2026-09-16T04:50:14+03:30 http://tkj.ssu.ac.ir/browse.php?mag_id=44&slc_lang=fa&sid=1

44-1033 2026-09-16 10.1002

Occupational Medicine Quarterly Journal tkj 2251-7189 2251-8274 7 2020 12 2 Mehrzad Ebrahemzadih mhrzad12@gmail.com Sara Jam barsang mhrzad12@gmail.com raziyeh Soltani gerdfaramarzi mhrzad12@gmail.com Hassan Ashrafzadeh Gholamhosein Halvani halvanig@yahoo.com Marzieh Ebrahimzadeh mhrzad12@gmail.com Introduction: Shift work is one of the threatening factors on Health. The important effects of shift work can be noted chronic fatigue. This study aimed to determine the association between Shift Work and chronic Fatigue among Educational Hospital Nurses. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in Educational Hospital in Yazd. Using Stratified sampling technique, 200 Nurses were selected. The data was collected by using questionnaires of Demographic and chronic Fatigue. The data was analyzed using SPSS20 software and applying chi-square and Pearson correlation coefficients. Result: 57 nurse’s man and 143 nurse’s women Participated in this study. There wasn’t a significant relation between the Gender, marital status, work experience and education level with chronic Fatigue. Because Between the age group with chronic fatigue there was a significant difference. Analysis of the results of this study showed that significant relation between Shift Work and chronic Fatigue. Conclusion: Shift work can be affected on chronic fatigue that causes the difference in constant and non-constant shifts. So, chronic fatigue in people with constant shifts less than non-constant shifts.   Chronic Fatigue Shift Work Nurses 2020 10 01 1 7 http://tkj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-1033-en.pdf 10.18502/tkj.v12i2.4368

44-1086 2026-09-16 10.1002

Occupational Medicine Quarterly Journal tkj 2251-7189 2251-8274 7 2020 12 2 Alireza Taheri Fard alitfr@yahoo.com Hassan Ahmadinia h.ahmadinia@gmail.com Mehdi Kafi mmm.kafi@yahoo.com Marzie Salandari msalandari85@yahoo.com Abdollah Rahmani abdollarahmani67@yahoo.com Mohsen Rezaeian moeygmr2@yahoo.co.uk Introduction: Painters are exposed to various chemical harmful agents such as lead particles in paints. Some studies have suggested a possible association of occupational exposure that may cause cardiovascular effects. Lead is absorbed through the body through the skin, skin, and respiratory tract and penetrates some tissues. Considering the importance of labor health in each country's development and progress, this study was conducted to determine the amount of lead in the blood of painters in Rafsanjan in 2019.   Materials and Methods: The present study is a cross-sectional study of the descriptive type conducted in 1397 on 77 painters of Rafsanjan city. Data collection was done in two stages, in the first stage, based on a checklist that included demographic information, and in the second stage by performing laboratory tests. Finally, by recording the data in SPSS software, quantitative data was reported as a "mean ± standard deviation" and qualitative information as a "number (percent)".   Results: Of the 77 painter workers, the youngest is 21, and the oldest is 70 years old. A total of 20 people (26%) had a family history of heart attacks. The highest amount of lead in the blood of painters was reported to be 30.7 micrograms per deciliter, and the level of lead was most correlated with blood sugar. Sixty people (77.9%) painters used personal protective equipment. 49.4% of the study's painters wore work clothes, and 28.6% used gloves while working. Lead levels are directly related to blood sugar, cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, age, work experience, and blood sugar levels were most correlated with the level of lead in painters' blood.   Conclusion: This study's findings show that due to the increase in the work experience of painters, their blood lead level has also increased, and the blood sugar level has had the highest correlation with the lead level in the painters' blood.   Lead Cardiovascular disease Painters 2020 10 01 8 16 http://tkj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-1086-en.pdf 10.18502/tkj.v12i2.4369

44-1062 2026-09-16 10.1002

Occupational Medicine Quarterly Journal tkj 2251-7189 2251-8274 7 2020 12 2 khalil Taherzadeh Chenani khalil.oc.hy@gmail.com Mehdi Jahangiri jahangiri_m@sums.ac.ir Reza Jafari Nodoushan khalil.tchenani@yahoo.com Farzan Madadizadeh madadizadehfarzan@gmail.com Hossein Fallah Fallah_Hossein@yahoo.com 1.O'Connor PO, Keogh IJ. Addressing human error within the Irish healthcare system. Irish Medical Journal. 2011;104(1):5-6. 2. Jahangiri M, Hoboubi N, Rostamabadi A, Keshavarzi S, Hosseini AA. Human error analysis in a permit to work system: a case study in a chemical plant. Safety and Health  at Work. 2016;7(1):6-11. 3. Edmondson AC. Learning from mistakes is easier said than done: Group and organizational influences on the detection and correction of human error. JABS. 2004;40(1):66-90. 4. Makary MA, Daniel MJB. Medical error—the third leading cause of death in the US.  Ninth International Congress On Peer Review And Scientific Pubulatio; 2016:1-5. 5. Zakerian SA, Najafi K, Fallahmedvari R, Jahangiri M, Jalilian H, Azimipoor RJOMQJ. Identification and assessment of human errors in the number of eye surgeries using PHEA technique. Occupational Medicine Quarterly Journal. 2017;9(3):1-13.[Persian] 6. Küng K, Carrel T, Wittwer B, Engberg S, Zimmermann N, Schwendimann R. Medication errors in a swiss cardiovascular surgery department: a cross-sectional study based on a novel medication error report method.  Nursing Research and Practice. 2013;1-6. 7. Feyer A-M, Williamson AM, Cairns DR. The involvement of human behaviour in occupational accidents: errors in context. Saf. Sci. 1997;25(1-3):55-65. 8. Eyvazlou M, Dadashpour Ahangar A, Rahimi A, Davarpanah MR, Sayyahi SS, Mohebali Mal. Human reliability assessment in a 99Mo/99mTc generator production facility using the standardized plant analysis risk-human (SPAR-H) technique. JOSE. 2019;25(2):1-16. 9. Anderson JG, Jay SJ, Anderson M, Hunt TJ. Evaluating the impact of information technology on medication errors: a simulation. JAMIA. 2003;10(3):292-293. 10. Hollnagel EJC. Human reliability analysis: Context and control. 1st ed. London: Academic Press 1993:27-51. 11. Dhillon BS. Human reliability and error in transportation systems: Springer Science & Business Media; British: springer. 2007:29-41. 12. Kumar P, Gupta S, Agarwal M, Singh UJSs. Categorization and standardization of accidental risk-criticality levels of human error to develop risk and safety management policy. Saf. Sci. 2016;85:88-98. 13. Mohammadfam I, Saeidi C. Evaluating human errors in cataract surgery using the SHERPA technique. Iran J Ergon. 2015.2(4).41-47.[Persian] 14. Mohammadfam I, Mohammadi Y, Amiri M, Fallah Ksjjosp, Prevention I. Identifying and Prioritizing the Factors Affecting on the Human Errors in Health Care: Systematic Review. ICSP. 2018;6(2):87-90.[Persian] 15. Balas MC, Scott LD, Rogers AE. The prevalence and nature of errors and near errors reported by hospital staff nurses. Appl Nurs Res 2004;17(4):224-30. 16. Kohn LT, Corrigan J, Donaldson MS. To error is human: building a safer health system. 1st ed. USA: Washington, DC; National academy press 2000: 1-16. 17. Tevlin R, Doherty E, Traynor O. Improving disclosure and management of medical error–an opportunity to transform the surgeons of tomorrow.  The Surgeon. 2013;11(6):338-43. 18. Khasha R, Sepehri MM, Khatibi T. A fuzzy FMEA approach to prioritizing surgical cancellation factors. IJHR. 2013;2(1):17-24. 19. Tait AR, Voepel-Lewis T, Munro HM, Gutstein HB, Reynolds P. Cancellation of pediatric outpatient surgery: economic and emotional implications for patients and their families. J Clin Anesth. 1997;9(3):213-9. 20. Mohammadfam I, Movafagh M, Soltanian A, Salavati M, Bashirian S. Assessment of human errors in the nursing profession of intensive cardiac care unit using SPAR-H method. Occupational Medicine Quarterly Journal. 2015;7(1):10-22.[Persian] 21. Ansari S, Choobdar M, Bakhtiari T, Jamalizadeh Z, heydari p, Varmazyar S. Identification and evaluation of human errors among Qazvin emergency medical personnel by using CREAM technique. Scientific journal of rescue and relief. 2018;10(1):98-110.[Persian] 22. Tanha F, Mazloumi A, Faraji V, Kazemi Z, Shoghi MJJoH. Evaluation of human errors using standardized plant analysis risk human reliability analysis technique among delivery emergency nurses in a hospital affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences. journal of hospital. 2015;14(3):57-66.[Persian] 23. Stanton N. Hierarchical task analysis: Developments, applications, and extensions. Appl. Ergon. 2006;37(1):55-79. 24. U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research. The SPAR-H human reliability analysis method. Washington: 2005. 25. Laumann K, Rasmussen MJRE, Safety S. Suggested improvements to the definitions of Standardized Plant Analysis of Risk-Human Reliability Analysis (SPAR-H) performance shaping factors, their levels and multipliers and the nominal tasks. RELIAB ENG SYST SAFE. 2016;145:287-300. 26. Idaho National Laboratory(INL). SPAR-H step-by-step guidance. Washington: 2012. 27. Nazari T, Rabiee A, Ramezani A. Human Error Probability Quantification using SPAR-H Method: Total Loss of Feedwater case study for VVER-1000. Nuclear Engineering and Design. 2018; 331:295-301. 28. Rasekh R. Evaluation of Human Reliability by Standardized Plant Analysis Risk HRA (SPAR-H) method in the Dialysis Process in Ebne Sina Hospital, Shiraz. Iran J Ergon. 2019;7(3):44-56. 29. Pouya AB, Mosavianasl Z, Moradi-Asl E. Analyzing Nurses’ Responsibilities in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Using SHERPA and SPAR-H Techniques. Shiraz E Med J. 2019;20(6).1-9.  Assessment of the probability of human error occurring in the process of appendectomy operation using SPAR-H method   Taherzadeh Chenani KH1, Jahangiri M 2, Jafari Nodoushan R *3, Madadizadeh F 4, Fallah H5,6   1 Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran 2 Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran 3 Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran 4 Research Center of Prevention and Epidemiology of Non-Communicable Disease, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran 5 Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran 6 Occupational Health Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran   Abstract Introduction: The irreparable consequences of human error in the health care sector have made patient safety an important principle in medical professions. The aim of the present study was to investigate the probability of human error in operating room personnel in the process of appendectomy operations. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional and descriptive study was performed to identify and evaluate the probability of human error in operating room personnel's tasks in the process of appendectomy in Shahid Sadoughi Hospital in Yazd. Initially, by interviewing personnel and studying the process and procedures of the work, the job duties of the personnel were analyzed using HTA method. Finally, the probability of error was calculated using SPAR-H method for different tasks. Results: The average human error probability for all tasks was 0.173. Also, the highest mean of error was related to anesthesiologist duties (0.23) and the least related to scrub duties (0.101). Conclusion: The SPAR-H method can be used to analyze and quantify the probability of human error in the operating room. To reduce the likelihood of human error, we can reduce dependency by performing different tasks with different people and if possible with long time between them. Also, stress, complexity and procedures were identified as the most important factors affecting the probability of error. Human error Operation room Performance shaping factors SPAR-H 2020 10 01 17 28 http://tkj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-1062-en.pdf 10.18502/tkj.v12i2.4370

44-1041 2026-09-16 10.1002

Occupational Medicine Quarterly Journal tkj 2251-7189 2251-8274 7 2020 12 2 Peyman Hatamian hatamian152@gmail.com Parastoo Hatamian P.hatamian1375@gmail.com Introduction: Considering that job stress is one of the most commonly used areas related to health psychology in the workplace. Therefore the present study aimed The Effect Intervention Psychological- Based on Emotional Regulation on Reduction Job Stress among Nurses Working in Hospitals Kermanshah City. Materials and Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The statistical population included all nurses working in Imam Reza hospital in Kermanshah city year 1398. The sample size consisted of 30 people selected by voluntary sampling and randomly divided into two groups (15 experimental & 15 control). At first, both groups were pre-tested by the Osipo Job Stress Questionnaire, and then the experimental group received eight sessions of 90 minutes of emotion regulation training. Finally, both groups responded again to the questionnaire. Data were analyzed using univariate covariance analysis by SPSS-23 software. Results: The results of the covariance analysis showed that the mean score of job stress components among the experimental group nurses was significantly decreased after the psychological intervention based on emotion regulation (P> 0.001). Conclusion: According to these findings, it can be said that psychological intervention based on emotion regulation was effective in reducing nurses' job stress, so it is recommended that the relevant authorities pay attention to the role of these psychological interventions. Emotional Regulation Training Job Stress Nurses 2020 10 01 29 35 http://tkj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-1041-en.pdf 10.18502/tkj.v12i2.4371

44-1071 2026-09-16 10.1002

Occupational Medicine Quarterly Journal tkj 2251-7189 2251-8274 7 2020 12 2 Maryam Kavousian maryamkavyan@yahoo.com Ali Salehi Sahlabadi asalehi529@sbmu.ac.ir Mohammad Javad Jafari jafari1951@yahoo.com Soheila Khodakarim lkhodakarm@gmail.com Hadiseh Rabiei hadisehrabei@gmail.com Introduction: Given the importance of adapting workers' physical and mental capabilities to their job needs, measuring their ability to work, maintaining, and upgrading, it has become an essential task. This study aimed to investigate WAI and its relationship with VO2max at one of the cement companies. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 130 employees of a cement company in Iran in 2018. For data collection, the WAI, Queens's test for maximum oxygen consumption, and a questionnaire designed by researchers (socio-demographic and work-related factors) were used. SPSS 21 was used to analyze the data.  Results: The results showed that the mean ± standard deviation of WAI in staff was 39.35 ± 4.64. Among the demographic and related variables, sports activity (P > 0.04) and sleep quality (P < 0.001), and work experience (P> 0.046) were significantly correlated with WAI. There was a significant positive correlation between the mean score of WAI and Vo2max (r = 0.21, p < 0.05). Regression modeling showed that Vo2max was the only significant predictor of WAI. Conclusion: According to the results of the study, to control and enhance the ability of the staff of the study, occupational intervention programs should focus on improving sleep quality and increased exercise. Also, considering the positive relationship of Vo2max to the WAI of the surveyed staff, it is recommended to select suitable employees in terms of aerobic capacity according to the workload of the job. Work ability index Maximal aerobic capacity Cement industry 2020 10 01 36 46 http://tkj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-1071-en.pdf 10.18502/tkj.v12i2.4372

44-1064 2026-09-16 10.1002

Occupational Medicine Quarterly Journal tkj 2251-7189 2251-8274 7 2020 12 2 Mohammad Hassaan Dashty khavidaki Dashty54@gmail.com Amir Abbas Minaeifar aaminaeifar@gmail.com Fatemeh Rasekh physiology39@yahoo.com Alireza Baghiani abpnu@yahoo.com Introduction: Inhalation of dust particles is prone to chronic diseases, and regular exercise reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease and improves blood variables. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of physical activity on blood factors, lipid profile, and liver enzymes in tile factory workers. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. 70 workers who were eligible to participate in the study were selected based on the sampling method available at the workplace. According to the Beck questionnaire, 15 people were included in each active and inactive groups. After 12 hours of worker's last meal, 10 ml of venous blood was used to evaluate biochemical variables of Blood factors (RBC, Hematocrit, Hemoglobin, WBC), lipid profile (Cholesterol, Triglyceride). Liver enzyme (ALT, AST, ALP) tests of both groups were performed in the occupational medicine laboratory of Meybod city, and SPSS Ver.23 software was used for analysis. Results: The results showed that red blood cells (p = 0.003) and hemoglobin (p = 0.034) in the active group were significantly higher than the inactive group. Also triglyceride (p = 0.025) and cholesterol (p = 0.042) of liver enzymes, (p = 0.011) ALT and AST (p = 0.047) were significantly lower. Conclusion: It seems that physical activity can have a positive effect; it can improve blood factors, liver enzymes, and fat profile in workers. According to the results, tile factory workers can achieve the desired blood factors with minimal physical activity. Workers Exercise Blood factors Fat Profile Liver enzymes 2020 10 01 47 58 http://tkj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-1064-en.pdf 10.18502/tkj.v12i2.4372

44-1099 2026-09-16 10.1002

Occupational Medicine Quarterly Journal tkj 2251-7189 2251-8274 7 2020 12 2 Gholamhosein Halvani Mohammadreza Mohammadnia Mohammadreza Zare Mehrjardi Mohammadreza Kesht varz Introduction: work-related accidents impose irreparable hurt on the national capital. It is necessary to take a series of preventive measures before the occurrence to preserve and protect the human force and reduce accidents. The current study aimed to check safety contradiction using the FMEA method and determine protection indicators of safety performance in the overhaul project.  Materials and Methods: This study is descriptive-analytical research and an interference method that accomplished 13 jobs in major repairs gas pipeline project. After determining jobs and entering them in the FMEA worksheet, the initial risk score was obtained in this investigation, and after corrective suggestions, the secondary risk priority score was calculated. Results: The relationship between RPN1 and RPN2 was examined and determined a significant difference between risk priority score before and after corrective measure, and this indicates that these measures are effective (p<0.0005). Among various jobs and before taking corrective actions, the highest number of accidents was related to excavation activities with 15 accidents, which were reduced to 6 after taking corrective measures. Most days lost from work were related to driving job with 6020 days that reduced to 8 days after taking corrective actions; the highest rate of repeat accidents with 62.5 was related to détente activity reduced to 23.14 after taking corrective measures. The maximum intensity factor with 19444.44 was related to the driving activity reduced to 25.25 after taking corrective actions. The accident frequency - severity rate in driving activity with 15.84 was the most reduced to 0.28 after taking corrective measures.  Conclusion: Due to unacceptable risks and the high rate of accidents in the overhaul of the gas pipeline project, appropriate control measures can be used to reach an acceptable level of risk, which represents the usefulness of the FMEA method. Risk Assessment Risk Priority Number (RPN) FMEA Accident Indicators 2020 10 01 59 68 http://tkj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-1099-en.pdf 10.18502/tkj.v12i2.4374

44-1015 2026-09-16 10.1002

Occupational Medicine Quarterly Journal tkj 2251-7189 2251-8274 7 2020 12 2 Vahid Zand Pejman Hosseinpoor Mohammadhossein Baradaranfar Mojtaba Meybodian Mohammad Mandegari Sedighe Vaziribozorg Mohammadhossein Dadgarnia Introduction: This study aims to determine the serum zinc level in patients with hearing loss and its relation with tinnitus.  Materials & Methods: In this Cross-Sectional study, 110 patients older than 20 years old with Complaining of hearing loss and tinnitus were involved. Participating patients were first visited by an ear, nose, and throat specialist with a history and physical examination, and were assessed for standard hearing loss as well as the intensity and frequency of tinnitus by standard audiometric tests. Then, fasting blood samples were taken to check serum zinc levels. Results:The mean serum level was 85.32 ± 27 27.62, and the mean frequency of tinnitus was 4.94 ± 2.76, both of which had significant differences between different groups (P = 0.001). The mean intensity of tinnitus was 7.77 ± 4.56, and there was no significant difference between different groups (P = 0.677). Serum zinc level and tinnitus frequency were associated with a correlation coefficient of 0.205 (P = 0.032), and serum zinc level and tinnitus severity were associated with a correlation coefficient of 0.249 (P = 0.009). Conclusion: According to the present study results, the positive effect of serum zinc levels on the severity and frequency of tinnitus has been determined so that with decreasing serum zinc levels, tinnitus occurs at lower frequencies. Serum zinc Hearing loss Tinnitus 2020 10 01 70 76 http://tkj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-1015-en.pdf 10.18502/tkj.v12i2.4375