Volume 17, Issue 3 (Occupational Medicine Quarterly Journal 2025)
tkj 2025, 17(3): 11-25 |
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Research code: ندارم
Ethics code: IR.IAU.AHVAZ.REC.1404.188
Clinical trials code: ندارم
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Sharifipour M, Varshosaz K, Orak N, Cheraghi M, Laal F. Fire and explosion risk classification using MIL-STD-882E standard and PHL and PHA techniques and analysis of a case study incident. tkj 2025; 17 (3) :11-25
URL: http://tkj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-1378-en.html
URL: http://tkj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-1378-en.html
Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran , nedaorak@iau.ac.ir
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Fire and explosion risk classification using MIL-STD-882E standard and PHL and PHA techniques and analysis of a case study incident
Sharifipour M1, Varshosaz K2, Orak N3[†], Cheraghi M4, Laal F5
1Department of Environment, Ahv.C, Islamic Azad University Ahvaz, Iran
2 Department of Environment, Ahv.C, Islamic Azad University Ahvaz, Iran
3 Department of Environment, Ahv.C, Islamic Azad University Ahvaz, Iran
4 Department of Environment, Ahv.C, Islamic Azad University Ahvaz, Iran
5 Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Health, Determinants of Health Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
Abstract
Introduction: Process industries are inherently associated with the risk of catastrophic events such as fires and explosions. An integrated framework was created to identify analyze, and classify fire and explosion risks utilizing Preliminary Hazard List (PHL) and Preliminary Hazard Analysis (PHA) techniques along with the MIL-STD-882E risk assessment standard.
Materials and Methods: Initially, an analysis team was established and a system description was conducted. A real fire incident in the HDPE unit of a petrochemical plant was then selected as a case study. The underlying causes were identified through operational data, expert interviews, and technical documents. Using severity and probability tables from PHL and PHA methods, along with the MIL-STD-882E risk matrix, the risk level for each scenario was determined and corrective recommendations were proposed
Results: The findings revealed that eight hazardous conditions could possibly result in fire and explosion risks. Reactor explosions and centrifuge fires were identified in the initial control level of the study, accounting for 25%, linked to technical failures in control valves (TICI4). This scenario was assigned a risk level of 1D, classified as serious per the matrix. Compiling a comprehensive list of Pressure Safety Valves (PSVs) and implementing periodic inspections could significantly reduce the associated risk level. Moreover, the predominant consequences were mainly associated with deficiencies in isolation procedures, weaknesses in permit-to-work systems, and mistakes made by individuals.
Conclusion: Control and preventive measures proportional to the identified risk levels were recommended. The results demonstrate that combining PHA and PHL techniques with the MIL-STD-882E risk classification framework can enhance safety-related decision-making and mitigate hazards in high-risk process industries.
Keywords: MIL-STD-882E, Accident analysis, Risk, Petrochemical, Preliminary Hazard Analysis (PHA)
Full-Text: (44 Views)
Fire and explosion risk classification using MIL-STD-882E standard and PHL and PHA techniques and analysis of a case study incident
Sharifipour M1, Varshosaz K2, Orak N3[†], Cheraghi M4, Laal F5
1Department of Environment, Ahv.C, Islamic Azad University Ahvaz, Iran
2 Department of Environment, Ahv.C, Islamic Azad University Ahvaz, Iran
3 Department of Environment, Ahv.C, Islamic Azad University Ahvaz, Iran
4 Department of Environment, Ahv.C, Islamic Azad University Ahvaz, Iran
5 Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Health, Determinants of Health Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
Abstract
Introduction: Process industries are inherently associated with the risk of catastrophic events such as fires and explosions. An integrated framework was created to identify analyze, and classify fire and explosion risks utilizing Preliminary Hazard List (PHL) and Preliminary Hazard Analysis (PHA) techniques along with the MIL-STD-882E risk assessment standard.
Materials and Methods: Initially, an analysis team was established and a system description was conducted. A real fire incident in the HDPE unit of a petrochemical plant was then selected as a case study. The underlying causes were identified through operational data, expert interviews, and technical documents. Using severity and probability tables from PHL and PHA methods, along with the MIL-STD-882E risk matrix, the risk level for each scenario was determined and corrective recommendations were proposed
Results: The findings revealed that eight hazardous conditions could possibly result in fire and explosion risks. Reactor explosions and centrifuge fires were identified in the initial control level of the study, accounting for 25%, linked to technical failures in control valves (TICI4). This scenario was assigned a risk level of 1D, classified as serious per the matrix. Compiling a comprehensive list of Pressure Safety Valves (PSVs) and implementing periodic inspections could significantly reduce the associated risk level. Moreover, the predominant consequences were mainly associated with deficiencies in isolation procedures, weaknesses in permit-to-work systems, and mistakes made by individuals.
Conclusion: Control and preventive measures proportional to the identified risk levels were recommended. The results demonstrate that combining PHA and PHL techniques with the MIL-STD-882E risk classification framework can enhance safety-related decision-making and mitigate hazards in high-risk process industries.
Keywords: MIL-STD-882E, Accident analysis, Risk, Petrochemical, Preliminary Hazard Analysis (PHA)
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This paper should be cited as:
Sharifipour M, Varshosaz K, Orak N, Cheraghi M, Laal F. Fire and explosion risk classification using MIL-STD-882E standard and PHL and PHA techniques and analysis of a case study incident. Occupational Medicine Quarterly Journal. 2025:17(3): 11-25. |
[†]Corresponding author
Email: nedaorak@iau.ac.ir
Tel: +989163110836
Received: 28.06.2025 Accepted: 06.10.2025
Email: nedaorak@iau.ac.ir
Tel: +989163110836
Received: 28.06.2025 Accepted: 06.10.2025
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Safety and occupational accidents
Received: 2025/08/28 | Accepted: 2025/11/1 | Published: 2025/11/1
Received: 2025/08/28 | Accepted: 2025/11/1 | Published: 2025/11/1
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