2026-09-16T04:52:54+03:30 http://tkj.ssu.ac.ir/browse.php?mag_id=9&slc_lang=fa&sid=1

9-261 2026-09-16 10.1002

Occupational Medicine Quarterly Journal tkj 2251-7189 2251-8274 7 2013 4 4 nasrin Sadeghi maryam Askarimoghaddam m.askari83@yahoo.com hossein Rahdar hamidreza Tolide-ie Background: Improper body positions such as kneeling, bending and twisting during saffron harvest, cause skeletal disorders. Low levels awareness about the true position of the body during work, is one of the problems of saffron workers. The purpose of this study, was training the correct body position in saffron pickers during work. Methods: This is a semi experimental study. Ssubjects were 30 saffron pickers who were selected by simple sampling method. Devices includes: educational pamphlet, camera and Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) chart. Pictures from all postures of the ssubjects during work were taken, and all parts of the body scored upon the REBA method, and calculated after entering codes into tables. After two weeks training about correct work position using pamphlet, the assessment was repeated. Finally, using SPSS (version 16) with Wilcoxon and T-test, the data was analyzed. Results: REBA assessment showed that the number (percent) people with moderate status (requiring a change in the near future) and those with very poor condition (needs more research and implement changes quickly) before the intervention was 9 (30%) and 21 (70%) changed to 15 (50%) and 15 (50%) respectively. This change was statistically significant. (P=0.003) Conclusion: This study shows that improper postures of farmers could be changed to better condition. Corrected postures training could be an appropriate interventional method to decrease MSDs risk factors. Ergonomics REBA Education Saffron pickers Physical positions 2013 2 01 1 7 http://tkj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-261-en.pdf

9-262 2026-09-16 10.1002

Occupational Medicine Quarterly Journal tkj 2251-7189 2251-8274 7 2013 4 4 farzane Rahimpoor fayaz Saeedi ali Fazli saber Mohammadi sabermohammadi@gmail.com Background: Shift working causing negative effects of physiological, psychological and social life of nurses. Because of impact on patient health status can also influence the general population health. This study reviews the effects of insomnia on public health of nurses in a educational hospital of Babol city. Methods: In this research as a descriptive, analytical and cross sectional study, 210 nurses are considered. The data was collected from individual questionnaires, General Health Questionnaires (GHQ-28) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Questionnaires (PSQI). The collected data was analyzed by Chi square test and Spirman correlation test and Kruskal-Wallis. Results: and Discussion: Overall findings of our research showed that general health of 36.7 percent of the nurses was desired, 58.1 percent was near the normal and 11.2 percent was poor. Sleep quality status of 34.3 percent of the nurses was good and others (65.7percents) were poor. The relation between sleep quality and public health of nurses was significant (P<0.001) also the relation between sleep quality and night shifts was significant. Conclusion: According to findings from our research, it seems appropriate policy must be done to improve sleep quality of nurses. public health shift working insomnia nurses 2013 2 01 8 13 http://tkj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-262-en.pdf

9-264 2026-09-16 10.1002

Occupational Medicine Quarterly Journal tkj 2251-7189 2251-8274 7 2013 4 4 marziye Abbassinia farogh Mohammadian mohammadreza Monazam somaye MahmoodKhani mahdi Asghari m.asghari2011@gmail.com navid Ghaemian Background: High levels of fatigue in the workplaces can lead to reduced productivity, and increase the risk of accidents and injuries. Purpose of this study was to assess and compare the fatigue levels among fixed-dayshift and rotating-shift workers of a rolling mills and steel production company in tehran. Methods: The study included 180 workers with fixed- and rotating-shift schedules. The method involved in our survey data collection was using standard questionnaires by face-to-face surveys. Results: Results showed that maximum level of fatigue for both groups is 4. Fatigue level between fixed-day shift and rotating-shift workers was statistically significant the degree of fatigue was higher in rotating shift workers. All symptoms associated fatigue in rotating shift workers were more severe than other, and statistically was significant. Comparison between tasks showed the most exhausting task is warehouse. Conclusion: Results show that level of fatigue is high in the company's personnel, so adopting proactive measures such as reducing working hours, doing regular rest and exercise during working time, paying sufficient attention to humanitarian needs and improving work system can be helpful. Fatigue Shift works Steel Production Company. 2013 2 01 14 21 http://tkj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-264-en.pdf

9-267 2026-09-16 10.1002

Occupational Medicine Quarterly Journal tkj 2251-7189 2251-8274 7 2013 4 4 mahdi Ghasemkhani ghasemkh@sina.tums.ac.ir mahsa Seyedzadeh saeed Eshraghi Background: Bioaerosols are airborne particles that with occupational and non-occupational activities generated and were found in the air. This study aimed to determination of bacterial bioaerosols in a tobacco industry. Methods: In this cross sectional study, bioaerosols were measured with standard methods and data were statistically analyzed by using SPSS software. Results: The highest mean ± SD concentration of bioaerosols to 26.5 CFU/m3 was known Gram-negative Bacillus. Also, the highest mean ± SD concentration of bioaerosols was 39±23.3 CFU/m3 in the cigarette unit. The mean maximum temperature in outdoor was 35 oC and relative humidity in packing unit was 68.7%. Conclusion: In unit cigarette due to the process of preparing and processing tobacco the mean concentration of bioaerosols were higher of other places. The results show that the concentration of bacterial bioaerosols in all places was lower of guidelines for the assessment of bioaerosols in the indoor environment ACGIH and indoor air quality aspect bacterial bioaerosols is in good condition. bacterial bioaerosols unit cigarette tobacco airborne Gram-negative 2013 2 01 22 28 http://tkj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-267-en.pdf

9-268 2026-09-16 10.1002

Occupational Medicine Quarterly Journal tkj 2251-7189 2251-8274 7 2013 4 4 ali Kermani adel Mazloumi amazlomi@sina.tums.ac.ir jebraeel NaslSeraji fariba GhasemZadeh Background: Human error is one of the most important issues in the world and studying these errors among medical occupations like physicians and nursing works to find solutions for identifying and controlling them became imperative. Therefore, current study was conducted with the aim of identification and evaluation of human error using SHERPA (Systematic Human Error Reduction and Prediction Approach) technique among nurses working at the emergency section of an educational hospital in Iran. Methods: This study was a cross sectional descriptive study conducted using SHERPA method. First, the aim and methodology of the study was explained to the nurses and then the task and subtasks of the nursing activity were determined through interview with the nurses and also by observation of their activities. A job analysis of nursing activity was implemented by HTA (Hierarchical Task Analysis) technique, at the next stage. Finally, the error types for each task and subtasks were determined, based on the SHERPA guideline and, worksheet was finally completed for each of the related error types. Results: In total, 231 errors were indentified among 65 tasks of the nurses’ clinical activity who worked in the emergency section. The highest percentage of the errors was belonged to the action error with 59.3%, and the rest were 25.55% for checking, 4.33% for retrieval, 2.16% communication, and 8.66% selection errors. Accordingly, the highest percentage of errors was belonged to the action error and the lowest one to communication errors. Conclusion: According to the findings in this study, action errors (with highest frequency) and checking errors (with highest unacceptable risk level) should be control and prioritized for error reduction program. Meanwhile, SHERPA technique can completely cover medical activities of the nurses and factors such as communication with patient which is not considered in other techniques, can be analyzed using this method. Human error SHERPA Nurses Risk assessment Emergency 2013 2 01 29 43 http://tkj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-268-en.pdf

9-269 2026-09-16 10.1002

Occupational Medicine Quarterly Journal tkj 2251-7189 2251-8274 7 2013 4 4 abolfazl Barkhordari mohammadhosein Mosadegh maryam Khairmand m_kheirmand@yahoo.com Background: Benzene and ethyl benzene are important indoor air pollutants, even in low amounts in office environment may cause risk for staff. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and determine the amounts of these pollutants in the office environment air of Yazd hospitals. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 18 samples of the air in office units of two hospitals were collected in December 2011. Methods of sampling and measurement were in accordance with the guidelines of the National Institute of Occupational Health (NIOSH), using Tedlar bag and gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC/FID) were performed. The data were analyzed by SPSS (version 16). Results: The highest average of benzene concentration was seen in management office (1.09±1.28 µg/m3), accountancy (0.59 ± 0.25 µg/m3) and personnel rooms (0.40 ± 0.56 µg/m3. For ethyl-benzene, the highest concentration was observed in personnel room (0.45±0.56 µg/m3), management office (0.18±0.16 µg/m3) and accountancy rooms (0.06±0.00 µg/m3). No significant difference was found between the mean concentration of benzene and ethyl benzene compounds in the office departments (P> 0.05). The mean concentrations in reconstructive office departments was higher than others and it had significant differences (P<0.05). Conclusion: Concentrations of benzene and ethyl-benzene in all office sections of hospital Was in Safe Range. However the concentration of these substances was increased during reconstruction and new decoration. Volatile organic compounds Hospitals Office environment Gas chromatography Indoor air quality 2013 2 01 44 53 http://tkj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-269-en.pdf

9-270 2026-09-16 10.1002

Occupational Medicine Quarterly Journal tkj 2251-7189 2251-8274 7 2013 4 4 mohammadhosein Davari amirhoshang Mehrparvar mehrdad Mostaghaci maryam Bahaloo drbahaloo@gmail.com mahnaz Poorshafiee Background: shift work may lead to different health problems due to circadian rhythm. The pattern of shift work, forward or backward, and the duration of each shift period may affect complications. This study was designed to assess and compare the health complications of different patterns of shift work in tile industry. Methods: this cross-sectional study was conducted on 203 shift workers in 2011 in two tile industries in Yazd with different patterns of shift work: on group with fore ward and short term pattern (2morning 2afternoon 2night) and the other with backward and long term pattern (2night 2afternoon 2morning). Data was collected by a questionnaire including occupational and health information such as physical examination and biochemical tests. Results: the frequency of cardiovascular symptoms and hypertension was significantly lower in the first group. The difference in smoking, obesity and abnormal FBS between two groups was not significant. Gastrointestinal symptoms such as dyspepsia, heartburn and constipation were significantly higher in the second group. Joint pain and muscle spasm were significantly lower in the first group. Conclusion: results show a significant difference in cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and musculoskeletal symptoms between forward and backward shift work pattern. shift work cardiovascular risk factors gastrointestinal complications musculoskeletal complications tile industry. 2013 2 01 54 62 http://tkj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-270-en.pdf

9-271 2026-09-16 10.1002

Occupational Medicine Quarterly Journal tkj 2251-7189 2251-8274 7 2013 4 4 naser Hasheminejad gholamhosein Halvani mojtaba Moghadasi farzane Zolala mahdiye Shafiezadeh m.shafiezade@yahoo.com Background: To reduce accidents, industrial HSE management system, and based on”prevention before occurrence” is required. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety conflicts by Preliminary Hazard Analysis (PHA) method, and determine the relationship between risk assessment and accident indicators. Methods: This is a descriptive analytical- study on 30 jobs in the Agglomeration Constructing Project in Bafgh. After classify risks, severity and probability of the risks determined, and the Initial Risk Assessment Code (RAC1) were computed. The corrective actions were recorded, and then the Secondary Risk Assessment Code (RAC2) was determined. Annual safety performance indicators were also calculated and statistical analysis conducted on the relationship between these indicators and the results of risk assessment. Results: The highest accident frequency rate and the highest risk job were welding jobs. Maximum lost work days were in steel construction. Also there was a significant difference between risk assessment before and after corrective action that is indicative for the effectiveness of corrective actions. In the next step for determining the relationship between the initial risk assessment codes (RAC1) and safety performance indicators (AFR, ASR and FSI), Pearson correlation coefficient was showed an inverse and quite significant relationship between RAC1 and safety performance indicators. Linear regression equation showed that for every one unit increase in RAC1, the AFR, ASR and FSI, was reduced 14.9, 110.37 and 1.24 respectively. Conclusion: Due to high rate of accidents and risks, faster investigation about safety conflicts and elimination of them is needed. Risk assessment PHA Accident Indicator 2013 2 01 63 74 http://tkj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-271-en.pdf

9-274 2026-09-16 10.1002

Occupational Medicine Quarterly Journal tkj 2251-7189 2251-8274 7 2013 4 4 Tavakol Heidari Shayesteh Akram Ranjbar a.ranjbar@umsha.ac.ir Background: The terms Reactive Oxygen Intermediates or Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) are used to describe the molecules as highly reactive oxygen molecules that will chemically oxidize neighboring susceptible molecules. A prominent feature of radicals is that they have extremely high chemical reactivity, which explains not only their normal biological activities, but how they inflict damage on cells. The free radical formation in a living system leads to oxidative damage of macromolecules, such as DNA, proteins and lipids. Oxidative stress is defined most simply as the imbalance between the production of free radicals and the body’s antioxidants. Epidemiological studies have provided evidence for an association between exposure to xenobiotics such as ambient polluted air particles, pesticides, metals, radiation and oxidative stress. Methods: Bibliographic databases including Scopus, PubMed and Google Scholar were searched between years 1960 to 2012 for the keywords "Oxidative stress" and jobs. In the first step, 17987 articles were found, after elimination of duplicates or irrelevant papers, 60 papers were selected and reviewed. Results: Sixty articles in this study have been used. Findings showed the relationship between jobs and oxidative stress. Conclusion: This review indicates that workers in various jobs are exposed to more oxidative stress damage. To overcome these oxidative stresses, supplementation with antioxidant vitamins, such as α-tocopherol and ascorbic acid, may have beneficial effects in these workers. It is reported that supplementation with antioxidants, protect against oxidative damage. Also, these workers need better precautions to protect them against serious health problem. Free radicals Antioxidant Jobs Workers Oxidative Stress 2013 2 01 75 91 http://tkj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-274-en.pdf

9-275 2026-09-16 10.1002

Occupational Medicine Quarterly Journal tkj 2251-7189 2251-8274 7 2013 4 4 Seyed Abbas Hasani Hossein Mobaraki hmobaraki@tums.ac.ir Zeinab Moghadami Fard 2013 2 01 92 101 http://tkj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-275-en.pdf