1 2251-7189 Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd 345 Ergonomics Performance evaluation of 2-dimentional anthropometry method in measurement of hand dimentions Soury SH Habibi E Hasanzade A 1 7 2015 7 1 1 9 15 08 2013 18 11 2013 Introduction: Various studies carried out on different photo anthropometry, but each one had some deficiencies which during the years they have been resolved. In the current study in order to determine the anthropometric dimensions of the hand, two-dimensional images were used. And its results were compared with manual methods (caliper). The objective of this paper is to test the efficiency of 2D (Two-dimensional) image processing software in Photo anthropometry of hand. Methods: In this applied research, 204 workers were selected.7 dimension of their hand was measured. The taken photos were analyzed by Digimizer software, version 4.1.1.0. And Digital Caliper (Model: Mitutoyo Corp, Tokyo, Japan) was used via manual method. Results: t-test statistical test on data revealed that there is no significant difference between the manual and photo anthropometric results (p>0.05), and the correlation coefficients for hand dimensions are similar in both methods illustrated in the range of 0.9-0.95. Conclusion: The statistical analyses showed that photo anthropometry can be replaced with manual methods. Also it can provide a great help to develop an anthropometric database for work gloves manufacturers. Since the hand anthropometry is a necessary input for tool design, this survey can be used to determine the percentiles of workers' hands
442 Safety and occupational accidents Assessment of human errors in the intensive cardiac care unit nursing profession using the SPAR-H Mohammadfam I Movafagh M Soltanian A Salavati M Bashirian S 1 7 2015 7 1 10 22 01 03 2014 09 12 2014 Background: Quality and safety are two major concerns in the medical professions. According to irreparable consequences arising from human errors in the intensive care unit, the safety level in these sectors is very important. This study aimed to evaluate the human errors in the intensive cardiac care unit nurses. Methods: This research was a qualitative study, conducted by SPAR-H method. In this study, the nursing task was divided into sub-tasks and related activities using a hierarchical task analysis (HTA). The SPAR-H method was used to identify and evaluate human errors. Data were analyzed using SPSS-16 software. Results: Duties include initial resuscitation, saying the code and start cardio-pulmonary resuscitation, shock, intubation and urgent measures for dysrhythmias are critical task with error probability of 0.372, 0.245, 0.233, 0.196 and 0.122/0 respectively. Conclusion: To reduce the rate of human error improving performances shaping factors including decrease of complexity and promote of training as well as modification of nurses shift work and reducing additional duties are recommended. 420 occupational medicine what is job risk factors of lapse among the patient under treatment of addiction? Mehrdad R Zarbafi B Pouryaghub GH Saraee M 1 7 2015 7 1 23 31 22 01 2014 14 05 2014 Background: Addiction to narcotics at workplace can cause financial damages and serious injuries. Recognition of occupational factors and solving it, can cause continued employments and also successful treatments. The purpose of this study is to determine the causes which might lead to lapse of drug abuse in patients kept under treatment using Methadone. Methods: This is a cross sectional study on 351 addicts visiting five hospitalizing centers doing treatment with Methadone. A Data collection form consisting questions about demographic features, 2 addiction, job conditions, and other diseases of participants was filled up, through direct interviews, and information relating to a possible lapse was analyzed. Results: The mean (SD) age of participants was 40(12) years and most of the patients were in their first six months of treatment. . 74% of them were employed of which 47% had relapsed in their periods of treatment. The mean age was lower in those who had lapse of addiction. Conclusion: Relapse of addiction was more dependent upon the type of drug abused, from work risk factors being away from family (in order to work) have the most effect. employing had a preventive role in the lapse, but not significant. The working age was lower, age of addiction is also lower.Information about substance abuse in the workplace is very low and occupational medicine specialist can have important role, because most patients (66%) tend to make prevention programs in the workplace. 495 Safety and occupational accidents Evaluation of Verbal Violence against Emergency Medical Personnel at Work in 2014 Maghami M n Aghababaeian H o Bosak S p n Dezful University of Medical Sciences o Dezful University of Medical Sciences p Dezful University of Medical Sciences 1 7 2015 7 1 32 40 08 06 2014 28 09 2014 Introduction: verbal violence is on of the Job insecurity in workplace which is frequent among health care workers, especially emergency personnel. This study examined verbal workplace violence against emergency medical personnel that took place north of Khuzestan province. Materials and methods: This research was a cross - sectional study using census method on 144 cases of emergency personnel of north Khuzestan who declared their satisfaction to take part in the study in 2014. The data gathering tool was a questionnaire consisted of four parts (demographic, psychological violence experience, racial violence and response to violence and its causes). Data analysis was performed by SPSS 16 software using descriptive and inferential tests. Results: The mean age of subjects was 32.9±4.16 years and their experience in the emergency department was 5.9±2.25 years. In the past 12 months, 66.7 percent of staff had experienced at least one of the verbal violence and 65.3 percent had experienced psychological violence, 20.1 percent had experienced cultural, or racial violence separately. There was a significant relationship between violence and male patients (p=0.002). From medical personnel’s point of view the most common cause of violence was Low public awareness towards the duties of emergency medical personnel. The most common response to violence was to invite the offender to relax. Conclusion: Courses can be offered to raise public awareness and to teach medical emergency personnel how to deal with violence and prevent its occurrence. 359 Ergonomics The study and Determination of occupational stress and its affecting factors on one of industries in Yazd province KHoshakhlagh AH Halvani GH laal fereydoon mihanpoor hamideh Moradi MR shahid sadoughi shahid sadoughi shahid sadoughi 1 7 2015 7 1 41 51 24 09 2013 02 07 2015 Background and Aim: In recent decades, the issue of stress and its negative consequences such as violence in the workplace, increased accidents at work, Absenteeism and burnout, have deleterious effects on the efficiency and economy. The aim of this study was to determine the occupational stress of pelletizing industry workers and its determinants. Methods: This study was descriptive - analytical and cross sectional. Among of pelletizing plant workers selected 120 subjects (randomly) and according to the shift, they are divided into two groups of Shift and non-shift work and for the estimation of stress, 120 occupational questionnaires with 92% reliability was completed and Statistical data was analyzed by the SPSS software. Results: 88% of employees had severe stress. Severe stress was observed in shift work, low age and experience (in both shift and non-shift), respectively, 90%, 96.2% and 94.7%. 92.6% of smokers also had severe stress. Between job stress and levels of education, and marital status and sleep problems were not significantly association (p>0/05). Conclusions: According to the result of presented study, shift work, smoking, low age and experience were the causes and triggers of stress. Therefore it is suggested, takes into account the selection and periodic examinations of workers with these characteristics for stressful jobs and so identify sources of stress for reducing causing factors as systematically and prioritize be attempted. 497 occupational medicine Comparison of mental performance and sleepiness between 8 and 12 hrs shift works in an oil refinery plant in Iran Maghsoodipour M Khoda Bandeh Lou L Piri L 1 7 2015 7 1 52 62 09 06 2014 19 10 2014 Background: There are different types of shift work programs, each of them has its pros and cons. The purpose of this study was to compare sleep and mental performance in 12-hour and 8-hour shift works. Methods: In this longitudinal study, 61 workers from 187 shift workers in one of oil refinery plants were chosen. They were supposed to work in a schedule of 12- hour shift works for 6 months and then return to 8-hour shift works again. We used a demographic questionnaire, sleep diary and PVT software in the beginning and the end of the same shift. Data was collected at the end of 6 months of 12-hour shifts and then after 6 months of 8-hour shifts from the same workers. Results: Total sleep time mean in 12-hour shifts was 6.20 hours and in 8-hour shifts was 6.41 hours, but the difference was not significant. The difference between means of reaction times in the beginning of 12-hour shifts (451.80 milliseconds) and 8-hour shifts (416.12 milliseconds) was not significant. The difference between means of reaction times in the ending of 12-hour shifts (382.22 milliseconds) and 8-hour shifts (390.98 milliseconds) was not significant either. The difference between means of false responses in the beginning of 12-hour shifts (3.74) and 8-hour shifts (2.98) was significant. (p<0.05) This difference in the ending of the shifts was significant as well. (3.74 in 12-hour versus 2.36 in 8-hour shifts, p, 0.01). Conclusion: Total sleep time in 12- hour shifts is not significantly different from 8-hour shifts. 12-hour shift may decrease mental function (increasing false responses of PVT in the beginning of 12-hour shifts comparing to 8-hour shift). Different sleep patterns may be an explanation for these findings. Key words: 12-hour and 8-hour shift works, Mental performance, Reaction time, False responses 323 General Nutritional intake status of carpet weavers in Yazd-1390 nadjarzadeh azadeh zare reshkouyieh Roghayeh Halvani gholamhossein Jafari Nodoushan Reza shahid sadoughi university of medical sciences Shahid Sadoughi university of medical sciences shahid sadoughi university of medical sciences shahid sadoughi university of medical sciences 1 7 2015 7 1 63 71 23 06 2013 14 05 2014 Background: Proper nutrition can affect the health status of next generation. Nutritional status of women workers is so important. This study has been done to determine energy, macro and micronutrient intakes and to compare with dietary standards. Methods: This descriptive cross sectional study has been done on 300 carpet weaver in Yazd. After measuring height and weight, dietary intake was determined using 3 day 24 h dietary recall questionnaire and analyzed by Nutritionist 4 software. Descriptive analysis and t-test were used by SPSS software. Results: After omitting over and under reporting, data of 170 workers were analyzed. Mean of body mass index was 23.39±3.84 Kg/m2. Mean of energy intake was 2536.4±473.7 Kcal/d while 55.65, 10.86, and 33.48 percents of energy have been supplied by carbohydrate, protein and fat, respectively. Dietary intakes of vitamin A and C were significantly lower than Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI). Energy excess was seen in 91.7 percent of women and 31.8 percent of them were obese or overweight. Conclusion: according to this study, micronutrient deficiencies are the issue in women in spite of energy excess. 554 occupational medicine Associations of sputum eosinophilia with pulmonary function and respiratory symptoms in bakery workers Giahi O Ebrahemzadih M Darvishi E Khoubi J Soltani Gerdfaramarzi R 1 7 2015 7 1 72 81 28 10 2014 02 07 2015 Background: Occupational flour inhalation has been a culprit in commence of several pulmonary maladies, such as asthma. The flour particle is one of the most important factors which can cause occupational chronic respiratory disorders. We examined the relationship of occupational wheat flour inhalation in bakery and supermarket employees with pulmonary function, respiratory symptoms, and sputum eosinophilia for determining hyper-responsiveness. Methods: 110 subjects from traditional bakeries and 137 subjects from supermarket employees were enrolled in a cross-sectional study in Iran. Flour exposure concentrations, respiratory signs, sputum analysis, and respiratory volumes and capacities were measured based on the standard methods. Independent sample t-test was applied for analyses. Results: Respirable concentration of flour in the bakery workers was two to four-fold of ACGIH’s threshold limit value in which bread-bakers with 2.2 mg/m3 experienced maximum exposures among all job titles in the bakeries. The supermarket employees had not exposure to flour dust. The respiratory volumes in both bakery and supermarket employees were in the normal range. However, the median of voluminal percentage in bakery workers except forced vital capacity was reduced (p < 0.001). The mean respiratory volume of bread-bakers was reduced compared with supermarket employees (p < 0.05). In addition, we observed increased respiratory symptoms in the bakery workers, again more prevalent in the bread-bakers. There was a significant correlation between flour exposure concentration and sputum eosinophilia in which the percentage of eosinophilia in the bread-bakers was more than other bakery and supermarket employees. Albeit there were reductions in the respiratory volumes, results indicate no obstructive spirometric pattern. Conclusion: Noteworthy, sputum eosinophilia might be a suitable screening method to detect airway hyper-responsiveness in workers exposed to known asthmogens.