1403 16 4 57 89

شناسایی و اولویت‌بندی معیارهای مؤثر بر جانمایی نقاط تجمع ایمن با استفاده از روش Best-Worst Method Identification and Prioritization of Criteria Affecting the Location of Safe Assembly Points Using the Best-Worst Method 1 1 مقدمه: جانمایی نقاط تجمع ایمن در شرایط اضطراری یکی از مهم‌ترین اقدامات در مدیریت شرایط اضطراری در صنایع مختلف، بویژه نفت و گاز و پتروشیمی می­باشد. مطالعه حاضر با هدف استخراج معیارهای مؤثر بر جانمایی نقاط تجمع ایمن و اولویت‌بندی این معیارها برای استفاده صنایع فرآیندی کشور طراحی و اجرا شد. روش بررسی: این مطالعه بصورت توصیفی- اکتشافی در شرکت ملی پتروشیمی اجرا شد. در فاز اول، با بررسی متون و مقالات علمی، استانداردها، راهنماها و دستورالعمل­های ملی و بین المللی، معیارهای مؤثر بر جانمایی نقاط تجمع ایمن استخراج و در قالب یک مطالعه دلفی توسط 15 متخصص مدیریت شرایط اضطراری لیست نهایی معیارها تعیین شد. سپس، در فاز دوم؛ اولویت­بندی و رتبه­بندی این معیارها با استفاده از یک رویکرد تصمیم­گیری چندمعیاره و روش بهترین- بدترین انجام شد. نتایج: نهایتأ، مطالعه دلفی پس از اجرای 2 راند با تعیین 10 معیار داخلی و 7 معیار بیرونی و مجموعأ 17 معیار مؤثر برای تعیین نقاط تجمع ایمن در شرایط اضطراری در صنایع فرآیندی پایان یافت. در بین معیارهای داخلی، سهولت دسترسی با وزن 1948/0 رتبه اول، پتانسیل اثرپذیری از حادثه با وزن 1543/0 رتبه دوم و مدت‌زمان پیمایش با وزن 1109/0 رتبه سوم را کسب کرد. در بین معیارهای بیرونی، فاصله از مراکز خطرزای اطراف با وزن 2181/0 رتبه اول، ماهیت سناریوهای محتمل با وزن 2081/0 رتبه دوم و امکانات اضطراری اطراف با وزن 1462/0 رتبه سوم را کسب کردند. نتیجه­گیری: جانمایی نقاط تجمع ایمن در شرایط اضطراری در صنایع فرآیندی بایستی با توجه به معیارهای فاصله از مراکز خطرزای اطراف، ماهیت سناریوهای محتمل، سهولت دسترسی، پتانسیل اثرپذیری از حادثه، امکانات اضطراری اطراف و شرایط باد غالب انجام پذیرد تا بیشترین حفاظت از جان شاغلین صورت پذیرد. 2 Introduction: Identifying secure gathering spots during emergencies is a crucial step in emergency management across multiple industries, particularly in oil, gas, and petrochemical fields. This study was designed to identify and rank the factors affecting the placement of safe assembly points for implementation in the country’s process industries. Materials and Methods: This descriptive-exploratory study was conducted at the National Petrochemical Company. During the initial phase, criteria affecting the selection of safe assembly points were determined by examining scientific literature, standards, guidelines, along with national and international directives. A Delphi study involving 15 experts in emergency management experts was subsequently conducted to finalize the criteria list . During the second phase, these criteria were prioritized and ranked through a multi-criteria decision-making method utilizing and the Best-Worst Method. Results: The Delphi study was completed after two rounds, revealing 10 internal and 7 external criteria, amounting to 17 criteria that affect the determination of safe assembly points during emergencies in processing industries. Within the internal criteria, accessibility was the highest rated  (weight: 0.1948), vulnerability to incidents was second (weight: 0.1543), and travel time was third (weight: 0.1109). Among the external criteria, the distance from nearby hazardous centres was the highest (weight: 0.2181), the type of potential scenarios was second (weight: 0.2081), and nearby emergency facilities placed third (weight: 0.1462). Conclusion: In process industries, the placement of safe assembly points during emergencies must take into account factors like the distance from surrounding hazardous areas, the type of possible incidents, ease of access, vulnerability to incidents, nearby emergency services, and wind patterns to guarantee optimal personnel protection.     1 17 2024/09/1 1403/6/11 2024/12/30 1403/10/10 فاطمه آزاد Fateme Azad دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران ایران fatemeazad40@yahoo.com مهناز میرزا ابراهیم طهرانی Mahnaz Mirzaebrahim Tehrani دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران ایران Tehrani_mah@gmail.com سیدعلی جوزی Seysed Ali Jozi دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران ایران sajozi@gmail.com سید محمدرضا میری لواسانی Seyed Mohammadreza Miri Lavasani دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران ایران mohammadrezamirilavasani@gmail.com Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Safe Assembly Point Delphi Study Process Industries Best-Worst Method تصمیم­گیری چندمعیاره نقطه تجمع ایمن مطالعه دلفی صنایع فرآیندی روش بهترین- بدترین 1. Yazdi M, Kabir S. Fuzzy evidence theory and Bayesian networks for process systems risk analysis. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal. 2020;26(1):57-86.##2. Zarei E, Azadeh A, Aliabadi MM, Mohammadfam I. Dynamic safety risk modeling of process systems using bayesian network. Process Safety Progress. 2017;36(4):399-407.##3. Khakzad N, Khan F, Amyotte P. Dynamic safety analysis of process systems by mapping bow-tie into Bayesian network. Process Safety and Environmental Protection. 2013;91 (2):46-53.##4. Lajevardi SS, Jafari MJ, Mohmmad Fam I. Determining Safety Integrity Level on a Hydrogen Production Unit with Application of the Layers of Protection Analysis Method. Irtiqa Imini Pishgiri Masdumiyat (Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention). 2014;2(1):23-30.##5. Arendt JS, Lorenzo DK. Evaluating process safety in the chemical industry: A user's guide to quantitative risk analysis: John Wiley & Sons; 2010.##6. Ouazraoui N, Nait-Said R, Bourareche M, Sellami I. Layers of protection analysis in the framework of possibility theory. Journal of hazardous materials. 2013;262:168-78.##7. Farhadi S, Mohammadfam I, Kalatpour O. Comparative study of usability of two patterns for developing an emergency scenario recommended by international standard organization and homeland security exercise evaluation program. Journal of Occupational Hygiene Engineering. 2016;3(1):8-16.##8. Negahban AR, Ghorbani SF, Rahimpoor R, Jalali M, Rahiminejad S, Soltanian A, et al. Evaluating occupational exposure to carcinogenic volatile organic compounds in an oil-dependent chemical industry: a case study on benzen and epichlorohydrin. Journal of Occupational Hygiene Engineering. 2014;1(1):36-46.##9. Kalatpour O, Farhadi S. The content analysis of emergency scenarios: thematic survey of the context in the process industries. Safety science. 2017;92:257-61.##10. Ebrahemzadih M, Nazari R, Rahimimoghadam S, Jalali M, Foroghinasab F. Human error probability in the emergency evacuation. Sigurnost: časopis za sigurnost u radnoj i životnoj okolini. 2023;65(4):435-43.##11. Majid NDA, Shariff AM, Loqman SM. Ensuring emergency planning & response meet the minimum Process Safety Management (PSM) standards requirements. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries. 2016;40: 248-258##12. Farhadi S, Mohammadfam I, Kalatpur O. Introducing a pattern for developing emergency scenarios in industries and studying the conformity of the exercised scenarios in the process industries with the presented pattern. Iran Occupational Health. 2017;14(2):72-81##13. Soltanzadeh A, Gohari Motlagh M, Ghiyasi S. Assessing the efficiency of muster point in crisis: a case study in tehran city. Archives of Occupational Health. 2020;4(1):516-20.##14. Salehe Nematifard, Katayoun Jahangiri, Alireza Haj Qasem Khan, Hamid Reza Jamshidi Solukloei, Saeed Bahramzadeh Gandeshmin, Ghazaleh Monazami Tehrani. Identification of safe assembly points in emergencies in a gas refinery of the South Pars Gas complex using Fuzzy logic model. Sci J Rescue Relief. 2019;11(486) 275-89.##15. Ebrahimi A, Kalatpour O, Mohammadfam I. Representation of a Framework for Determining Emergency Muster Points in Process Industries Using Integrated FAHP-FTOPSIS Methods. Journal of Occupational Hygiene Engineering. 2022;9(3):153-65.##16. Zhang F, Qiao Q, Wang J, Liu P. Data-driven AI emergency planning in process industry. Journal of loss prevention in the process industries. 2022;76:104740.##17. Rezaei J. Best-worst multi-criteria decision-making method. Omega. 2015;53:49-57.##18. Rezaei J. Best-worst multi-criteria decision-making method: Some properties and a linear model. Omega. 2016;64:126-30.##19. Landeta J. Current validity of the Delphi method in social sciences. Technological forecasting and social change. 2006;73(5):467-82.##20. Fukuma S, Shimizu S, Niihata K, Sada K-e, Yanagita M, Hatta T, et al. Development of quality indicators for care of chronic kidney disease in the primary care setting using electronic health data: a RAND-modified Delphi method. Clinical and experimental nephrology. 2017;21:247-56.##21. Jamshidi Solukloei HR. Identification of Safe Assembly Points in Emergencies in a Gas Refinery of the South Pars Gas Complex Using Fuzzy Logic Model. scientific journal of rescue and relief. 2019;11(4):275-86.##22. Fernández-Muñiz B, Montes-Peon JM, Vazquez-Ordas CJ. Safety management system: Development and validation of a multidimensional scale. Journal of Loss Prevention in the process Industries. 2007;20(1):52-68.##23. Mortazavi B, Mahdavi S, Asilian H, Arghami S, Gholamnia R. Identification and assessment of human errors in SRP unit of control room of tehran oil refinery using HEIST technique) 2007. Journal of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences. 2008;12(3): e79969.##24. Forghani MA, Darbandi S. Evaluation of effective factors in site selection of temporary housing after earthquake by using GIS and AHP technique (Case study: Kerman 4th district). Quarterly Scientific Journal of Rescue and Relief. 2015;7(2):54-81.##25. Yong N, Inraksa S, Tongsuk W. An Evaluation of the Evacuation time of Workers Following an Ammonia Leakage in One Seafood Industry, Songkhla Province. Thaksin Procedia. 2020;2:1-10.##26. Movahed AR, Jahani F, Parvini M, Shakib M. Consequence Analysis of Gas Condensate Leakage in a Gas Refinery to Develop an Emergency Response Plan. Journal of Occupational Hygiene Engineering Volume. 2019;6(2):1-8.##27. Beheshti MH, Hajizadeh R, Mehri A, Borhani M. Modeling the result of hexane leakage from storage tanks and planning an emergency response programm in a petrochemical complex. Iran Occupational Health 2016;13(1):69-79 ##28. Shamsuddini A, Khodayari A. Locating safe places for emergency resettlement against natural disasters (earthquake) Case study [PhD Thesis]. Marvdasht Branch: Islamic Azad University; 2017.##29. Cullen LW. The public inquiry into the Piper Alpha disaster. Drilling Contractor;(United States). 1993;49(4).##30. Givehchi S, Attar MA. Application of multiple criteria decision making models to site selection for temporary housing after earthquakes. Journal of Emergency Management. 2013;1(2):35-43.##31. Hoscan O, Cetinyokus S. Determination of emergency assembly point for industrial accidents with AHP analysis. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries. 2021;69:104386.##32. Aliabadi MM, Mohammadfam I, Soltanian AR, Najafi K. Human error probability determination in blasting process of ore mine using a hybrid of HEART and best-worst methods. Safety and Health at Work. 2022;13(3):326-35.##33. Malek J, Desai TN. Prioritization of sustainable manufacturing barriers using Best Worst Method. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2019;226:589-600.##34. Jalali M, Habibi E, Khakzad N, Aval SB, Dehghan H. A novel framework for human factors analysis and classification system for medical errors (HFACS-MES)—A Delphi study and causality analysis. Plos one. 2024;19(2):e0298606.## ##

نقش سکوت سازمانی در پیش‌بینی فرسودگی شغلی و مؤلفه‌های آن: مطالعه موردی کارکنان دانشگاه ملایر Role of organizational silence in predicting job burnout and its components: A case study of Malayer University employees 1 1 مقدمه: پیشرفت سازمان‌ها در گرو مشارکت، ارائه ایده‌ها و دیدگاه‌های انتقادی و سازنده منابع انسانی و سرمایه‌های فکری است. این پژوهش به‌منظور مطالعه نقش سندرم سکوت سازمانی در فرسودگی شغلی کارکنان طراحی و اجرا گردیده است. همچنین روابط بین متغیرهای پژوهشی با متغیرهای جمعیت شناختی مورد آزمون قرارگرفته است. روش بررسی: روش پژوهش از نوع توصیفی - همبستگی می‌باشد. جامعه آماری پژوهش، کارکنان اداری دانشگاه ملایر به تعداد 110 نفر می‌باشد. با توجه به حجم محدود جامعه از روش سرشماری استفاده گردید. ابزارهای جمع‌آوری اطلاعات شامل پرسشنامه‌های سکوت سازمانی دینه و همکاران و فرسودگی شغلی مسلش و جکسون می‌باشد. نتایج: بر اساس نتایج پژوهش بین سکوت سازمانی و مؤلفه‌های فرسودگی شغلی رابطه معناداری وجود دارد. بر اساس نتایج پژوهش رابطه معناداری (001/0= sig /  294/0= r) بین سکوت سازمانی نوع‌دوستانه با خستگی عاطفی وجود دارد. اما بین سکوت تدافعی و مطیع و خستگی عاطفی رابطه معناداری وجود ندارد. از بین متغیرهای سکوت سازمانی، سکوت مطیع(001/0= sig /  374/0= r) و سکوت تدافعی(012/0= sig /  456/0= r) پیش‌بینی‌کننده معناداری از مسخ شخصیت هستند. بر اساس نتایج پژوهش، سکوت نوع‌دوستانه با احساس بی‌کفایتی رابطه معنادار دارد(011/0= sig /  222/0= r). اما بین سکوت سازمانی مطیع و تدافعی و احساس بی‌کفایتی رابطه معناداری وجود ندارد. نتایج پژوهش همچنین وجود روابط معنادار بین برخی متغیرهای جمعیت شناختی و فرسودگی شغلی و سکوت سازمانی را تائید می‌کند. نتیجه‌گیری: بر اساس نتایج پژوهش مدیران سازمان‌ها باید به ایجاد محیط و جوی باز برای کارکنان مبادرت نمایند تا در این محیط کارکنان آزادانه و بدون ترس نظرات و عقاید خود را ابراز نمایند، زیرا سکوت سازمانی علاوه بر ایجاد فرسودگی شغلی در کارکنان، تبعات منفی سازمانی و فردی متعددی را به همراه دارد. 2 Introduction: The advancement of organizations depends on engagement, providing essential and constructive insights and prospectives from human resources and intellectual capital. This research designed and implemented to study the impact of organizational silence syndrome on employee burnout. Moreover, the connections between research variables and demographic variables were tested. Materials and Methods: The study employed a descriptive-correlation approach, while  the research framework is a multivariate correlation design. The statistical population of the research consisted of 110 administrative employees of Malayer University. Considering the small size of the community, the census approach employed. Data collection tools included organizational silence questionnaires developed by Dina et al. (2003) and job burnout questionnaires by Meslash and Jackson (1981). Results: The study’s findings indicated a notable connection between organizational silence and components job burnout. The findings of the research showed a noteworthy correlation between ProSocial silence and emotional exhaustion (r=0.294 / sig=0.001). Nevertheless, there was no significant connection between defensive and acquiescent silence and emotional exhaustion. Among the variables of organizational silence, Acquiescent silence (r=0.374/sig=0.001) and defensive silence (r=0.456/sig=0.011) were significant predictors of depersonalization. According to the results, proSocial silence had a significant relationship with the feeling of inadequacy (r=0.222/sig=0.012). However, there was no significant connection between Acquiescent and defensive organizational silence and the sense of inadequacy. The research results also confirmed the existence of significant relationships between certain demographic variables and job burnout as well as organizational silence. Conclusion: According to the findings of the study, managers of organizations should foster a transparent atmosphere for employees enabling them to share their views openly and without apprehension. This is crucial as organizational silence, not only contributes to employee burnout but also leads to numerous adverse effects for both the organizational and individuals.     18 27 2024/09/12023/09/30 1402/7/8 2024/12/302024/12/30 1403/10/10 عباس خاکپور Abbas Khakpour دانشکدۀ ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه ملایر ایران khakpour@malayeru.ac.ir Organizational silence Job burnout Demographic variables سکوت سازمانی فرسودگی شغلی متغیرهای جمعیت شناختی 1. Aruoren EE, Isiaka GA. Mediating Effect of Perceived Organizational Support on the Relationship between Organizational Silence and Organizational Commitment. European Journal of Business and Management. 2023;15(4): 24-34.##2. Durak İ. Relationships between organizational silence and demographics, institutional factors: a study on academic staff. Atatürk University Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences. 2016;28(2): 89-108.##3. Cetin A. Organizational Silence and Organizational Commitment: A Study of Turkish Sport Managers. Ann Appl Sport Sci. 2020;8(2): 0-0. URL: http://aassjournal.com/article-1-830-en.html ##4. Deniz N, Noyan A, Ertosun G. The relationship between employee silence and organizational commitment in a Private healthcare company. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 2013;99: 691–700.##5. Morrison EW, Milliken FJ. Organizational silence: A barrier to change and development in a pluralistic world. Academy of Management review. 2000; 25(4):706-25.##6. Dyne LV, Ang S Botero IC. Conceptualizing employee silence and employee voice as multidimensional constructs. Journal of management studies. 2003;40(6):1359-1392.‌##7. Ji-Hai Y, Xiang X-T, Shen L. The impact of teachers’ organizational silence on job performance: a serial mediation effect of psychological empowerment and organizational affective commitment. Asia Pacific Journal of Education. 2022;44(1):1-19.‌##8. Gashtasebi Fard G, Karimi F. The relationship between organizational trust and organizational silence with job satisfaction and organizational commitment of the employees of university. International Education Studies. 2015;8(11):219.##9. Panahi B, Veiseh S, Divkhar S, Kamari F. An empirical analysis on influencing factors on organizational silence and its relationship with employee’s organizational commitment. Management Science Letters. 2012;2(3):735-44.##10. Sayğan FN. Relationship between affective commitment and organizational silence: A conceptual discussion. International journal of social sciences and humanity studies. 20111;3(2):219-27.##11. Lu AC, Gursoy D. Impact of job burnout on satisfaction and turnover intention: do generational differences matter?. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research. 2016;40(2):210-35.##12. Akin U, Ulusoy T. The relationship between organizational silence and burnout among academician: A research on universities in Turkey. International Journal of Higher Education. 2016;5(2):46-58.##13. Slezáková Z, Vörösová G, Mičinová G. Burnout syndrome in neurological nursing. Clinical Social Work and Health Intervention. 2016;7(2):36-46.##14. Schaufeli WB, Bakker AB. Job demands, job resources, and their relationship with burnout and engagement: A multi‐sample study. Journal of organizational Behavior. 2004;25(3):293-315.##15. Maslach C, Schaufeli WB, Leiter MP. Job burnout. Annual review of psychology. 2001;52(1):397-422.##16. Swider BW, Zimmerman RD. Born to burnout: A meta-analytic path model of personality, job burnout, and work outcomes. Journal of Vocational Behavior. 2010;76(3):487-506.##17. Khamisa N, Oldenburg B, Peltzer K, Ilic D. Work related stress, burnout, job satisfaction and general health of nurses. International journal of environmental research and public health. 2015;12(1):652-66.##18. Kim WH, Kim WH, Ra YA, Ra YA, Park JG, Park JG, Kwon B, Kwon B. Role of burnout on job level, job satisfaction, and task performance. Leadership & Organization Development Journal. 2017;38(5):630-45.##19. Bianchi R, Boffy C, Hingray C, Truchot D, Laurent E. Comparative symptomatology of burnout and depression. Journal of Health Psychology. 2013;18(6):782-7.##20. Bianchi R, Schonfeld IS, Laurent E. Is burnout separable from depression in cluster analysis? A longitudinal study. Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology. 2015;50(6):1005-11.##21. Ahola K, Hakanen J, Perhoniemi R, Mutanen P. Relationship between burnout and depressive symptoms: a study using the person-centred approach. Burnout Research. 2014 Jun;1(1):29-37.##22. Wu S, Zhu W, Wang Z, Wang M, Lan Y. Relationship between burnout and occupational stress among nurses in China. Journal of advanced nursing. 2007;59(3):233-9.##23. Aktas H, Şimsek E. Bireylerin örgütsel sessizlik tutumlarında iş doyumu ve duygusal tükenmişlik algılarının rolü. Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi. 2015;11(24):205-30.##24. Kahya C. Organizational silence and job burnout, Electronic Turkish Studies; 2015 Oct 1; 10(10).##25. Coban H, Sarikaya M. A Research On The Relationship Between Organizational Silence And Burnout. European Scientific Journal, ESJ. 2016;12(10):145-154.##26. Dyne LV, Ang S, Botero IC. Conceptualizing employee silence and employee voice as multidimensional constructs. Journal of management studies. 2003;40(6):1359-92.##27. Al Haraisa YE. The Influence of Organizational Silence on Job Burnout: A Practical Study on Shipping Companies in Jordan. International Journal of Business and Management. 2023;16(10):1-29.##28. De los Santos JA, Rosales RA, Falguera CC, Firmo CN, Tsaras K, Labrague LJ. Impact of organizational silence and favoritism on nurse's work outcomes and psychological well‐being. InNursing Forum. 2020;55(4);782-792.##29. Lerebulan HE, Amalia L. The Effect of Employee Silence on Turnover Intention, with Burnout As a Mediation Variable and Coworker Support As a Moderating Variable. Indonesian Journal of Business Analytics. 2023;3(1):41-56.##30. Lee SE, Seo JK, Squires A. Voice, silence, perceived impact, psychological safety, and burnout among nurses: A structural equation modeling analysis. International Journal of Nursing Studies. 2023;151(1):104669.##31. Srivastava S, Jain AK, Sullivan S. Employee silence and burnout in India: the mediating role of emotional intelligence. Personnel Review. 2019;48(4):1045-60.##32. Nitafan RP. Employee Silence, Organizational Commitment, and Job Burnout of Regular Employees in Local Government Units in the Cotabato Province, Philippines: A Keystone for Intervention. International Journal of English Literature and Social Sciences (IJELS). 2020;5(6); 1932-1948##33. Maslach C, Jackson SE. The measurement of experienced burnout. Journal of organizational behavior. 1981;2(2):99-113.##34. Rajabi Farjad, H., mirsepasi, N., samiei, M. Investigating the effect of organizational silence on manpower productivity (Case Study: The main office of Transportation and Terminal Department in central Province). The Journal of Productivity Management. 2018; 11(4(43)): 187-209.##35. Darabi Emarati A, Moradi H. Analyzing the effect of job burnout on organizational commitment with the mediation of teachers' organizational silence. Journal of Research in Educational Systems. 2023; 17(60): 78-93. doi: 10.22034/jiera.2023.385345.2916##36. Shams Ravandi HR, Sharifi H, Gangi H. Investigatoin of factor structure, validity and reliability of Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) among Football referees. PSYCHOMETRY. 2022;10(40):7-15.##37. Harrison RL, Reilly TM, John WC. "Methodological rigor in mixed methods: An application in management studies." Journal of Mixed Methods Research .2020.;14(1):473-495.‌##38. Rabatin J, Williams E, Baier Manwell L, Schwartz MD, Brown RL, Linzer M. Predictors and outcomes of burnout in primary care physicians. Journal of primary care & community health. 2016;7(1):41-3.##39. Olanrewaju AS, Chineye OJ. Gender differences in burnout among health workers in the Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital Ado-Ekiti. International Journal of Social and Behavioural Sciences. 2013;1(6):112-21.##40. Chaudhuri A, Ray M, Hazra SK, Goswami A, Bera S. Correlation of perceived stress with blood group A and O among medical students and its effect on lipid profile in a medical college of Eastern India. Saudi Journal of Sports Medicine. 2016;16(1):57.## ##

ارزیابی فراوانی و ریسک ابتلا به ویروس کرونا در مشاغل مختلف یک بیمارستان آموزشی در شهر یزد Evaluation of the frequency and risk of corona virus in different occupations of a teaching hospital in Yazd City 1 1 مقدمه: کارکنان مراقبت‌های بهداشتی سربازان خط مقدم مبارزه با ویروس کرونا می‌باشند. روش بررسی: این مطالعه مقطعی در یکی از بیمارستان‌های آموزشی شهر یزد بر روی کلیه پرسنل شاغل انجام گرفت. برای هر یک از شرکت کنندگان پرسشنامه‌ای حاوی اطلاعـات دﻣﻮﮔﺮاﻓﯿــﮏ و سابقه‌ی تعداد دفعات و مدت زمان مواجهه روزانه با بیمار مبتلا به ویروس کرونا و مدت ‌زمان استفاده از تجهیزات حفاظت فردی (PPE) و ضدعفونی کننده‌ها در زمان مواجهه مستقیم (در فاصله کمتر از 1 متر) و در زمان به‌کارگیری پروسیجرهای تولیدکننده‌ی آئروسل تکمیل گردید. میزان بروز، ضریب تکرار، احتمال، شدت پیامد و ریسک ابتلا به کرونا نیز در گروه‌های مختلف شغلی تعیین گردید. نتایج: 66/40 درصد از پرسنل شاغل در بیمارستان سابقه ابتلا به ویروس کرونا داشتند. بیشترین فراوانی ابتلا به ویروس کرونا در پرستاران (60/51 درصد) مشاهده شد. بیش از 90 درصد از کارکنان مراقبت‌های بهداشتی که در 95 درصد از زمان کاری خود از PPE استفاده نمی‌کردند در سطح ریسک بالای ابتلا به ویروس کرونا قرار داشتند. پزشکان روزانه بیشترین تعداد دفعات مواجهه (بطور میانگین 94/27 بار مواجهه) و بیشترین مدت زمان مواجهه (بطور میانگین 89/243 دقیقه) را گزارش نمودند و بیشترین ریسک ابتلا به ویروس کرونا به ترتیب در پزشکان (93/60) و پرستاران (49/39) مشاهده شد. بیشترین میزان بروز (22/51) و ضریب تکرار (27/26) نیز در پرستاران مشاهده شد. نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به اینکه، درصد بالایی از کارکنان بیمارستان مبتلا به ویروس کرونا هستند و از بین گروه‌های شغلی بیشترین فراوانی ابتلا در بین پرستاران مشاهده شد آموزش مناسب در جهت ضرورت استفاده از PPE ضروری بنظر میرسد. 2 Introduction: Healthcare professionals are the frontline soldiers against Corona. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on all personnel at a teaching hospital located in Yazd City. Each participant completed a questionnaire that included demographic information as well as their history regarding the frequency and length of daily contact with a patient infected with COVID-19. It also covered the duration of personal protective equipment (PPE) usage and alcohol-based hand rub application during direct exposure (with 1 meter) and throughout aerosolizing procedures performed on the patient. Incidence rate, Frequency rate, probability, severity rate, and risk of corona infection were evaluated among various occupational groups within the hospital. Results: 40.66% of the staff employed in the hospital were infected with corona virus. The highest frequency of corona infection was observed among nurses (51.60%). Over 90% of healthcare personnel who did not utilize PPE for 95% of their work time faced a high-risk level for the coronavirus. Physicians reported the highest number of daily exposures (averaging 27.94 exposures) and the longest exposure time (averaging 243.89 minutes). The highest risk of infection among doctors (60.93) and nurses (39.49) was observed. The nurses exhibited the highest incidence rate (51.22) and frequency rate (26.27). Conclusion: Due to a significant percentage of hospital staff with coronavirus, and with the highest infection rates occurring among nurses, adequate training for the use of PPE is necessary. 28 38 2024/09/12023/09/302024/08/13 1403/5/23 2024/12/302024/12/302024/10/27 1403/8/6 فاطمه کارگر شورکی Fatemeh Kargar_Shouroki دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد ایران kargar142@gmail.com مطهره بیک Motahareh Beyk دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد ایران fkargar142@gmail.com غلامحسین حلوانی Gholam Hossein Halvani دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد ایران halvani39@gmail.com سارا جام بر سنگ Sara Jambarsang دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد ایران s.jambarsang@gmail.com Covid-19 Risk Hospital Nurse کووید-19 ریسک بیمارستان پرستار 1. Gasmi A, Noor S, Tippairote T, Dadar M, Menzel A, Bjørklund G. Individual risk management strategy and potential therapeutic options for the COVID-19 pandemic. Clinical immunology. 2020;215:108409.##2. Dhama K, Sharun K, Tiwari R, Dadar M, Malik YS, Singh KP, et al. COVID-19, an emerging coronavirus infection: advances and prospects in designing and developing vaccines, immunotherapeutics, and therapeutics. Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics. 2020;16(6):1232-8.##3. Li Y, Leung M, Tang J, Yang X, Chao CYH, Lin JZ, et al. Role of ventilation in airborne transmission of infectious agents in the built environment–a multidisciplinary systematic review. Indoor air. 2007;17(1):2-18.##4. Chan JF-W, Yuan S, Kok K-H, To KK-W, Chu H, Yang J, et al. A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster. The lancet. 2020;395(10223):514-23.##5. Odor PM, Neun M, Bampoe S, Clark S, Heaton D, Hoogenboom EM, et al. Anaesthesia and COVID-19 infection control. British Journal of Anaesthesia. 2020; 125(1):16-24.##6. Chavez S, Long B, Koyfman A, Liang SY. Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): A primer for emergency physicians. The American journal of emergency medicine. 2021:44:220-229. ##7. Belingheri M, Paladino ME, Riva MA. COVID-19: Health prevention and control in non-healthcare settings. Oxford University Press UK. 2020;20;70(2):82-83.##8. Bahl P, Doolan C, de Silva C, Chughtai AA, Bourouiba L, MacIntyre CR. Airborne or droplet precautions for health workers treating COVID-19? The Journal of infectious diseases. 2020.##9. Portarapillo M, Di Benedetto A. Methodology for risk assessment of COVID-19 pandemic propagation. Journal of loss prevention in the process industries. 2021;72:104584.##10. Belingheri M, Paladino ME, Riva MA. COVID-19: Health prevention and control in non-healthcare settings. Oxford University Press UK; 2020; 82-3.##11. Organization WH. Health workers exposure risk assessment and management in the context of COVID-19 virus: interim guidance, 4 March 2020. World Health Organization; 2020.##12. Zhang W-r, Wang K, Yin L, Zhao W-f, Xue Q, Peng M, et al. Mental health and psychosocial problems of medical health workers during the COVID-19 epidemic in China. Psychotherapy and psychosomatics. 2020;89(4):242-50.##13. World Health O. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): situation report, 82. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020 2020-04-11.##14. Organization WH. Risk assessment and management of exposure of health care workers in the context of COVID-19: interim guidance, 19 March 2020. World Health Organization; 2020.##15. Fernandez-Gutierrez B, Leon L, Madrid A, Rodriguez-Rodriguez L, Freites D, Font J, et al. Hospital admissions in inflammatory rheumatic diseases during the peak of COVID-19 pandemic: incidence and role of disease-modifying agents. Therapeutic Advances in Musculoskeletal Disease. 2021;13:1759720X20962692.##16. Takala J, Iavicoli S, Kang S-K, Nogueira C, Gagliardi D, Kocks D, et al. Work-related injuries and diseases, and COVID-19. International Journal of Labour Research, ILO. 2021;10(1e2):27e47.##17. Yusuf T, Sanusi O, Adeyemi H. A Model for Determining the Safety Level of Occupational Work Using Accidents and Injuries Measurement Parameters: A Review. Journal of Engineering Studies and Research. 2016;22(3):71-6.##18. Sommestad T, Karlzén H, Nilsson P, Hallberg J. An empirical test of the perceived relationship between risk and the constituents severity and probability. Information & Computer Security. 2016;24(2):194-204.##19. Sabetian G, Moghadami M, Hashemizadeh Fard Haghighi L, Shahriarirad R, Fallahi MJ, Asmarian N, et al. COVID-19 infection among healthcare workers: a cross-sectional study in southwest Iran. Virology journal. 2021;18:1-8 [persian].##20. Nguyen LH, Drew DA, Graham MS, Joshi AD, Guo C-G, Ma W, et al. Risk of COVID-19 among front-line health-care workers and the general community: a prospective cohort study. The Lancet Public Health. 2020;5(9):e475-e83.##21. Arnout BA, Al-Dabbagh ZS, Al Eid NA, Al Eid MA, Al-Musaibeh SS, Al-Miqtiq MN, et al. The effects of corona virus (COVID-19) outbreak on the individuals’ mental health and on the decision makers: A comparative epidemiological study. Health Sciences. 2020;9(3):26-47.##22. Fernandez R, Lord H, Halcomb E, Moxham L, Middleton R, Alananzeh I, et al. Implications for COVID-19: A systematic review of nurses’ experiences of working in acute care hospital settings during a respiratory pandemic. International journal of nursing studies. 2020;111:103637.##23. Peñacoba C, Catala P, Velasco L, Carmona‐Monge FJ, Garcia‐Hedrera FJ, Gil‐Almagro F. Stress and quality of life of intensive care nurses during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Self‐efficacy and resilience as resources. Nursing in Critical Care. 2021;26(6):493-500.##24. Mhango M, Dzobo M, Chitungo I, Dzinamarira T. COVID-19 risk factors among health workers: a rapid review. Safety and health at work. 2020;11(3):262-5.##25. Vargese SS, Dev SS, Soman S, Kurian N, Mathew E. Exposure risk and COVID-19 infection among frontline health-care workers: A single tertiary care centre experience. Clinical epidemiology and global health. 2022;13:100933.##26. Alkurt G, Murt A, Aydin Z, Tatli O, Agaoglu NB, Irvem A, et al. Seroprevalence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among health care workers from three pandemic hospitals of Turkey. PloS one. 2021;16(3):e0247865.##27. Leiss JK. Safety climate and use of personal protective equipment and safety medical devices among home care and hospice nurses. Industrial health. 2014;52(6):492-7.##28. Organization WH. Protocol for assessment of potential risk factors for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among health workers in a health care setting, 23 March 2020. World Health Organization; 2020.##29. Nguyen LH, Drew DA, Graham MS, Joshi AD, Guo C-G, Ma W, et al. Risk of COVID-19 among front-line health-care workers and the general community: a prospective cohort study. The Lancet Public Health. 2020.##30. Mohammadfam I, Mahdinia M, Salimi V, Koupal R, Soltanzadeh A. Assessing the Risk of COVID-19 in Workplace Environments using Rapid Risk Analysis. Journal Mil Med. 2020;22(6):607-15 [persian].##31. Kang L, Li Y, Hu S, Chen M, Yang C, Yang BX, et al. The mental health of medical workers in Wuhan, China dealing with the 2019 novel coronavirus. The Lancet Psychiatry. 2020;7(3):e14.##32. Kim KW, Park SJ, Lim HS, Cho HH. Safety climate and occupational stress according to occupational accidents experience and employment type in shipbuilding industry of korea. Safety and health at work. 2017;8(3):290-5.## ##

رابطه حمایت سازمانی ادراک شده با بهزیستی روانشناختی کارمندان شهرداری: نقش میانجی ملال شغلی Relationship between perceived organizational support and psychological well-being of municipal employees: the mediating role of job boredom 1 1 مقدمه: عملکرد شهرداری و کارمندان آن به عنوان مهمترین نهاد در ساختار مدیریت شهری، نقشی مهم در کیفیت زندگی و مشارکت شهروندان دارد؛ بنابراین هدف پژوهش حاضر نقش میانجی ملال شغلی در رابطه حمایت سازمانی ادراک شده با بهزیستی روانشناختی کارمندان شهرداری بود. روش بررسی: روش پژوهش توصیفی همبستگی از نوع مدل­یابی­ معادلات ساختاری بود. جامعه آماری پژوهش شامل تمامی کارمندان شهرداری تهران به تعداد 500 نفر  در سال 1401 بودند که بر اساس جدول کرجسی و مورگان تعداد 220 نفر (92 نفر زن و 128 نفر مرد) از طریق روش نمونه­گیری در دسترس انتخاب شدند. ابزار مورد استفاده در پژوهش شامل مقیاس ملال شغلی (ریجسیگر و همکاران، 2012)، حمایت سازمانی ادراک شده (آیزنبرگ و همکاران، 1986) و بهزیستی روانشناختی (ریف، 1989) بود. تحلیل داده‌ها با استفاده از روش همبستگی پیرسون، مدلسازی ساختاری و الگوریتم حداقل مربعات جزئی (Smart PLS3) و نرم‌افزار (SPSS16) انجام شد. نتایج: نتایج حاکی از برازش مدل کلی پژوهش با داده‌های تجربی بود. یافته‌ها نشان داد که ملال شغلی و حمایت سازمانی ادراک شده به صورت مستقیم قادر به پیش‌بینی بهزیستی روانشناختی هستند (001/0p<). همچنین اثر غیرمستقیم حمایت سازمانی ادراک شده با میانجیگری ملال شغلی بر بهزیستی روانشناختی معنادار بود (001/0p<). نتیجه‌گیری: بر اساس یافته‌های پژوهش می‌توان گفت که ملال شغلی و حمایت سازمانی ادراک شده نقش کلیدی در پیش‌بینی بهزیستی روانشناختی دارند و توجه بیشتر مراکز مشاوره و روان درمانی به این متغیرها در پیش‌بینی بهزیستی روانشناختی کارمندان ضروری به نظر می‌رسد. 2 Introduction: The effectiveness of the municipality and its employees, as the key entity in the urban management framework, significantly influences the quality of life and citizen engagement; consequantly, this study aimed to explore the mediating effect of job boredom on the relationship between perceived organizational support and the psychological well-being of municipal employees. Materials and Methods: The approach of descriptive research involved correlational modeling using structural equations. The statistical population comprised all 500 employees of Tehran Municipality in 2022, according to Karjesi and Morgan’s table, 220 individuals (92 women and 128 men) were chosen using convenience sampling. The instruments utilized in the research included job boredom scale (Rijsiger et al., 2012), perceived organizational support (Eisenberg et al., 1986) and psychological well-being (Reif, 1989). Data analysis utilized the Pearson correlation method, structural modeling and partial least squares algorithm (Smart PLS3) along with the software SPSS16. Results: The results indicated that the overall research model aligned well with the experimental data. The findings showed that job boredom and perceived organizational support can directly predict psychological well-being (p<0.001). Additionally,, the indirect influence of perceived organizational support through job boredom on psychological well-being was significant (p<0.001). Conclusion: The research findings indicate that job boredom and perceived organizational support are crutial factors in predicting psychological well-being, and counseling and psychotherapy centers should focus more on these variables whenassessing the psychological well-being of employees. 39 49 2024/09/12023/09/302024/08/132023/10/6 1402/7/14 2024/12/302024/12/302024/10/272023/12/31 1402/10/10 زینب مرادی Zeynab Moradi دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، سنندج، ایران ایران zeinabmoradi1362@gmail.com حمیدرضا جمیلیان Hamid Reza Jamilian دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اراک، اراک، ایران. ایران mjamilian@yahoo.com مصطفی نوکنی Mostafa Nokani دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اراک، اراک، ایران. ایران hajinokani@yahoo.com Job boredom perceived organizational support psychological well-being municipal employees ملال شغلی حمایت سازمانی ادراک شده بهزیستی روانشناختی کارمندان شهرداری 1. Shepherd D, Mcmullen JS, Ocasio W. Is that an opportunity? An attention model of top managers’ opportunity beliefs for strategic action. Strategic Management Journal. 2016; 38(3): 626 -644.##2. Graham C, von Keyserlingk MA & Franks B. Zebrafish welfare: Natural history, social motivation and behaviour. Applied animal behaviour science. 2018; 200:13 -22.##3. Tang YY, Tang R, Gross JJ. Promoting psychological well –being through an evidence based mindfulness training program. Frontiers in human neuroscience 2019; 13:237.##4. Joshanloo M. Investigating the relationships between subjective well–being and psychological well –being over two decades. Emotion 2019;19(1): 183 -195.##5. Li WH, Chung JOK, Ho KY, Kwok BMC. Play interventions to reduce anxiety and negative emotions in hospitalized children. BMC pediatrics 2016; 16(1): 36 -48.##6. Sepahvand T, majidi kerahroodi M, Moosavipour S, Sepahvand F. Predicting the psychological well-being of employees based on perceived organizational support, workplace spirituality and self-efficacy. Positive Psychology Research. 2018; 4(1): 35-48 [Persian]. ##7. Zahoor N, Donbesuur F, Christofi M, Miri D. Technological innovation and employee psychological well-being: The moderating role of employee learning orientation and perceived organizational support. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 2022; 179:121610.##8. Kalantzis E. Perceived Organizational Support and Employee Well-Being During Crisis: A Study of the COVID-19 Pandemic. 2023.(Doctoral dissertation, Carleton University). ##9. Ahang F, Ghaffari H, Shayani M. The relationship between perceived organizational support and employee creativity with respect to the mediating role of resilience in General Office of Agricultural Jahad of South Khorasan Province. Rooyesh 2020; 9 (5): 71-82 [Persian]. ##10. Vandenberghe C, Panaccio A. Perceived sacrifice and few alternatives commitments: The motivational underpinnings of continuance commitment’s subdimensions. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 2012; 81(1): 59-72.##11. Anwar A, Kee DMH, SalmanA, Jabeen G. Impact of COVID-19 social media news on employee behavior: the mediating role of psychological well-being and depression. Asian Education and Development Studies 2022; 11(1): 196-211.##12. Brosowsky NP, Barr N, Mugon J, Scholer AA, Seli P, Danckert J. Creativity, boredom proneness and well-being in the pandemic. Behavioral Sciences 2022; 12(3): 68.##13. Misra R, Jain V, Srivastava S, Tewary T. Rejuvenating psychological well-being through work staycation: a COR perspective. Tourism Recreation Research, 2022; 1-13.##14. Rahimi H, Kzaemzadeh R. Investigating the relationship between work engagement and psychological well-being and job burnout: A case study of teachers in Ardabil. Journal of school psychology, 2019; 7(4): 69-80 [Persian]. ##15. Toscanelli C, Udayar S, Urbanaviciute I, Massoudi K. The role of individual characteristics and working conditions in understanding boredom at work. Personnel Review, 2022; 51(2): 480-500.##16. Noury L, Ahuja S, Parker M, Sturdy A, Tyler M. In praise of boredom at work. Organization 2022; 29(5): 791-805.##17. Watt P, Weibull F. Boredom at work: The contribution of Ernst Jünger. Organization 2022; 29(5): 874-896.##18. Gibbs P. The Concept of Profound Boredom: Learning from Moments of Vision. Stud Philosophy Educ 2011; 30(6): 601-13.##19. Watt JD, Hargis MB. Boredom proneness: Its relationship with subjective underemployment, perceived organizational support, and job performance. Journal of business and psychology 2010; 25:163-174.##20. Krejcie RV, Morgan DW. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and psychological measurement, 1970; 30(3): 607-610.##21. Reijseger G, Schaufeli WB, Peeters MC, Taris TW, van Beek I, Ouweneel E. Watching the paint dry at work: Psychometric examination of the Dutch Boredom Scale. Anxiety Stress Cop. 2013;26(5): 508-525.##22. Rimaz S, Mohammadi I, Abolghasemi J, Gholami A, Taheri F, Moradi Y. Psychometric properties of a Farsi version of the Dutch Boredom Scale Questionnaire (DUBS) in Iranian University of Medical Sciences employees. Ioh 2020; 17 (1): 11-24 [Persian]. ##23. Eisenberger R, Huntington R, Hutchison S, Sowa D. Perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology 1986; 71(3): 500-507.##24. Arshadi N, Hayavi G. The Effect of Perceived Organizational Support on Affective Commitment and Job Performance: Mediating role of OBSE. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences 2013; 84:739-743 [Persian]. ##25. Ryff CD, Keyes CL. The structure of psychological well-being revisited. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1995; 69(4): 716-727.##26. Mekaeeli manea F. Investigating the Factor Structure of the Reef Psychological Well-being Scale among Students of Urmia University. Journal of Tabriz University Psychology Research. 2010; 5 (18): 166-145.##27. Lo Presti A, Törnroos K, Pluviano S. Because I am worth it and employable”: A cross-cultural study on self-esteem and employability orientation as personal resources for psychological well-being at work. Current Psychology 2022; 39:1785-1797.##28. Greenier V, Derakhshan A, Fathi J. Emotion regulation and psychological well-being in teacher work engagement: a case of British and Iranian English language teachers. System 2021; 97:102446.##29. Harasymchuk C, Fehr B. A Script Analysis of Relational Boredom: Causes, Feelings, and Coping Strategies. J Soc Clin Psychol. 2010;29(9): 988-1019.##30. Gurel N. Effects of thinking styles and genderon psychological well-being [dissertation]. Diunduh pada 2009; 12:1-70.##31. Mishra H, Venkatesan M. Psychological Well-being of Employees, its Precedents and Outcomes: A Literature Review and Proposed Framework. Management and Labour Studies, 2023; 48(1): 7-41.##32. Alrawadieh Z, Demirdelen Alrawadieh D, Olya HG, Erkol Bayram G, Kahraman OC. Sexual harassment, psychological well-being, and job satisfaction of female tour guides: The effects of social and organizational support. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 2022; 30(7): 1639-1657.##33. Makanjee CR, Hartzer YF, Uys IL. The effect of perceived organizational support on organizational commitment of diagnostic imaging radiographers. Radiography 2006; 12(2): 118-126.##34. Shomali Ahmadabadi M, Barkhordari Ahmadabadi A. The role of job stress, burnout and perceived organizational support in predicting the intention to leave the job in nurses of Ardakan hospitals during the Covid-19 pandemic period in 2021. Zanko J Med Sci 2022; 23 (76): 1-12 [Persian]. ##35. Wang Z, Xu H. When and for whom ethical leadership is more effective in eliciting work meaningfulness and positive attitudes: The moderating roles of core self-evaluation and perceived organizational support. Journal of Business Ethics, 2019; 156:919-940.##36. Rhoades L. Eisenberger R. Perceived organizational support: A review of the literature. Journal of Applied Psychology, 2002; 87(4): 698-714.##37. Mohammadi A, Abdollahi MH, Noury R, Hashemi Razini H, Shahgholian M. Predicting Psychological Well-being of the Elderly Based on Cognitive Impairment and Negative Emotions Mediated by Coping Self-efficacy and Social Support. Salmand: Iranian Journal of Ageing 2023; 17 (4): 536-555 [Persian]. ##38. Saket MH, Davari R, Pasha Sharifi H. Investigating the structural relationships between psychological capital and psychological well-being with the mediation of perceived social support and students’ differentiation. Quarterly Journal of Excellence in Counseling and Psychotherapy 2022; 12(45): 14-30 [Persian]. ##39. Amirkafi M, Hashemi Nasab FS. The effect of organizational justice, perceived organizational support and organizational trust on organizational commitment. Iran’s social issues. 2013; 4 (1): 62-33 [Persian].## ##

بررسی ارتباط کمردرد و استرس شغلی بر شاخص توانایی انجام کار در کادر درمان یکی از بیمارستان های آموزشی شهر تهران Assessing the relationship between low back pain and job stress on the work ability index among healthcare workers in an educational hospital in Tehran 1 1 مقدمه: با توجه به این که استرس شغلی در میان کارکنان بهداشت و درمان می‌تواند به طور منفی بر توانایی کاری آنها تأثیر بگذارد، ظرفیت کاری آنها را کاهش دهد و منجر به نارضایتی شغلی، فرسودگی شغلی و نتایج ضعیف جسمی و روانی شود، مطالعه حاضر برای ارزیابی تأثیر درد کمر و سطح استرس بر شاخص توانایی کاری در میان کارکنان بهداشت و درمان در یکی از بیمارستان‌های سطح سوم ایران طراحی شد. روش بررسی: مطالعه مقطعی حاضر بر روی کارکنان بهداشت و درمان یکی از بیمارستانهای شهر تهران در سال 1401 انجام شد. شیوع اختلالات اسکلتی-عضلانی در میان شرکت‌کنندگان مطالعه توسط پرسشنامه اسکلتی-عضلانی نوردیک ارزیابی شد. علاوه بر این، توانایی کاری و سطح استرس شغلی شرکت‌کنندگان به ترتیب توسط شاخص توانایی کاری (WAI) و پرسشنامه استرس HSE ارزیابی شد. نتایج: سطح پایین استرس شغلی در میان کارکنان بهداشت و درمان ارتباط معنی‌داری با تعداد ساعات کاری در روز(P=0.02)  و در هفته(P=0.004)  داشت. علاوه بر این، کارکنان بهداشت و درمانی که در یک هفته گذشته درد کمر نداشتند، توانایی کار کردن ساعات بیشتری در روز نسبت به دیگران داشتند(P-value=0.01) . همچنین در مدل رگرسیون خطی، رابطه بین شاخص توانایی کاری (WAI)  و استرس شغلی و عنوان شغلی همچنان معنی‌دار باقی ماند (P<0.05). نتیجه‌گیری: پرداختن به استرس شغلی و ارتقاء رفاه کارکنان برای بهبود بهره‌وری کاری و سلامت کلی ضروری است. اجرای مداخلات هدفمند و انجام تحقیقات بیشتر می‌تواند به طور موثری در دستیابی به این اهداف کمک کند. 2 Introduction: Considering that stress in the workplace for healthcare workers employees can adversely affect their work ability, diminish productivity, and lead to job dissatisfaction, burnout, as well as negative physical and mental outcomes, the present study was designed to assess the effect of low back pain and stress levels on the work ability index among healthcare workers in a tertiary hospital in Iran. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on healthcare professionals in one of the hospitals in Tehran City in 2022. The prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among study participants was evaluated using the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ). Additionally, the Work Ability Index (WAI) was employed to evaluate the participants' work ability, while the HSE Stress Questionnaire was used to measure their job stress levels. Results: A lower level of job stress among healthcare professionals was significantly associated with daily (P=0.02) and weekly (P=0.004) working hours. Moreover, healthcare professionals who did not experience low back pain in the past week were able to work more hours per day compared to others (P=0.01). In the linear regression model, the relationship between the Work Ability Index (WAI), job stress, and job position remained statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Tackling job-related stress and enhancing employee well-being is essential to improve work productivity and overall health. Implementing specific interventions and conducting further research could effectively contribute to achieving these goals.   50 58 2024/09/12023/09/302024/08/132023/10/62024/08/26 1403/6/5 2024/12/302024/12/302024/10/272023/12/312024/12/26 1403/10/6 لیلا خدمتی همپا Leila Khedmati Hampa دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران ایران leyla.hampa2019@gmail.com ماشااله عقیلی نژاد Mashallah Aghilinejad دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران ایران dr.maghilinejad@yahoo.com زهرا آرتین Zahra Artin دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران ایران zahra.artin@gmail.com امیر بهرامی احمدی Amir Bahrami Ahmadi دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران ایران bahramia@gmail.com نگین کثیری Negin Kassiri دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران ایران neginkassiri@gmail.com Low back pain Musculoskeletal complaints Job stress Work ability index کمردرد شکایات اسکلتی-عضلانی استرس شغلی شاخص توانایی کاری 1.Parno A, Sayehmiri K, Amjad RN, Ivanbagha R, Ahagh MH, Foladi SH, et al. Meta-analysis study of work-related musculoskeletal disorders in Iran. Archives of Rehabilitation. 2020;21(2):182-205.##2.Askari M, Rezaei F, Sharafi H. Evaluation of low back pain and risk factors in Bandarabbas Shahid Mohammadi’s operating room staffs. Zanko Journal of Medical Sciences. 2017;18(58):52-60.##3.Oberlinner C, Yong M, Nasterlack M, Pluto R-P, Lang S. Combined effect of back pain and stress on work ability. Occupational Medicine. 2015;65(2):147-53.##4.Jay K, Friborg MK, Sjøgaard G, Jakobsen MD, Sundstrup E, Brandt M, et al. The consequence of combined pain and stress on work ability in female laboratory technicians: a cross-sectional study. International journal of environmental research and public health. 2015;12(12):15834-42.##5.Nair RS, Aithala P. Prevalence and risk factors associated with low back pain among nurses in a tertiary care hospital in south India. Int J Orthop. 2020;6:301-6.##6.Baberi F, Jahandideh Z, Akbari M, Shakerian M, Choobineh A. Relationship between personality types and musculoskeletal disorders among office staff. La Medicina del Lavoro. 2019;110(4):293.##7.Choi S, Nah S, Jang H-D, Moon JE, Han S. Association between chronic low back pain and degree of stress: a nationwide cross-sectional study. Scientific Reports. 2021;11(1):14549.##8.Ribeiro T, Serranheira F, Loureiro H. Work related musculoskeletal disorders in primary health care nurses. Applied nursing research. 2017;33:72-7.##9.Monteiro MS, Alexandre NMC. Work ability and low back pain among workers from a public health institution. Revista Gaúcha de Enfermagem. 2009;30(2):297-.##10.Neupane S, Virtanen P, Leino‐Arjas P, Miranda H, Siukola A, Nygård CH. Multi‐site pain and working conditions as predictors of work ability in a 4‐year follow‐up among food industry employees. European journal of pain. 2013;17(3):444-51.##11.Tuomi K. Work ability index. Finnish Institute of Occupational Health. 1998.##12.Yousefi B, Ahmadi B, Hassani Z. The Validity and Reliability of the Persian Version Work Ability Index and Its Relationship with Physical Fitness Indicators Among Employees in Kermanshah. Sport Management Studies. 2017;9(41):171-90.##13.Kuorinka I, Jonsson B, Kilbom A, Vinterberg H, Biering-Sørensen F, Andersson G, et al. Standardised Nordic questionnaires for the analysis of musculoskeletal symptoms. Applied ergonomics. 1987;18(3):233-7.##14.Namnik N, Negahban H, Salehi R, Shafizadeh R, Tabib MS. Validity and reliability of Persian version of the Specific Nordic questionnaire in Iranian industrial workers. Work. 2016;54(1):35-41.##15.Cousins* R, Mackay CJ, Clarke SD, Kelly C, Kelly PJ, McCaig RH. ‘Management standards’ work-related stress in the UK: Practical development. Work & Stress. 2004;18(2):113-36.##16.Akbari H, Satkin M, GANJI M, Akbari H, GHOLAMI FM. Standardization and study of psychological properties of the HSE Stress Questionnaire. 2017.##17.Fauser D, Zeuner A-K, Zimmer J-M, Golla A, Schmitt N, Mau W, et al. Work ability score as predictor of rehabilitation, disability pensions and death? A German cohort study among employees with back pain. Work. 2022;73(2):719-28.##18.Boumans J, Scheffelaar A, Van Druten VP, Hendriksen TH, Nahar-van Venrooij LM, Rozema AD. Coping strategies used by older adults to deal with contact isolation in the hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021;18(14):7317.##19.Martínez-Vispo C, López-Durán A, Senra C, Rodríguez-Cano R, Del Río EF, Becoña E. Behavioral activation and smoking cessation outcomes: The role of depressive symptoms. Addictive Behaviors. 2020;102:106183.##20.Anap D, Iyer C, Rao K. Work related musculoskeletal disorders among hospital nurses in rural Maharashtra, India: a multi centre survey. Int J Res Med Sci. 2013;1(2):101-7.##21.Hajizadeh F, Motamedzade M, Golmohammadi R, Soltanian A. Work ability assessment and its relationship with severity of musculoskeletal disorders among workers in a cement plant. Journal of Occupational Hygiene Engineering. 2015;2(2):15-22.##22.Sampaio RF, Coelho CM, Barbosa FB, Mancini MC, Parreira VF. Work ability and stress in a bus transportation company in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva. 2009;14:287-96.## ##

بررسی حوادث و جراحات ناشی از کار در بین کشاورزان شهرضای استان اصفهان در سال ۱۴۰۱ Evaluation of accidents and work-related injuries among farmers of Shahreza in Isfahan province in 2022 1 1 مقدمه: صنعت کشاورزی با جراحت‌های جدی ناشی از کار در ارتباط است. اهداف این مطالعه تعیین نوع، علت، تعداد حوادث و همچنین عضو آسیب‌دیده و ارزیابی ارتباط بین نوع حادثه با مشخصات دموگرافیک و عضو آسیب‌دیده در بین کارگران کشاورزی بود. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه توصیفی- مقطعی، جراحات ثبت‌شده در پرونده 98 کشاورز حادثه‌دیده در شهرستان شهرضای استان اصفهان در سال 1401 مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. نتایج: نتایج مطالعه نشان داد بیشترین حادثه از نوع سقوط (20/59 درصد)، بیشترین جراحت آسیب دست و بازو (70 درصد) و دلیل اصلی حوادث ماشین‌آلات کشاورزی (90/45 درصد) و بخصوص تراکتور(80/57 درصد) بوده است. سطح سواد و سن به‌طور معنی‌داری با نوع حادثه در بین کشاورزان مرتبط بودند به‌طوری‌که بیشترین حادثه سقوط در افراد زیر دیپلم (50/61 درصد) و گروه سنی 65-51 سال (60/52 درصد) مشاهده شد. بین نوع حادثه و نوع جراحت نیز ارتباط معنی‌داری آماری وجود داشت، به‌طوری‌که حادثه سقوط منجر به70/65 درصد جراحت دست و بازو، 50 درصد جراحت گردن و 60/65 درصد جراحت پا شد. همچنین بیشترین فراوانی حوادث و میانگین مؤثر سه‌ماهه به ترتیب در تیرماه و مردادماه مشاهده شد. نتیجه‌گیری: افزایش موارد واژگونی و افتادن از ماشین‌آلات بخصوص تراکتور نشان می‌دهد که باید ویژگی‌های طراحی و استفاده از کمربندهای ایمنی موردبررسی قرار گیرند و با توجه به اینکه بیشترین جراحات دست و بازو و در افراد میان‌سال زیر دیپلم مشاهده شد، برگزاری دوره‌های آموزشی برای کاهش جراحات کشاورزی در این افراد ضروری به نظر می‌رسد. 2 Introduction: Agriculture industry is associated with the serious work-related injuries. The aims of this study were to determine type, cause, and frequency of accidents as well as injured body part, and to evaluate the association between accident type, , demographic information, and injured body part among the agricultural workers. Materials and Methods In this descriptive cross-sectional study, the injuries noted in the medical records of 98 injured farmers in Shahreza, located in Isfahan Province, in 2022 were analyzed.. Results: The results of the study indicated that the highest number of accidents were fallen (59.20 %), the most injuries were to hands and arm (70 %), and the main cause of injuries were machinery (45.90 %), especially tractors (57.80 %). Age and education level showed a notable correlation with the type of accidents among the farmers. The greatest declines were noted among with less than a high school diploma (61.50%) and in age group of 51-65 years old (52.60%). There was a statistically significant association between accident type and injury, with the fall accident resulted in 65.70% hand and arm injuries, 50% neck injuries and 65.60% leg injuries. Additionally, the highest occurrence of accidents and effective three-month average were observed in July and August, respectively. Conclusion: The rising incidence of vehicle overturns and falls suggests that the design features and use of safety belts should be evaluated. Concerning the majority of hand and arm injuries noted during falls, particularly in middle-aged adults without a high school diploma, it is recommended that workers received training on farm safety to reduce the agricultural injuries.   59 67 2024/09/12023/09/302024/08/132023/10/62024/08/262024/10/18 1403/7/27 2024/12/302024/12/302024/10/272023/12/312024/12/262024/12/26 1403/10/6 فاطمه کارگر شورکی Fatemeh Kargar-Shouroki دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد ایران kargar142@gmail.com صدف سودایی Sadaf Sodaei دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد ایران kargar_st@yahoo.com غلامحسین حلوانی Gholam Hossein Halvani دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد ایران halvani39@gmail.com Fall Tractor Work-related farm injury Farmers Accident سقوط تراکتور جراحت کشاورزی ناشی از کار کشاورزان حادثه 1. Moradhaseli S, Farhadian H, Abbasi E, Ghofranipour F. Factors affecting the incidence of occupational accidents among farmers. Health Education and Health Promotion. 2017;5(1):39-56.##2. Robert K, Elisabeth Q, Josef B. Analysis of occupational accidents with agricultural machinery in the period 2008–2010 in Austria. Safety Science. 2015;72:319-28.##3. DeWit Y, Pickett W, Lawson J, Dosman J, Team ftSFIC. Farm activities and agricultural injuries in youth and young adult workers. Journal of agromedicine. 2015; 20(3):318-26.##4. Brison R, Pickett W. Canadian Agricultural Injury Surveillance Program Agricultural Injuries for 1999-2000. Queen's University Kingston. 2003.##5. Purschwitz MA. Personal protective equipment and safety engineering of machinery. Agricultural Medicine: A Practical Guide. 2006:53-69.##6. Locker AR, Dorland JL, Hartling L, Pickett W. Economic burden of agricultural machinery injuries in Ontario, 1985 to 1996. The Journal of Rural Health. 2003;19(3):285-91.##7. Narasimhan GR, Peng Y, Crowe TG, Hagel L, Dosman J, Pickett W. Operational safety practices as determinants of machinery-related injury on Saskatchewan farms. Accident Analysis & Prevention. 2010;42(4):1226-31.##8. Baker W, Day L, Stephan K, Voaklander D, Ozanne-Smith J, Dosman J, et al. Making farm machinery safer: Lessons learned from injured farmers. Barton, ACT, Australia: Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation. 2008.##9. Halvani GH, Zare M, Systems safety engineering and risk management. 5nd ed. IR: Sobhan, 346-50 [persian].##10. Xiang H, Wang Z, Stallones L, Keefe TJ, Huang X, Fu X. Agricultural work-related injuries among farmers in Hubei, People's Republic of China. American Journal of Public Health. 2000;90(8):1269.##11. Little D, Vermillion J, Dikis E, Little R, Custer M, Cooney D. Life on the farm—children at risk. Journal of pediatric surgery. 2003;38(5):804-7.##12. Day L, Voaklander D, Sim M, Wolfe R, Langley J, Dosman J, et al. Risk factors for work related injury among male farmers. Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 2009;66(5):312-8.##13. Baksh KS, Ganpat WG, Narine LK. Occupational health and safety issues among vegetable farmers in trinidad and the implications for extension. Journal of agricultural safety and health. 2015;21(3):159-71.##14. Berney MJ, Horstmann E, Cassidy N. Traumatic spinal injuries on farms: Patients treated in the national spinal unit of Ireland 2005–2015. Journal of orthopaedics. 2017;14(1):211-5.##15. McCurdy SA, Carroll DJ. Agricultural injury. American journal of industrial medicine. 2000;38(4):463-80.##16. Das B. Agricultural work related injuries among the farmers of West Bengal, India. International journal of injury control and safety promotion. 2014;21(3):205-15.##17. Lyman S, McGwin Jr G, Enochs R, Roseman JM. History of agricultural injury among farmers in Alabama and Mississippi: Prevalence, characteristics, and associated factors. American Journal of Industrial Medicine. 1999;35(5):499-510.##18. Ciez J. accident risk in polish farmer work environment Journal of agricultural Machinary Science. 2008 4(1):93-8.##19. Mucci N, Traversini V, Lulli LG, Baldassarre A, Galea RP, Arcangeli G. Upper limb’s injuries in agriculture: a systematic review. International journal of environmental research and public health. 2020;17(12):4501.##20. Carlson KF, Gerberich SG, Church TR, Ryan AD, Alexander BH, Mongin SJ, et al. Tractor‐related injuries: A population‐based study of a five‐state region in the Midwest. American journal of industrial medicine. 2005;47(3):254-64.##21. Davies H, Koehlmoos TP, Courtice MN, Ahmad SA. Occupational injury in rural Bangladesh: Data gathering using household survey. International journal of occupational and environmental health. 2011;17(3):214-22.##22. Lee SJ, Kim I, Ryou H, Lee KS, Kwon YJ. Work‐related injuries and fatalities among farmers in South Korea. American journal of industrial medicine. 2012;55(1):76-83.##23. Jadhav R, Achutan C, Haynatzki G, Rajaram S, Rautiainen R. Review and meta-analysis of emerging risk factors for agricultural injury. Journal of agromedicine. 2016;21(3):284-97.##24. Yaffe MA, Kaplan FT. Agricultural injuries to the hand and upper extremity. JAAOS-Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. 2014;22(10):605-13.##25. Bhattarai D, Singh SB, Baral D, Sah RB, Budhathoki SS, Pokharel PK. Work-related injuries among farmers: a cross-sectional study from rural Nepal. Journal of occupational medicine and toxicology. 2016;11:1-7.##26. Angoules AG, Lindner T, Vrentzos G, Papakostidis C, Giannoudis PV. Prevalence and current concepts of management of farmyard injuries. Injury. 2007;38(5):S26-S33.##27. Reiner AM, Gerberich SG, Ryan AD, Mandel J. Large machinery-related agricultural injuries across a five-state region in the Midwest. Journal of occupational and environmental medicine. 2016;58(2):154-61.##28. Dembe AE, Erickson JB, Delbos RG, Banks SM. The impact of overtime and long work hours on occupational injuries and illnesses: new evidence from the United States. Occupational and environmental medicine. 2005;62(9):588-97.##29. Moyce S, Joseph J, Tancredi D, Mitchell D, Schenker M. Cumulative incidence of acute kidney injury in California's agricultural workers. Journal of occupational and environmental medicine. 2016;58(4):391-7.## ##

ارزیابی و مدیریت ریسک های ‌ شغلی در پروژه‌های صنعتی با استفاده از تکنیک HAZID: مطالعه موردی جرثقیل بوم خشک زنجیری در پروژه پلنت اکسیژن فولاد آلیاژی یزد Assessment and management of occupational risks in industrial projects using the HAZID technique: a case study of chain dry boom crane in Yazd alloy steel oxygen plant project 1 1 مقدمه: توجه به نقش کلیدی جرثقیل بوم خشک زنجیری در پروژه‌های سنگین صنعتی مانند صنعت فولاد ، شناسایی و مدیریت ریسک‌های شغلی مرتبط با آن ضروری است. این مطالعه با هدف شناسایی، ارزیابی، و مدیریت خطرات شغلی مرتبط با جرثقیل بوم خشک زنجیری در پروژه پلنت اکسیژن فولاد آلیاژی یزد با استفاده از تکنیک  Hazard Identification(HAZID)و ارائه راهکارهای کنترلی برای کاهش سطح ریسک انجام شد. روش بررسی‌: این مطالعه توصیفی و با استفاده از تکنیک HAZID انجام شده است. جامعه آماری شامل 50 نفر از اپراتورها، مدیران، و کارشناسان پروژه بود که اطلاعات موردنیاز از طریق مصاحبه‌های نیمه‌ساختاریافته و کارگاه‌های HAZID گردآوری شد. خطرات شناسایی‌شده در سه دسته فنی، محیطی و انسانی طبقه‌بندی و با استفاده از تکنیک مذکور شناسایی و ارزیابی شدند. اقدامات کنترلی برای کاهش ریسک های غیرقابل قبول و نامطلوب نیز پیشنهاد و اجرا گردید. نتایج:  از میان خطرات شناسایی‌شده، 40% خطرات فنی، 30% خطرات محیطی و 30% خطرات انسانی بودند. نقص در سیستم‌های هیدرولیک، خرابی بوم و ناکارآمدی تجهیزات ایمنی از مهم‌ترین خطرات فنی بودند. در بخش خطرات محیطی، برخورد با خطوط برق فشار قوی و شرایط جوی نامساعد به‌عنوان خطرات بحرانی شناسایی شدند. در خطرات انسانی، استفاده از اپراتورهای غیرمجاز و عدم آگاهی از اصول ایمنی از عوامل کلیدی بودند. پس از اعمال اقدامات کنترلی شامل نصب سیستم‌های هشداردهنده، اجرای آموزش‌های تخصصی و نگهداری پیشگیرانه تجهیزات، ارزیابی مجدد نشان داد که ریسک‌های غیرقابل‌قبول به صفر کاهش یافته و تعداد خطرات کم‌ریسک افزایش یافته است. نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که پس از اجرای اقدامات کنترلی، سطح ریسک به‌طور قابل‌توجهی کاهش یافت. به‌کارگیری تکنیک HAZID  در پروژه‌های صنعتی مشابه می‌تواند با شناسایی دقیق خطرات و ارائه راهکارهای پیشگیرانه، ایمنی را ارتقا داده و از وقوع حوادث جلوگیری کند.   2 Introduction: Attention must be paid to the key role of chain dry boom cranes in heavy industrial projects such as the steel industry to identify and manage related occupational risks. This study aimed to identify, evaluate, and manage job risks associated with chain dry boom cranes in the Yazd Alloy Steel Oxygen Plant project using the HAZID technique and provide control strategies to reduce the risk level. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted qualitatively using the HAZID technique. The statistical population included 50 operators, managers, and project experts, and the required information was collected through semi-structured interviews and HAZID workshops. Identified risks were classified into three categories: technical, environmental, and human, and were evaluated using the risk matrix. Control measures to reduce risk were also proposed and implemented. Results: In this research, occupational hazards by dry chain cranes were classified into three main categories technical hazards (40%), environmental hazards (30%), and human hazards (30%). Failure of hydraulic systems, boom, and safety equipment were considered as technical risks dealing with high voltage power lines and inappropriate weather effects as environmental risks use of unauthorized operators, and ignorance of safety principles were regarded as human risks. Conclusion: This research showed that the level of risk decreased significantly after the implementation of control measures. Applying the HAZID technique in similar industrial projects can improve safety and prevent accidents by accurately identifying risks and providing preventive solutions. 68 77 2024/09/12023/09/302024/08/132023/10/62024/08/262024/10/182024/11/9 1403/8/19 2024/12/302024/12/302024/10/272023/12/312024/12/262024/12/262025/01/5 1403/10/16 روح الله فلاح مدواری Rohollah Fallah استادیار گروه بهداشت حرفه ای،دانشکده بهداشت،دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد،یزد،ایران ایران fallah134@gmail.com نوید زنده دل Navid Zendehdel دانشجوی HSE دانشگاه علم و هنر،جهاد دانشگاهی،یزد،ایران ایران Zendehdel.hse1361@gmail.com حمیدرضا ترکیان Hamidreza Torkian دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد بهداشت حرفه ای، دانشکده بهداشت،دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد،یزد،ایران ایران hamidrezatorkian97@gmail.com آفرین اخوان Afarin Akhavan دانشیار گروه مهندسی صنایع، مدیریت سیستم و بهره وری، دانشگاه علم و هنر ، جهاد دانشگاهی،یزد،ایران ایران akhavan@sau.ac.ir محمدرضا خواجه امینیان Mohammad Reza Khajehaminian عضو هیئت علمی (استادیار) گروه سلامت در بلایا و فوریت ها، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد ایران khajehaminian@gmail.com HAZID risk management dry chain crane occupational hazards HAZID مدیریت ریسک جرثقیل بوم خشک زنجیری خطرات شغلی 1. Shin IJ. Factors that affect safety of tower crane installation/dismantling in construction industry. Safety science. 2015;72:379-90.##2. Yede S, Kumar S, Nimbalkar M, editors. Automatic lifting system for crane safety using machine learning. 2021 IEEE India Council International Subsections Conference (INDISCON); 2021: IEEE.##3. Shapira A, Lucko G, Schexnayder CJ. Cranes for building construction projects. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management. 2007;133(9):690-700.##4. Katterfeld A, Roberts A, Wheeler C, Williams K, Wensrich C, Scholten J, et al. Conveying and construction machinery. Springer Handbook of Mechanical Engineering. 2021:829-991.##5. Bedi J, Rahman R, Din Z, editors. Heavy Machinery Operators: Necessary Competencies to Reduce Construction Accidents. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science; 2021: IOP Publishing.##6. Sadeghi S, Soltanmohammadlou N, Rahnamayiezekavat P. A systematic review of scholarly works addressing crane safety requirements. Safety Science. 2021;133:105002.##7. Smith K. Environmental hazards: assessing risk and reducing disaster: Routledge; 2013.##8. Gul M. A review of occupational health and safety risk assessment approaches based on multi-criteria decision-making methods and their fuzzy versions. Human and ecological risk assessment: an international journal. 2018;24(7):1723-60.##9. Sanni-Anibire MO, Mahmoud AS, Hassanain MA, Salami BA. A risk assessment approach for enhancing construction safety performance. Safety science. 2020;121:15-29.##10. Pasman HJ, Rogers WJ, Mannan MS. How can we improve process hazard identification? What can accident investigation methods contribute and what other recent developments? A brief historical survey and a sketch of how to advance. Journal of loss prevention in the process industries. 2018;55:80-106.##11. Husband G. Ethical data collection and recognizing the impact of semi-structured interviews on research respondents. Education Sciences. 2020;10(8):206.##12. Domínguez CR, Mares JIP, Hernández RGZ. Hazard identification and analysis in work areas within the Manufacturing Sector through the HAZID methodology. Process Safety and Environmental Protection. 2021;145:23-38.##13. Kim K, Kang H, Kim Y. Risk assessment for natural gas hydrate carriers: a hazard identification (HAZID) study. Energies. 2015;8(4):3142-64.##14. Kim S-H. A review of HAZID/bowtie methodology and its improvement. Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea. 2022;59(3):164-72.##15. Dadgar P. Risk Assessment and Analysis in Health, Safety and Environmental (HSE) Hazards of Bitumenous Waterproofing Industry Using HAZID Technique. Mapta Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (MJMIE). 2021;5(1):24-30.##16. Hao M, Nie Y. Hazard identification, risk assessment and management of industrial system: Process safety in mining industry. Safety science. 2022;154:105863.##17. Chen X, Wang Z, Zhang C, Xiang Y, Dai Y. A fire risk assessment system and application for process industry using fuzzy Petri net and HAZID method. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part O: Journal of Risk and Reliability. 2023:1748006X231195201.##18. Paolo F, Gianfranco F, Luca F, Marco M, Andrea M, Francesco M, et al. Investigating the role of the human element in maritime accidents using semi-supervised hierarchical methods. Transportation research procedia. 2021;52:252-9.##19. Cislaghi A, Morlotti E, Cucchiaro S, Morando P, Bischetti GB. Monitoring of torrent control structures: An integrated approach from first‐level inspections to maintenance strategies. Journal of Flood Risk Management. 2024:e13011.##20. Nnaji C, Karakhan AA. Technologies for safety and health management in construction: Current use, implementation benefits and limitations, and adoption barriers. Journal of Building Engineering. 2020;29:101212.##21. Adami P, Rodrigues PB, Woods PJ, Becerik-Gerber B, Soibelman L, Copur-Gencturk Y, et al. Effectiveness of VR-based training on improving construction workers’ knowledge, skills, and safety behavior in robotic teleoperation. Advanced Engineering Informatics. 2021;50:101431.##22. Lee J, Phillips I, Lynch Z. Causes and prevention of mobile crane-related accidents in South Korea. International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics. 2022;28(1):469-78.##23. Sruthy S, Xavier AS. A study on crane accidents: investigating the role of hand signals in construction site communication. Sustainability, Agri, Food and Environmental Research-DISCONTINUED. 2023.## ##

نحوه برخورد با ترومبوسیتوپنی کشف شده در معاینات سلامت شغلی: یک مطالعه مروری Management of thrombocytopenia detected in occupational health examinations: A review article 1 1 مقدمه: کشف اتفاقی ترومبوسیتوپنی یک چالش پزشکی بوده و می‌تواند اهمیت بالینی اندک و یا نشانه یک بیماری جدی سیستم خونساز باشد. ما در این مقاله به نحوه برخورد با ترومبوسیتوپنی ایزوله اتفاقی کشف شده در معاینات سلامت شغلی پرداخته‌ایم. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه جهت نحوه برخورد مناسب با ترومبوسیتوپنی کشف شده بطور اتفاقی در آزمایشات غربالگری به جستجوی پژوهش‌ها در پایگاه‌های اطلاعاتی معتبر مانند اسکوپوس، پابمد، گوگل اسکولار و غیره پرداخته‌ شده است. نتایج: بطور کلی ترومبوسیتوپنی می‌تواند ناشی از کاهش تولید پلاکت، افزایش مصرف پلاکت و یا افزایش جداسازی پلاکت از سیستم گردش خون باشد. در برخورد با ترومبوسیتوپنی اخذ شرح حال، انجام معاینه فیزیکی و مطالعات آزمایشگاهی هدفمند می تواند بیمارانی که نیاز به مداخله فوری دارند را مشخص نماید. ترومبوسیتوپنی کاذب، مصرف دارو، ترومبوسیتوپنی مادرزادی، بیماری مزمن کبدی، ترومبوسیتوپنی توزیعی، کمبود همزمان اسید فولیک و ویتامین B12، ترومبوسیتوپنیک ایمنی پورپورا، پورپورای ترومبوتیک ترومبوسیتوپنیک، عفونت‌های ویروسی و اختلالات خودایمنی سیستمیک از علل شایع ترومبوسیتوپنی محسوب می‌گردند.  ارزیابی خطر بروز خونریزی در این افراد نیز باید مدنظر قرار گیرد. بحث: ترومبوسیتوپنی کشف شده در آزمایشات غربالگری یک یافته نسبتاٌ شایع بوده و دارای طیف وسیعی از علل است. یک رویکرد سیستماتیک برای شناسایی علل زمینه‌ای آن ضروری است. آگاهی از فهرست علل شایع خوش خیم ترومبوسیتوپنی ایزوله و علائم خطر این اختلال می‌تواند به یک پزشک سلامت شغلی کمک نماید تا افراد پرخطر را مشخص و اقدامات لازم را انجام دهد. 2 Introduction: The accidental discovery of thrombocytopenia is a medical challenge and may be of little clinical importance or indicate a serious disease affecting the hematopoietic system. In this article, we have discussed how to manage incidental isolated thrombocytopenia identified during occupational health examinations. Materials and Methods: In this study, to effectively address the thrombocytopenia found accidentally in screening tests, researchers searched reliable databases such as Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and others. Results: In general, thrombocytopenia may result from a decrease in platelet production, an increase in platelet consumption, or an increase in platelet separation from the circulatory system. In dealing with thrombocytopenia, a thorough history, physical examination, and targeted laboratory tests can identify patients who need immediate intervention. Common causes of thrombocytopenia include false thrombocytopenia, drug use, congenital thrombocytopenia, chronic liver disease, distributed thrombocytopenia, concurrent deficiency of folic acid and vitamin B12, immune thrombocytopenia purpura, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, viral infections, and systemic autoimmune disorders. Additionally, assessing the risk of bleeding in these individuals should be considered. Conclusion: Thrombocytopenia discovered in screening tests is a relatively common finding and has numerous underlying causes. A systematic approach is required to identify its underlying causes. Knowing the list of common benign causes of isolated thrombocytopenia and the alarm symptoms of this disorder can help an occupational health specialist identify high-risk people and take the necessary measures.   78 89 2024/09/12023/09/302024/08/132023/10/62024/08/262024/10/182024/11/92024/04/4 1403/1/16 2024/12/302024/12/302024/10/272023/12/312024/12/262024/12/262025/01/52024/11/24 1403/9/4 فاطمه نجاتی فر Fatemeh Nejatifar دانشگاه علوم پزشکی گیلان ایران dr.f.nejatifar@gmail.com میرسعید عطارچی Mirsaeed Attarchi دانشگاه علوم پزشکی گیلان ایران msattarchi@yahoo.com محمد مهدی سهرابی Mohammad Mehdi Sohrabi متخصص طب کار در مرکز طب کارآسا ایران mehdi_soh@yahoo.com سید محمد سیدمهدی Seyed Mohammad Seyedmehdi دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید بهشتی ایران mohammadseyedmehdi@gmail.com Thrombocytopenia Screening test Occupational qualification Bleeding Blood platelets ترومبوسیتوپنی آزمایش غربالگری صلاحیت شغلی خونریزی پلاکت خون References##1. Gauer RL, Braun MM. Thrombocytopenia. American family physician. 2012;85(6):612-22.##2. Sharma S, Rose H. Incidentally detected thrombocytopenia in adults. Australian Family Physician. 2014;43(10):700-4.##3. Sekhon SS, Roy V. Thrombocytopenia in adults: a practical approach to evaluation and management. SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL-BIRMINGHAM ALABAMA-. 2006;99(5):491.##4. Houwerzijl EB, N & van der Want, Johannes & Vellenga, Edo & Wolf, J. Megakaryocytic dysfunction in myelodysplastic syndromes and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura is in part due to different forms of cell death. Leukemia : official journal of the Leukemia Society of America, Leukemia Research Fund, UK. December 2006;20(11):1937-42.##5. Drachman JG. Inherited thrombocytopenia: when a low platelet count does not mean ITP. Blood. 2004;103(2):390-8.##6. Federici L, Serraj K, Maloisel F, Andres E. Thrombocytopenia during pregnancy: from etiologic diagnosis to therapeutic management. Presse Medicale (Paris, France: 1983). 2008;37(9):1299-307.##7. Haram K, Svendsen E, Abildgaard U. The HELLP syndrome: clinical issues and management. A Review. BMC pregnancy and childbirth. 2009;9:1-15.##8. Erkurt MA, Kaya E, Berber I, Koroglu M, Kuku I. Thrombocytopenia in adults. Journal of Hematology. 2012;1(2-3):44-53.##9. Veneri D, Franchini M, Randon F, Nichele I, Pizzolo G, Ambrosetti A. Thrombocytopenias: a clinical point of view. Blood Transfusion. 2009;7(2):75.##10. Arnold DM, Nazi I, Warkentin TE, Smith JW, Toltl LJ, George JN, et al. Approach to the diagnosis and management of drug-induced immune thrombocytopenia. Transfusion medicine reviews. 2013;27(3):137-45.##11. Afdhal N, McHutchison J, Brown R, Jacobson I, Manns M, Poordad F, et al. Thrombocytopenia associated with chronic liver disease. Journal of hepatology. 2008;48(6):1000-7.##12. Provan D, Stasi R, Newland AC, Blanchette VS, Bolton-Maggs P, Bussel JB, et al. International consensus report on the investigation and management of primary immune thrombocytopenia. Blood, The Journal of the American Society of Hematology. 2010;115(2):168-86.##13. George JN. Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. New England Journal of Medicine. 2006;354(18):1927-35.##14. Ziakas P, Giannouli S, Zintzaras E, Tzioufas A, Voulgarelis M. Lupus thrombocytopenia: clinical implications and prognostic significance. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2005;64(9):1366-9.##15. Schnatter AR, Glass DC, Tang G, Irons RD, Rushton L. Myelodysplastic syndrome and benzene exposure among petroleum workers: an international pooled analysis. Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 2012;104(22):1724-37.##16. Giragn E. Effects of Low Dose Ionizing Radiation on the Hematological Parameters in Medical Imaging and Therapeutic Technologists Working in Selected Governmental Hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Doctoral dissertation, Addis Ababa University).##17. Güngördü N, Kurtul S, Özdil A, Erdoğan MS. Does occupational ionizing radiation exposure in healthcare workers affect their hematological parameters?. Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health. 2023 Feb 7;78(2):80-7.##18. Patel M, Kalra A, Surapaneni R, Schwarting R, Devereux L. Acquired amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia in a patient with occupational chemical exposure. American Journal of Therapeutics. 2014 Jan 1;21(1):e17-20.##19. Bidu NS, Lemos DS, Fernandes BJ. Occupational exposure to arsenic and leukopenia risk: Toxicological alert. Toxicology and Industrial Health. 2024 Sep 2:07482337241277261.##20. Omosigho PO, Ilesanmi AO, Olaleke NO, Okesanya OJ. Thrombocytopenia in HIV positive patients in Ilorin North-Central Local Government Area Kwara State, Nigeria. Journal of Global Health Science. 2023 Aug 23;5.##21. Yeganeh O, Jeddi-Tehrani M, Yaghmaie F, Kamali K, Heidari-Vala H, Zeraati H, Shakhssalim N, Zarei S, Chamani-Tabriz L. A survey on the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma genitalium infections in symptomatic and asymptomatic men referring to urology clinic of labbafinejad hospital, tehran, iran. Iran Red Crescent Med J. 2013 Apr;15(4):340-4. doi: 10.5812/ircmj.8600. Epub 2013 Apr 5. PMID: 24083010; PMCID: PMC3785911.##22. Sørvoll IH, Horvei KD, Ernstsen SL, Lægreid IJ, Lund S, Grønli RH, Olsen MK, Jacobsen HK, Eriksson A, Halstensen AM, Tjønnfjord E. An observational study to identify the prevalence of thrombocytopenia and anti‐PF4/polyanion antibodies in Norwegian health care workers after COVID‐19 vaccination. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis. 2021 Jul;19(7):1813-8.##23. Stasi R, Amadori S, Osborn J, Newland AC, Provan D. Long-term outcome of otherwise healthy individuals with incidentally discovered borderline thrombocytopenia. Plos Medicine. 2006;3(3):e24.##24. Scott MA, Erber WN. The integrated approach to the diagnosis of hematological malignancies. Diagnostic Techniques in Hematological Malignancies. 2010:111.##25. Veyradier A, Meyer D. Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and its diagnosis. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis. 2005;3(11):2420-7.##26. Newman PM, Chong BH. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: new evidence for the dynamic binding of purified anti-PF4–heparin antibodies to platelets and the resultant platelet activation. Blood, The Journal of the American Society of Hematology. 2000;96(1):182-7.##27. Chong BH, Isaacs A. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: what clinicians need to know. Thrombosis and haemostasis. 2009;101(02):279-83.##28. Baroletti S, Piovella C, Fanikos J, Labreche M, Lin J, Goldhaber SZ. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT): clinical and economic outcomes. Thrombosis and haemostasis. 2008;100(12):1130-5.##29. Levi M. Disseminated intravascular coagulation. Critical care medicine. 2007;35(9):2191-5.##30. Slichter SJ. Relationship between platelet count and bleeding risk in thrombocytopenic patients. Transfusion medicine reviews. 2004;18(3):153-67.##31. Vinholt PJ. The role of platelets in bleeding in patients with thrombocytopenia and hematological disease. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM). 2019;57(12):1808-17.##32. Piel‐Julian ML, Mahévas M, Germain J, Languille L, Comont T, Lapeyre‐Mestre M, et al. Risk factors for bleeding, including platelet count threshold, in newly diagnosed immune thrombocytopenia adults. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis. 2018;16(9):1830-42.##33. Umakanthan JM, Dhakal P, Gundabolu K, Kallam A, Almquist DR, Bhatt VR. Initial management of immune thrombocytopaenia in adults based on risk stratification. Postgraduate medical journal. 2019;95(1128):558-62.##34. Greene LA, Chen S, Seery C, Imahiyerobo AM, Bussel JB. Beyond the platelet count: immature platelet fraction and thromboelastometry correlate with bleeding in patients with immune thrombocytopenia. British journal of haematology. 2014;166(4):592-600.##35. Gresele P, Harrison P, Gachet C, Hayward C, Kenny D, Mezzano D, et al. Diagnosis of inherited platelet function disorders: guidance from the SSC of the ISTH. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis. 2015;13(2):314-22.##36. Leader A, Pereg D, Lishner M. Are platelet volume indices of clinical use? A multidisciplinary review. Annals of medicine. 2012;44(8):805-16.##37. Briggs C, Kunka S, Hart D, Oguni S, Machin SJ. Assessment of an immature platelet fraction (IPF) in peripheral thrombocytopenia. British journal of haematology. 2004;126(1):93-9.## ## ##