1 2251-7189 Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd 353 Chemical agents Evaluation the in-vitro magnesium oxide nanoparticles effect on morphological changes in rat alveolar pneumocyte cells Barkhordari A Jafari SM Hekmatimoghaddam SH Jebali A Esmaili M Poorrajab M Askarshahi M Noorani M fazli B 1 9 2013 5 2 1 8 11 09 2013 11 09 2013 Background: Direct observation of cell behavior is involved in vivo and ex vivo study. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of magnesium oxide nanoparticles on isolated rat lung alveolar pneumocyte cells, after severance and determine the amount of no-effect nanoparticles. Methods: In this lab trial study, in addition to determine the viability of isolated cells with Trepan blue, the morphological changes of cells exposed to 1, 6 and 24 hours (hr) with magnesium oxide nanoparticle concentration of 0.1, 1, 10, 100, 500 and 1000µg/ml were evaluated using light microscopy. Results: Trepan blue staining (93%) showed that 93% of live alveolar pneumocytes were isolated. According to the results obtained after separation of cells treated with nanoparticle, with exception of fairly alteration in 1000µg/mL concentration, no any morphological changes in cytoplasm, nucleus and membrane was observed after 1 and 6 hr exposure. When time exposure increased to 24hr, the mild and severe alteration occurred in concentration of 100µg/ml and afterward. The (NOAEL) values for MgO nanoparticle after 6 and 24hr exposure, were determined 1000 and 100µg/ml, respectively. Conclusion: In this study it was shown that magnesium oxide nanoparticles in low concentrations and short exposure time has little effect on lung cells, but the increase in both concentration and duration of exposure to magnesium oxide nanoparticles was enhance morphological cell alteration.
196 Safety and occupational accidents Evaluation of work-related accidents in Sari forests exploitation workers Khodaei MB k Eraghi MK l Eghtesadi A m k Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran,Iran l Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran,Iran m Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran,Iran 1 9 2013 5 2 9 19 02 12 2012 11 09 2013 Background: The exploitation of forests, which generally involve combinations of natural hazards, could damage the health and safety of forest workers. The aim of this study was to analyze the factors of the accidents that happened to Sari forests exploitation workers. Methods: This was a cross-sectional (descriptive-analytic) study. A number of 136 employees accident reports were recorded during the years 1388 to 1390 in the Sari country side forests have been studied. The relationship between events and causes of accidents, injuries and factors influencing the nature and unsafe circumstances, organs that injured and miss declaim were assessed. The data were analyzed with SPSS software. Results: Results showed that 53% of events due to the insecure conditions and 47 percent of events were due to unsafe conditions in the workplace. The organs that most injured were hand, foot and eye with 56, 51 and 18 cases respectively. Average of lost working hours were 11/66 hours of work per each incident. Conclusion: The main causes of these injuries were lack of personal protective equipment in unsafe acts and unsafe conditions are mechanical and physical factors, So the use of personal protective equipments, solve the mechanical problems, and train the workers against risks are useful methods. Mechanical and physical factors did not attempt to solve ratio problems 137 Safety and occupational accidents Evaluation of workers’ perception about safety in roller and steel parts production factory based on the health belief model in 2011 Asghari M Taghdisi MH Haghighi M Yekefallah D Abbassinia M Ahmadnezhad I Aghaie H 1 9 2013 5 2 20 31 27 08 2012 11 09 2013 Background: Because most of the work-related injuries are caused due to the unsafe perceptions and behaviors, thus, it is necessary to do research in these areas. This study aimed to evaluate perceptions of workers to safety culture in roller and steel parts production factory based on the health belief model (HBM). Methods: This is an analytical-descriptive, applied and cross-sectional study. Community research was included all workers working in roller and steel parts production factory which 170 of them were selected by the help of statistical consultant. After having questionnaire prepared, which was covered benefits, barriers, perceived severity and sensitivity from safety and most important guidelines, its validity and reliability was certified. Then, considering sample size, data gathered by questionnaire were entered to databases and were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: Considering education, most of the studied population (63.5%) had under diploma degree and most of them were between 23 to 28 years old (62%). Furthermore, 70% of studied population was married and 40.6% had working experiences between 3 to 5 years old. Moreover, 64.7 and 22.4% of studied workers had average and good perceptions regarding safety. Most of the workers (35.3%) were working in melting unit. Also 65.9% mentioned that have had injuries during the work. Further more, according to the Chi-square test there was a relationship between HBM dimensions such as perceived sensitivity with job, working unit, work-related injuries. Conclusion: Studied workers had relatively good knowledge and perception regarding safety. Since workers are of those vulnerable groups in working environments, therefore, implementing educational and interventional programs using HBM or other educational models are recommended to improve their knowledge regarding safety principles. 148 Safety and occupational accidents Evaluation of workers-related factors about using of hearing protection devices in textile factories, based on planned behavior theory morowaty mohamad ali chaleshgar mosharafe abbasi shavazi masome sharifi reza yazduniversity of medical science yazduniversity of medical science yazduniversity of medical science yazduniversity of medical science 1 9 2013 5 2 32 42 09 09 2012 12 09 2013 Background: Noise is one of the detrimental factors of industrial health. Noise induced hearing loss is one the most occupational disease in the world. The purpose of this research was to study workers-related factors about using Hearing Protection Device (HPD) of textile factories in Yazd based on Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Methods: In this cross-sectional analytical study, 134 workers of textile factories in Yazd who exposed to harmful noise (over 85dB) among four factories by cluster sampling were selected. A questionnaire was designed for indirect measurement of TPB construct (behavioral belief, outcome evaluation, normative belief, motivation to comply, control belief, power of control). Validity and reliability of the questionnaire was approved. Data were analyzed using correlation coefficient and regression test. Results: In this study 24.1% of workers permanently used HPD and 28.4% never use HPD. There was a significant relation between past behavior and subjective norms. TPB constructs showed 14.9% of HPD intention variance. Only subjective norm is a significant predictor for intention to HPD using. Also intention explained 77.9% of HPD usage behavior variance. Conclusion: Our results indicate that a subjective norm is the most effective antecedent in the HPD using intention. However it is recommended to designing educational program for increase HPD usage and safety behavior among workers 193 Ergonomics Risk assessment of musculoskeletal disorder by RULA method, and effect evaluation of ergonomic training on tailor working conditions Jafari Sayed Mohammad Fazli Babak Nurani Marzieh Sharifpoor Zahra Soltani gerdfaramarzi Raziyeh shahid Sadoughi university of medical science university of yazd medical science university of yazd medical science university of yazd medical science university of yazd medical science 1 9 2013 5 2 43 50 17 11 2012 11 09 2013 Background: Sawing job is one of the occupations that have high work-related musculoskeletal disorders prevalence because of repetitive tasks. The current study aimed to determine work-related musculoskeletal disorders and risk factor of this disorder in YAZD city tailors. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, we take film from working process and worker’s postures, each task were assigned a posture score using RULA method. Face to face ergonomic training was done for each worker. After intervention, worker’s postures evaluation was done again. Descriptive statistics and nonparametric tests (Wilcoxone and Kruskal-Wallis) were used. Results: The result showed that the highest final posture score and action level in tailor workstations were 7 and 4 respectively. Significant differences were shown in the final score postures in four tasks (Sewing, Cutting, Ironing and Button sewing). After ergonomic training, re-evaluation of body posture had done and RULA score was decrease in two tasks, cutting and Sewing buttons. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that ergonomic training on body position tailors in Sewing and button Sewing work station is effective 255 Safety and occupational accidents Effectiveness of control measures to reduce the risk level of work-related hazards in one of Ceramic Industries khoshakhlagh Amirhossein Halvani Gholamhossein Mehrparvar Amirhooshang Laal fereydoon shahid sadoughi university of medical sciences shahid sadoughi university of medical sciences shahid sadoughi university of medical sciences shahid sadoughi university of medical sciences 1 9 2013 5 2 51 59 11 03 2013 11 09 2013 Background: What-If is a systemic approach tool based on teamwork that enables to identify and assess systematic deviations in the work process, humanitarian performances and equipment defects by brainstorming ways. Because Yazd province has multiple ceramic and tile factories, this study was done to evaluate effectiveness of control measures to reduce the risk level of work-related hazards in Ceramic Industry Methods: This study was before-after (quasi-experimental) study. Among the Ceramic factories in Yazd province, one factory was selected as a sample, after an initial assessment by expert team, corrective strategies were implemented, and Risk Assessment Code 2 (RAC2) Obtained. Data was analysis by SPSS 16. Results: 107 dangerous were identified in all units, the lowest and highest risks identified was related to the guarding unit and the maintenance unit respectively. Number of acceptable risk before and after the intervention, the lowest acceptable risk and unacceptable risk was reached from 7 to 90, 85 to 17 and 15 to 0 respectively. Conclusions: The results showed that the combined engineering- management actions had been affected more than each of these measures alone in reduction the risk code number. By using this method, the risk at hazardous environments can be reduced or controlled and it was an ideal risk management tool for all industries alike 354 Safety and occupational accidents Relationship between assertiveness and reporting of job errors among nurses Borimnejad Leili Mardani Hmouleh Marjan Seyed Fatemi Naeimeh Mostaghaci Mehrdad 1 9 2013 5 2 60 65 11 09 2013 11 09 2013 Background: Assertiveness skill helps to nurses for better their practice. Job errors are inevitable in nursing profession. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between assertiveness and reporting of job errors among nurses. Methods: This descriptive and cross sectional study was performed on 153 nurses from Fatemeh Zahra hospital of Najafabad through census sampling. The main study tools were assertiveness inventory of Gambril & Richi and questionnaire of job errors. The data were analyzed by SPSS 16 software using the chi square and Pearson correlation coefficient test. Results: The most of nurses (78.4%) had assertiveness in the moderate level and (58.2%) of them were agreed to reporting of job errors in the moderate level. Pearson correlation coefficient test showed a direct correlation between assertiveness and reporting of job errors (r=0.035) but no significant difference between two variables (P=0.58). Conclusion: Nurses with higher assertiveness had a more favorable disposition to reporting of their job errors. Regarding impossibility of suppression of nursing errors, struggle for reporting nursing errors depends on using an approach with emphasis on promotion of assertiveness 192 Ergonomics Comparison of the situation of safety, hygiene and work conditions by a participatory ergonomics approach in a pharmaceutical company in Iran dastranj Farahnaz helali Faramarz barkhordari Abolfazl mehrparvar Amir Houshang Mahmoudi Mahmoud 1 9 2013 5 2 66 73 17 11 2012 11 09 2013 Background: Access of organizations to ergonomics, especially in developing countries is difficult. Therefore development of knowledge for application of ergonomics in job modification and productivity is necessary. It is fundamental for industries in such developing countries as Iran, in which there is need for applied research on action learning. Ergonomic interventions are among the methods for reducing ergonomic exposures. Participatory ergonomics as a new intervention in the workplaces is increasingly being used. This study was designed to use ILO ergonomic checkpoints to detect the proper trend of safety, health, and work conditions for comparison of safety, health and workplace situation by a participatory ergonomics approach. Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive–analytic study conducted in a pharmaceutical industry. At first safety, health and work conditions was assessed by an industrial hygienist and then by a participatory ergonomics approach 60 subjects were assessed in technical sessions by ILO ergonomics checkpoint. Results: The scores of different branches (i.e. safety, hygiene, health and work conditions) resulted from checkpoints completed before and after the application of checklists with participatory ergonomics approach and action learning showed that for one unit increase in each score before intervention, the score after intervention was increased 0.3 which was statistically significant. Conclusion: According to the results of theoretical and experimental documents, technical and social skills and capabilities of subjects will increase after application of a participatory ergonomics process and will create reliability and motivation for involvement, participation and cooperation in order to solve the problems of safety, hygiene, health and work conditions