The first national HSE conference with the approach of upstream oil and gas industries, Abadan, 2013.##8. Mousavi SA. Quantitative assessment of risk caused by process accidents in Ramsar gas pressure boosting station, Master's thesis in chemical engineering. Islamic Azad University, Shahrood Branch, Faculty of Engineering, 2013.##9. Tabrizian SA. review of different methods of removing hydrogen sulfide. 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Consequence Analysis of Gas Condensate Leakage in a Gas Refinery to Develop an Emergency Response Plan. J Occup Hyg Eng. 201 9 ; 6 ( 2): 1 - 8. DOI: 10.52547/johe. 6.2.1.##14. Nemati A. investigation of gas release damage from propane tank using PHAST software. Oil and gas exploration and production magazine. 2018; 168: 17-27.##15. Tian, Xinghao, Jiao, Wenling, Liu, Tianjie, Ren, Lemei, & Song, Bin (2021). Leakage detection of low-pressure gas distribution pipeline system based on linear fitting and extreme learning machine. International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping, v. doi:101016/jijpvp2021104553##16. Hao Xu, Hongchao Liu, Optimize Evacuation Route Considering the Operational Cost as a Constraint, International Journal of Transportation Science and Technology, Volume 2, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 65-78, ISSN 2046-0430, https://doi.org/10.1260/2046-0430.2.1.65.##17. Seung-Kwon S, Young-Gak Y, Ju-sung L, Jonggeol N, Chul-Jin L. 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بررسی ارتباط مشخصات دموگرافیک، استرس شغلی و توانایی کار در پرستاران: یک مطالعه توصیفی- مقطعی Investigating the relationship between demographic characteristics, job stress and work ability in nurses: A cross-sectional descriptive study 1 1 مقدمه: پرستاران نقش مهمی در سلامت جامعه ایفا می­کنند. پژوهش­های قبلی میزان استرس شغلی بالایی را در جامعه پرستاران گزارش داده­اند. لذا مطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی ارتباط مشخصات دموگرافیک و استرس شغلی بر توانایی کار پرستاران انجام شد. روش بررسی: 408 پرستار در این مطالعه توصیفی- مقطعی شرکت کردند. داده­ها با استفاده از پرسشنامه اطلاعات دموگرافیک، مقیاس استرس شغلی پرستاران (NSS) و شاخص توانایی کار (WAI) جمع­آوری شدند. جهت تجزیه‌وتحلیل آماری داده­ها از نرم­افزار آماری SPSS  نسخه 24 و آزمون­های تی مستقل، آنالیز واریانس یک‌طرفه (ANOVA) و همبستگی پیرسون استفاده شد. سطح معنی­داری در مطالعه حاضر کمتر از 05/0 در نظر گرفته شد. نتایج: میانگین و انحراف معیار سن پرستاران 1/5 ± 6/33 سال بود. 2/78 درصد شرکت­کنندگان (319 پرستار) زن و مابقی مرد بودند. 7/68 درصد از پرستاران ( 280 نفر) متأهل بودند. پرستاران دارای استرس شغلی بالا و توانایی کار ضعیف بودند. بین استرس شغلی و توانایی کار پرستاران ارتباط معنی­دار منفی مشاهده شد (001/0P<). سن و سابقه کاری با استرس شغلی ارتباط معنی­دار منفی و با توانایی کار ارتباط معنی­دار مثبت داشتند. همچنین، پرستاران با تحصیلات بالاتر دارای استرس شغلی پایین­تر و توانایی کار بالاتری بودند. نتیجه­گیری: با توجه به تأثیر منفی استرس شغلی بر توانایی کار پرستاران، به‌منظور کاهش میزان استرس شغلی و بهبود توانایی کار پرستاران، پیشنهاد می­شود که مدیران ذیربط نسبت به شناسایی و رفع عوامل ایجادکننده استرس جهت حفظ سلامت، بهبود توانایی کار و افزایش بهره­وری پرستاران اقدام نمایند. 2 Introduction: Nurses play a critical role in the health of society. Previous studies have reported a high level of occupational stress in the nursing community. Therefore, the present study investigates the relationship between demographic characteristics and job stress on nurses' workability.  Materials and Methods: 408 nurses participated in this cross-sectional descriptive study. Data were collected using a demographic information questionnaire, nurses' job stress scale (NSS), and work ability index (WAI). SPSS version 24 statistical software and independent t-tests, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Pearson correlation were used for data analysis. The significance level in the present study was considered less than 0.05.  Results: The mean and standard deviation of the age of the nurses was 33.6 ± 5.1 years. 78.2% of the participants (319 nurses) were women, and the rest were men. 68.7% of female nurses (280 people) were married. Nurses had high job stress and poor workability. A significant negative relationship was observed between job stress and nurses' workability (P<0.001). Age and work experience had a negative significant relationship with occupational stress and a positive significant relationship with workability. Also, nurses with higher education had lower job stress and higher workability.  Conclusion: Considering the negative impact of occupational stress on the nurses' workability, it is suggested that the relevant managers identify and eliminate the factors that cause occupational stress to maintain health, improve the ability to work, and increase the productivity of nurses, to reduce the amount of occupational stress and improve the workability of nurses.     58 66 2022/05/182023/02/252023/03/42022/09/72022/12/162023/02/28 1401/12/9 2022/11/222023/04/42023/05/222023/05/92023/06/62023/05/30 1402/3/9 ناصر صدرا ابرقویی Naser Sadra Abarghouei دانشگاه جامع علمی کاربردی ایران nasersadra@yahoo.com محمد ایمن پناه Mohammad Imenpanah دانشگاه علم و هنر ایران Imanpanah_mohamad@yahoo.com علی صدری اصفهانی Ali Sadri Esfahani دانشگاه علم و هنر ایران ali.sadri@sau.ac.ir Occupational Stress Work Ability Nurse استرس شغلی توانایی کار پرستار References##1. Lazarus RS. 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بررسی مقایسه‌ای صندلی مدل زینی با دو نوع صندلی رایج در دندانپزشکی بر ریسک ابتلا به اختلالات اسکلتی- عضلانی و راحتی ادراک‌شده در دندان‌پزشکان Comparative study of the saddle chair with two other conventional types of chair on the risk of musculoskeletal disorders and perceived comfort in dentists 1 1 مقدمه: دندان‌پزشکان در حین کار اغلب مجبور به اتخاذ پوسچرهای نامناسب، نامتقارن و درعین‌حال استاتیک می­گردند. این وضعیت اگر هر روز برای مدت طولانی ادامه داشته باشد منجر به وارد آمدن فشار بیش‌ازحد به عضلات و مفاصل درگیر شده و به‌ویژه در ناحیه گردن، شانه­ها، پشت و کمر علائمی نظیر احساس درد و ناراحتی را به دنبال دارد. با توجه به اهمیت پیشگیری و درمان زودرس اختلالات عضلانی- اسکلتی در بین دندان‌پزشکان، این پژوهش با هدف بررسی تأثیر سه نوع صندلی مورداستفاده در دندانپزشکی بر ریسک ابتلا به اختلالات اسکلتی- عضلانی و راحتی ادراک‌شده توسط دندان‌پزشکان در استفاده از هرکدام از صندلی­ها، انجام گرفت. روش بررسی: پژوهش حاضر از نوع cross-sectional و شامل بررسی یک گروه 70 نفره از دندان‌پزشکان مرد شهر تهران می­باشد. در این پژوهش سه صندلی(صندلی با نشیمن زینی(A)، صندلی Bو صندلی C) با هم مورد مقایسه قرار گرفتند. به‌منظور ارزیابی راحتی بدن، پرسشنامه ناراحتی وضعیتی Corlett  و Bishop مورداستفاده قرار گرفت. برای تعیین میزان ریسک اختلالات اسـکلتی- عضلانی اندام فوقانی و ارزیابی پوسچر هر دندان‌پزشک، از روش RULA استفاده شد. نتایج: بیشترین میزان راحتی به ترتیب در صندلی مدل زینی (اختلاف میانگین شدت ناراحتی قبل و بعد از شیفت کاری در کل بدن=39/12)، صندلی رایج نوع سوم(04/13) و صندلی رایج نوع دوم (76/18) در سطح معناداری p<0.001 گزارش‌شده است. نتایج ارزیابی پوسچر دندان‌پزشکان نشان داد که نمره نهایی RULA از حداقل 3 تا حداکثر 7 در استفاده از سه نوع صندلی متفاوت است. نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به نتایج مطالعه، میانگین شدت ناراحتی در کل بدن بعد از استفاده از صندلی مدل زینی، نسبت به حالت قبل از استفاده از آن به طور قابل توجهی نسبت به دو صندلی دیگر کاهش یافته است، که این امر نشان دهنده تاثیر مثبت استفاده از صندلی زینی در کاهش ناراحتی های اسکلتی عضلانی است. همچنین نتایج ارزیابی پوسچر نشان داد که استفاده از صندلی زینی نسبت به دو صندلی دیگر باعث بهبود و تسهیل شرایط کار می شود. 2 Introduction: dentists often have to adopt awkward, asymmetric, static postures and tilt their heads forward while working. If this situation continues for a long time every day, it leads to excessive pressure on the involved muscles and joints and causes symptoms such as pain and discomfort, especially in the neck, shoulders, back, and waist. Considering the importance of prevention, and early treatment of musculoskeletal disorders among dentists, this research investigates the effect of three types of chairs used in dentistry on the risk of musculoskeletal disorders and the comfort perceived by dentists using each chair. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conveyed in Tehran, the capital city of Iran. The present study includes a survey of a group of 70 male dentists. In this study, three types of chairs were compared. To evaluate body comfort, Corlette, and Bishop’s local discomfort questionnaire was used. The RULA method was used to determine the risk of upper limb musculoskeletal disorders and to assess each dentist's body condition. Results: The highest level of comfort was reported in the saddle model chair (the difference in the average intensity of discomfort before and after the work shift in the whole body = 12.39), the third type chair (13.04), and the second type chair (18/76). The dentists' posture evaluation results showed that the final score of RULA in three types of chairs varies from a minimum of 3 to a maximum of 7. Conclusion: According to the results of the study, the average intensity of discomfort in the whole body after using the saddle chair compared to the state before using it has significantly decreased compared to the other two types of chairs, which implies the positive effect of using the saddle chair in reducing musculoskeletal discomfort. The results of posture evaluation indicate that the use of the saddle chair, compared to the other two chairs, improves the working conditions and facilitates the work.   67 77 2022/05/182023/02/252023/03/42022/09/72022/12/162023/02/282022/02/10 1400/11/21 2022/11/222023/04/42023/05/222023/05/92023/06/62023/05/302023/05/21 1402/2/31 آسیه علی نژاد Asiyeh Alinezhad دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران ایران asiyeh.alinezhad1992@gmail.com محمدصادق قاسمی Mohammad Sadegh Ghasemi دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران ایران ghasemi.m@iums.ac.ir ناصر دهقان Naser Dehghan دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران ایران Dehghan.naser@gmail.com رضیه سلطانی raziyeh soltani gerdfaramarzi دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد ایران Raziyeh_soltani@yahoo.com Musculoskeletal Disorders Dentist Chair اختلالات اسکلتی-عضلانی دندان‌پزشک صندلی References##1. Van Doorn JW. Low back disability among self employed dentists, veterinarians, physicians and physical therapists in the Netherlands. Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica. 1995;263:1-64.##2. Marklin RW, Cherney K. Working postures of dentists and dental hygienists. J Calif Dent Assoc. 2005;33(2):133-6.##3. Corlett EN, Bishop R. A technique for assessing postural discomfort Ergonomics.1976;19(2):175–182. ##4. McAtamney L, Corlett EN. “RULA: a survey method for the investigation of work-related upper limb disorders” . Applied Ergonomics, 1993; 24(2): 91–99.##5. Parno A, Poursadeghiyan M, Omidi L, Parno M, Sayehmiri K, Sayehmiri F. The Prevalence Of Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorders In The Upper Extremity: A Systematic Review And MetaAnalysis. J Saf Promot Inj Prev. 2016; 4(1):9-18. [Persian]##6. Ahmed A, Oraby E. Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders among Dentists in Sharkia Governmental Hospitals, Egypt. Egyptian Journal of Occupational Medicine. 2017;41(2):175-186.[Persian]##7. Choobineh A, Daneshmandi A, Mohammadbeigi KH. Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorders and Posture Evaluation by RULA method in general Dentists of Shiraz. Journal of Islamic Dental Association of Iran. 2012;24(4):310-317.[Persian]##8. Sanders MS, McCormic EJ. Human Factors in Engineering and Design (Ergonomic) seven editions. 1999.## ## ##

اثربخشی آموزش مجازی مدیریت خشم به روش‌شناختی رفتاری بر نشخوار خشم، سلامت روان، تعارض کار و خانواده و روابط بین فردی The effectiveness of virtual anger management training using the cognitive behavioral method on anger rumination, mental health, work-family conflict, and interpersonal relationships 1 1 مقدمه: در سال‌های اخیر محیط کار اهمیت زیادی یافته و به‌عنوان یک مکان مناسب برای فعالیت‌های ارتقای سطح سلامت موردتوجه قرارگرفته است .محیط کار فرصت و امکانات مناسب برای تأثیر بر شیوه زندگی مردم را فراهم می‌آورد. پژوهش حاضر با هدف اثربخشی آموزش مجازی مدیریت خشم به روش‌شناختی رفتاری بر نشخوار خشم، سلامت روان، تعارض کار- خانواده و روابط بین فردی انجام گرفت. روش بررسی: روش پژوهش از نوع نیمه آزمایشی با طرح پیش‌آزمون-پس‌آزمون با گروه کنترل بود. جامعه آماری شامل کلیه معلمان زن مقطع متوسطه دوم در سال تحصیلی1402- 1401 شهر اصفهان بود که به شیوه نمونه‌گیری در دسترس تعداد 30 معلم زن انتخاب و به شیوه تصادفی در دو گروه آزمایش (15 نفر) و گروه کنترل (15 نفر) گماشته شدند. گروه آزمایش 8 جلسه 60 دقیقه‌ای تحت آموزش مجازی مدیریت خشم قرار گرفتند و گروه کنترل در لیست انتظار باقی ماندند. هر دو گروه در مراحل پیش‌آزمون و پس‌آزمون توسط پرسشنامه‌های نشخوار خشم، فرم کوتاه شده فهرست اس سی ال -90، پرسشنامه تعارض کار و خانواده و پرسشنامه روابط بین فردی مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. به‌منظور بررسی و تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده­ها از نرم‌افزار آماری SPSS23 و روش تحلیل کوواریانس چند متغیره و تک متغیره استفاده شد. نتایج: نتایج نشان داد که آموزش مجازی مدیریت خشم بر نشخوار خشم و ابعاد آن پس فکرهای خشم، افکار انتقام، خاطره‌های خشم و شناخت علت‌ها به ترتیب برابر با 7/44، 9/16، 2/23 و 5/45 درصد از واریانس، سلامت روان 3/43 درصد از واریانس، تعارض کار-خانواده2 /37 درصد از واریانس و روابط بین فردی و ابعاد آن 2/65 درصد از واریانس تأثیر معنی‌داری دارند (01/0p<). نتیجه‌گیری: آموزش مجازی مدیریت خشم به‌عنوان درمانی اثرگذار می‌تواند به بهبود سلامت روانی کارکنان کمک شایانی نماید. ازاین‌رو پیشنهاد می‌گردد آموزش مجازی مدیریت خشم می‌تواند به‌عنوان رویکرد آموزشی نوینی جهت کاهش نشخوار خشم و تعارض کار- خانواده و افزایش سلامت روان و روابط بین فردی موردتوجه درمانگران و مشاورین این حوزه قرار گیرد. 2 Introductio: In recent years, the work environment has gained great importance and has been considered as a suitable place for health improvement activities. The work environment provides opportunities and suitable facilities to influence people's lives. The present research was conducted with the aim of the effectiveness of virtual anger management with Cognitive behavioral methodology using the cognitive behavioral method on anger rumination, mental health, work-family conflict  and interpersonal relationships. Materials and Methods: The research method was a semi-experimental research method with control groups and pre-test-post-test. The statistical population included all secondary school female teachers in Isfahan city in the academic year of 2021-2020, 30 female teachers were selected by random sampling and randomly assigned to two experimental groups (15 people) and a control group (15 people). The experimental group underwent 60-minute virtual anger management training and the control group remained on the waiting list. Both groups were evaluated in the pre-test and post-test stages by Sakhodolsky et al.'s (2001) anger rumination, shortened form of the SCL-90 inventory, work-family conflict questionnaire (Carlson et al., 2000) and Interpersonal Relationship Quality Questionnaire (Pierce et al., 1991). In order to analyze the data, statistical methods and SPSS version 23 software and multivariate covariance and single covariance analysis were used. Results: The findings showed that the virtual training of anger management on rumination of anger and its dimensions, thoughts of anger, thoughts of revenge, memories of anger and knowing the causes are equal to 44.7, 16.9, 23.2 and 45.5 percent of the variance, respectively. , mental health is 43.3% of the variance, work-family conflict is 37.2% of the variance, and interpersonal relationships and its dimensions have a significant effect of 65.2% of the variance (p<0.01). Conclusion: As a result, virtual anger management training as an effective therapy can help to improve mental health. Therefore, it is suggested that counselors and psychologists pay special attention to anger management virtual training to reduce anger rumination and work-family conflict and increase mental health and interpersonal relationships.   78 91 2022/05/182023/02/252023/03/42022/09/72022/12/162023/02/282022/02/102023/01/25 1401/11/5 2022/11/222023/04/42023/05/222023/05/92023/06/62023/05/302023/05/212023/05/27 1402/3/6 فائزه علی اصغری لهداربنی Faezeh Aliasghari Lehdarboni گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد اصفهان (خوراسگان)، اصفهان، ایران ایران faezealiasghari@yahoo.com هادی فرهادی Hadi Farhadi دانشیار گروه روانشناسی، مرکز تحقیقات اعتیادهای رفتاری، واحد اصفهان (خوراسگان)، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اصفهان، ایران ایران Farhadihadi@yahoo.com Anger Management Training Anger Rumination Mental Health Work-Family Conflict Interpersonal Relationships Teachers آموزش مدیریت خشم نشخوار خشم سلامت روان تعارض کار و خانواده و روابط بین فردی معلمان 1. 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